1 . Microbiologists have designed a sustainable way to remove polluting microplastics from the environment by using bacteria. Initial design as it is, it paves the way for sustainably lowering plastic pollution levels and stop the “plastification”.

Bacteria naturally tend to group together and stick to surfaces, and this creates a sticky material called “biofilm”. Researchers at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) want to use this adhesive bacteria character and capture microplastics in polluted water to form an easily disposable and recyclable blob(团) .

Sylvia Lang Liu, microbiology researcher at PolyU and lead researcher on this project, together with his team, has engineered a bacterial biofilm, which can fix and absorb microplastics floating around in the water, and make them sink to the bottom of the water. Then the researchers can separate the microplastics from the bacteria traps and get them ready to recycle.

Microplastics are the plastic fragments, usually smaller than 5mm, which are accidentally released into the environment during production and breakdown of grocery bags or water bottles, or during everyday activities such as washing synthetic (合成的) clothes or using personal care products with scrubbing microbeads in them. Microplastics are visually tiny, making it challenging to develop effective solutions to trap, collect, and recycle them.

Microplastics are not easily biodegradable (生物降解的), so they stick around for long and absorb and accumulate poisonous chemicals. They spread into wastewater and into the oceans, endangering marine animals and eventually threatening human health, Microplastics had been found in more than 114 species living in the water and also salt, lettuce, apples, and more in 2018 according to the International Maritime Organization.

“This is an innovative application of biofilm engineering l0 address the plastio pollution crisis,” said Dr Joanna Sadler, researcher at University of Edinburgh, who was not involved in this study. “One of the biggest challenges in dealing with microplastics is capturing such small particles. Liu and co-workers have denmonstrated an elegant solution to this problem, which holds great potential to be further developed into a real-world wastewater treatment technology.”

1. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “adhesive” in Paragraph 2?

A．Floating.

B．Sticky.

C．Diverse.

D．Visual.

2. Why are microplastics hard to capture?

A．They are visually too small.	B．They are hard to biodegrade.
C．They continue to exist for long.	D．They are poisonous chemicals.

3. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Small particles are essential to address water pollution

B．Biofilm bas been widely used to settle plastic pollution.

C．Sadler thinks little of the biofilm engineering application.

D．Biofilm application is promising for wastewater treatment.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Microplastic removal.	B．Uses of bacteria.
C．Wastewater treatment.	D．Plastic pollution.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Rising sea levels are threatening coastlines in China, for example in     1     (city) such as Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou. If sea levels rise by one meter, more than 92,000 square kilometers of China’s coast could be flooded. This could potentially force 67 million people     2     (move) away. Almost two-thirds of the ice in Asia’s glaciers (冰川) could disappear if average global temperature rises beyond 1.5℃ by the end of the century. If that happens, the impacts     3     China will be felt in multiple areas, from water availability, to agriculture, and to biodiversity.

The good news is     4     China is becoming a global leader on climate action. For example, over the last five years, China     5     (use) more solar and wind energy than any other country in the world. China is also the largest clean energy investor in the world —     6     (spend) some $130 billion in new energy in recent years.

The development of electric vehicles is particularly     7     (inspire) in China. More than 50 percent of electric vehicles in the world     8     (sell) in China every year. And China is now a world leader in the     9     (promote) of clean energy technologies.

Ecological civilization has become the cornerstone (基石) of China’s long-term development strategy, much like climate action is     10     important part of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Humanity’s ongoing destruction of wildlife will lead to a shrinking (萎缩) of nature, with the average body size of animals     1     ( fall) by a quarter, a study predicts.

The researchers estimate that more than 1,000 larger kinds of animals will die out in the next century. They say this could lead to the collapse (崩溃) of ecosystems     2     are important for humans to get food and clean water.

Humans     3     ( destroy) most large animals from all inhabited (有人居住的) continents apart from Africa over the last 125,000 years. This destruction will speed up     4     (rapid) in the coming years, according to the     5     (late) research.

Animal populations have fallen by 60% since 1970, suggesting a sixth mass     6     (extinct) of life on Earth is under way caused by the ruining of wild areas, hunting and farming. Scientists said this month that human society was     7     danger from the drop of the Earth’s natural life-support systems, with half of natural ecosystems now destroyed and     8     total of a million species at risk of dying out.

The future disappearance can be avoided if complete action is taken     9     (protect) wildlife habitats, and the scientists say the new work can help focus efforts on key     10     (animal).