1 . There has been a very serious decline(下降) in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
Protective measures will have to be put into effect if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have reduced by between 87 percent and 98 percent. This puts them on the list of “extremely endangered”. Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
The problem is stressed by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of typical concern, as large fish tend to produce more descendants than small ones.
None of these facts has been taken into consideration by the fishing industry. The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding(快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. Billions of people rely on fish for protein. Measures must be taken to not only preserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.
1. Why did people start fishing for deep-sea fish?| A．Because deep sea fish tastes better. |
| B．Because there are not enough fish to eat in the shallow sea. |
| C．Because technological development makes it easier to catch deep-sea fish. |
| D．Because water pollution in shallow sea areas is serious. |
| A．There are deep-sea fish species that are completely extinct. |
| B．Deep-sea fish have lost their ability to reproduce. |
| C．Deep-sea fish reproduce more slowly. |
| D．The size of deep-sea fish has decreased. |
| A．The fishing industry catches deep-sea fish in a ruinous way. |
| B．Elephants reproduce at the same rate as rabbits. |
| C．Sardine and herring are also endangered like deep-sea fish. |
| D．Elephants are being killed in large numbers. |
| A．Fast-breeding fish do not need protection. |
| B．The decline in deep-sea fish has occurred in the last 20 years. |
| C．The results of overfishing should be taken seriously. |
| D．The destruction of the deep-sea environment does not affect human life. |
2 . Soil creates life from death. The production of food we eat mainly relies on soil. But this precious resource is eroded (侵蚀) at a global average of 13.5 tons per hectare per year. Instead of nourishing crops, fertile topsoil is washed and blown away, ending up in inconvenient places such as ditches and oceans.
Jo Handelsman and Kayla Cohen try to make readers care about soil in A World Without Soil. Their prologue (前言) takes the form of a letter to the government. With the letter, they hope to make soil management a federal priority. The following chapters cover the basic science of soil as well as the causes and consequences of its loss. In the last part of the book, the authors turn to possible solutions — many of them simple, and some centuries old. They describe about traditional soil management techniques, including planting diverse crops in rotation (轮种), increasing organic content, ploughing as little as possible, etc. With these techniques, farmers are able to produce rich agricultural production while maintaining deep banks of fertile soil.
Why, then, is fertile soil being allowed to be washed and blown away? The answer, not surprisingly, rests in global capitalism. Farmers’ profit is thin, forcing farmers to plant the highest-profit crop from field to field every season. To ensure food security, Handelsman and Cohen urge the world to demand a real top-down change in how agricultural production is managed. “The burden of protecting soil cannot be shifted to farmers and environmental activists,” they note. Governments must begin to move towards a model in which farmers are less independent business people growing and selling food, and more government-supported land workers managing both food production and soil protection. This should be the core of agriculture.
Our land and soil are too precious to be destroyed by the market price of crops. We must invest deeply and thoughtfully in our farmers so that they can invest deeply and thoughtfully in the land. This is the future of farming.
1. What is the function of the statistics in paragraph 1?| A．To show the great value of soil. |
| B．To raise public awareness about protecting resources. |
| C．To highlight the importance of food production in human life. |
| D．To present the serious problem of land shortage in recent years. |
| A．It targets federal officials as its main readers. |
| B．It puts forward some practical solutions to soil loss. |
| C．It advocates changing traditional farming techniques. |
| D．It blames governments for not taking care of farmlands. |
| A．Invest in the most profitable crops. |
| B．Grow and sell food all by themselves. |
| C．Offer farmers support in working the land. |
| D．Shift the burden of protecting soil to environmental activists. |
| A．A Call to Save Soil. | B．Tips to Reshape Agriculture. |
| C．Ways to Expand Food Production. | D．An Appeal to Secure Food Supply. |
3 . A flood hit Yellowstone National Park on June 13, 2022. The disaster was caused by a combination of unusually heavy rains and rapid snow melt. The high and fast water flows destroyed bridges and swept away entire roadways, leaving communities and homes isolated. Fortunately, the approximately 10,000 park visitors were safely evacuated.
The town of Gardiner, along the Montana-Wyoming border, was particularly hard hit. The floodwaters left almost 900 people with no power or water for many days. Gardiner’s economy, which depends on the almost three-quarters of a million visitors who pass through the park’s north gate annually, is likely to take a hit. The floodwaters severely damaged the main north entrance road to Yellowstone, and could take years to rebuild.
Park officials have begun work on improving an alternative road to Gardiner. This will ensure that locals can access food, supplies, and other essential emergency services. A limited number of tourists may also be allowed into Gardiner once the road is stable.
Yellowstone’s north gate is closed indefinitely. But the park’s south gate opened to visitors on June 22, 2022. Park officials have started a new entry system to prevent overcrowding. It is based on the last number of the visitor’s vehicle license plate and the calendar date of the month. Cars with odd (奇数的) numbers can visit the park on odd days of the month, while those with even (偶数的) numbers can go on even days.
Established in 1872, Yellowstone is America’s oldest national park. The 3,472-square-mile reserve spans three states and is home to many unique wildlife. It is known for its natural beauty that includes mountains, rivers and lakes. The forces of fire and ice shaped the park over thousands of years.
1. What does the underlined word “isolated” in paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．Tracked. | B．Separated. |
| C．Decorated. | D．Improved. |
| A．Gardiner’s economy would get into trouble. |
| B．Communities and homes were left in ruins. |
| C．Almost 900 people were trapped in the park. |
| D．The park’s south gate was closed for a while. |
| A．Local people can get daily necessities from visitors. |
| B．The park has adopted a new system to recognize faces. |
| C．The license plate number decides when cars enter the park. |
| D．More tourists may flood into the park for geological features. |
| A．Flooding has caused widespread damage in the US. |
| B．Yellowstone National Park is closed due to flooding. |
| C．People can visit Yellowstone National Park any day. |
| D．Natural beauty makes Yellowstone famous. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
But hope not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to digging out those who were trapped and to bury a dead. More than 10.000 doctor and nurses came to provide medicine care. Workers built shelters for survivors who home had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousand of people were helped. Water or food were brought into the city on train, truck, and plane. Slow, the city began to breathe again.
5 . “Preparation is vital to surviving natural disasters," says Thomas M. Kostigen, the author of a new book called the Extreme Weather Survival Guide. We asked him about his new book.
J: In your book, you write that when it comes to weather, “abnormal is the new normal."
T: We're seeing storms like we've never seen before in terms of intensity and frequency. Storms that occurred maybe every hundred years are now occurring every three years. That's the new normal we' re living in.
J: Do you think most people are prepared for extreme weather events?
T: No. I think most people are aware of the weather. We talk about it even when there is nothing else to talk about.
J: What are the most important steps people should take to increase their preparation?
T: In any situation, there are three things that you need to do. One, get informed on what's happening around you.
J: How should people decide if they should shelter in place or withdraw?
T:
J: Was there any survival advice that surprised you?
T: One of the really interesting ones is not to take shelter under an overpass during a tornado.
| A．That depends on the event |
| B．Can you explain what you mean |
| C．Winds can increase speed under them |
| D．Next, have a plan and an emergency kit ready |
| E．But then people don't take the next step to get prepared |
| F．What role has climate change played in extreme weather |
| G．Extreme weather events have become more frequent in recent years |
We all create too much trash but no one was showing much interest in taking out the trash every day. In my family, we usually argue over things like
7 . Some years back, nobody paid much attention to the waste in homes and landfills (垃圾填埋场). It became so vast that the government started getting concerned the phenomenon could create a disaster. A solution had to be found, one that is kind to humans and the environment.
Conserve natural resources
Reduce carbon emissions (碳排放)
Recycling greatly reduces carbon emissions, commonly referred to as greenhouse gases.
Recycling has been proved to save up lots of energy. Companies that use recycled aluminum (铝) save up to 95% energy during production of aluminum products when compared to companies that source raw materials.
One person makes a big difference
Most people believe that one person cannot make any difference in regard to recycling waste. That thinking might apply in other fields.
| A．Save energy. |
| B．Protect the environment. |
| C．That’s how recycling was born. |
| D．Many kinds of resources are considered limited. |
| E．You and your neighbor’s effort to recycle will mean clean surrounding air. |
| F．However, in recycling, an individual’s contribution counts. |
| G．If wastes were not recycled, they would end up being burned, giving out greenhouse gases. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线 ( \ ) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线, 并在横线下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday, the strong earthquake hit a city. It was a terribly disaster. About 200,000 people were killed, more people were injured and also a lot of became homeless. The beautiful capital city destroyed in a short time.
This afternoon a meeting was held in our class. At the meeting many student made speeches. We decided to help those that were in need in the struck area. Some students recommended that we raised money to help the people there and they all agreed. After the meeting more than 1,000 yuan was collected.
It is true that many natural disasters can’t be avoided sometimes and at least we can do our best to helping the people in the struck area. We are very proud of ourselves.
9 . Medi Bastoni, a 43-year-old father of four from Indonesia, is walking 800 km from his home on a volcano in East Java to Jakarta. He is doing it
He set out on his
Bastoni says that when he arrives, he hopes to
“Walking backwards is meant as a
| A．outwards | B．regularly | C．naturally | D．backwards |
| A．shrinking | B．flooding | C．expanding | D．growing |
| A．wonderful | B．fancy | C．tough | D．single |
| A．theme | B．belief | C．goal | D．direction |
| A．sad | B．tired | C．hungry | D．excited |
| A．likely | B．afraid | C．nervous | D．willing |
| A．effect | B．difference | C．change | D．effort |
| A．losing | B．planting | C．selling | D．protecting |
| A．enjoy | B．take | C．reduce | D．seek |
| A．talk about | B．meet with | C．say goodbye to | D．get close to |
| A．problem | B．cause | C．method | D．benefit |
| A．surrounding | B．varying | C．including | D．reaching |
| A．suffers | B．escapes | C．benefits | D．prevents |
| A．cycles | B．walks | C．drives | D．runs |
| A．attached | B．compared | C．exposed | D．applied |
| A．lend | B．offer | C．watch | D．show |
| A．in order | B．in time | C．on purpose | D．on schedule |
| A．chance | B．story | C．signal | D．relief |
| A．scene | B．reality | C．past | D．situation |
| A．prepared | B．waited | C．cared | D．fought |
10 . When still a young child, Morales Casanova saw children harm local trees. And sometimes they
A few years later, at age 13, she sent the president of Mexico a
Opening in 2013, Ceiba Pentandra Park provides a free, interactive learning experience for children and teachers on
Park students who show
| A．still | B．even | C．almost | D．ever |
| A．solve | B．analyze | C．raise | D．identify |
| A．fund | B．need | C．patience | D．respect |
| A．signal | B．card | C．question | D．proposal |
| A．political | B．financial | C．environmental | D．educational |
| A．held up | B．contributed to | C．put off | D．called off |
| A．youth | B．adults | C．seniors | D．retirees |
| A．books | B．clothes | C．land | D．food |
| A．duty | B．dream | C．promise | D．role |
| A．center | B．department | C．museum | D．park |
| A．various | B．constant | C．narrow | D．original |
| A．important | B．positive | C．unusual | D．curious |
| A．chance | B．potential | C．courage | D．method |
| A．leadership | B．friendship | C．partnership | D．salesmanship |
| A．in English | B．in class | C．in public | D．in whispers |
| A．sightseeing | B．job-hunting | C．body-building | D．fund-raising |
| A．visitors | B．teachers | C．kids | D．managers |
| A．afraid | B．confident | C．satisfied | D．shocked |
| A．making up with | B．picking up with | C．coming up with | D．growing up with |
| A．lifestyle | B．systems | C．neighborhood | D．technique |
