1.保护环境的重要性;
2.如何低碳生活;
3.发出倡议。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
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Student Union
2 . Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe Studies by the Council of Europe of which 21 countries are members have shown that 45 per cent of reptile species and 24 per cent of butterflies are, in danger or dying out.
European concern for wildlife was outlined by. Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality and Dr Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not he set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.
“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction.” he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.
“We forget that they are the guarantee (保证) of life systems on which any built-up area depends,” Dr Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products but we could not manage without nature. However our natural environment areas which are the original parts of our countryside have become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land.”
1. Recent studies by the Council of Europe have declared that _________.A.wildlife needs more protection only in Britain |
B.all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out |
C.there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere |
D.many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting |
A.Because he needed to present it with a council’s diploma. |
B.Because he was concerned about its management. |
C.Because he valued the park as the only national park of its kind in Europe. |
D.Because he wanted to congratulate the park for finally receiving a diploma. |
A.national parks should serve more purposes for human activities |
B.people would go on protecting national parks |
C.certain areas of the countryside should be left undisturbed by man. |
D.people should defend the right to develop the areas around national parks |
A.preservation | B.relaxation |
C.expression | D.modernization |
A.Council of Europe is an international organization mainly intended for nature preservation. |
B.Industrial products are not important at all in maintaining human survival. |
C.Council of Europe holds high standards for presenting diplomas to nature reserves. |
D.Britain has the most effective measures for environmental protection. |
Christine Figgener could never have predicted that
The heart-breaking video has been viewed more than 32 million
Americans alone use as many as 390 million plastic straws a day---just a small proportion (比例) of the 8 million metric tons of plastic
Figgener also spends her time visiting schools
4 . When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.”
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break— offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.
Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A.Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. |
B.Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions. |
C.Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. |
D.Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places. |
A.The combination with other relevant signals. |
B.The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. |
C.The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. |
D.The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes. |
A.distinguishing different components of a signal |
B.detecting multiple avalanches at the same time |
C.calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches |
D.monitoring the specific location of ice break—offs |
A.From Fire to Ice | B.Glacier Whispers |
C.Nature is Warning | D.Secret of Ice Avalanches |
5 . In British Bristol, 70 English women at once entered into legal "marriage" with dozens of trees in protest (反对,抗议) against their being cut down. They "married" the trees in an attempt (试图) to prevent them from being cleared for construction (建造) of residential buildings worth £55 million in the forest. The British construction company has applied for the construction of 166 houses in Bristol, including luxury (奢华的) cottages. At the same time, the townspeople were especially angry at the fact that the application did not show the exact number of trees that are planned to be cut down. So, in order to attract the attention of the government, the activists organized an unusual wedding ceremony to save the forest.
The event took place at a park on Spike Island. The women who went there, dressed in wedding dresses, held photographs of the "suitors" in their hands. The celebration itself took place according to the classic storyline—with groomsmen and wedding vows (誓词). The organizer was John Tarleton, a professor at the Bristol Veterinary School, According to him, this action was supposed to suggest that tees are partners of people throughout their life.
The idea to hold such a ceremony came from Siobhan Kierans, who admitted that she came up with it by the story of women from the environmental movement Chipko, who chained (链在一起) themselves to trees in the 1970s to save them from destruction by logging companies.
The protesters said that Bristol needs trees more than luxury private housing. One of the "brides", Suzan Hackett, said, "To get married to a tree is a real honor. It's not a show. It's highly significant (important) and symbolic."
1. Why did the women marry trees?A.To protect the trees from going extinct (dying out). |
B.To appeal to (呼吁) people to plant more trees. |
C.To draw the government's attention to save the forest. |
D.To blame the company for damaging trees. |
A.The men to marry. | B.The companies to build houses. |
C.The buildings to be pulled down. | D.The trees to be saved. |
A.A previous (以前的) environmental campaign. |
B.Cruel behavior of logging companies. |
C.Movements of women fighting for rights. |
D.Women chained to trees for their faults. |
A.Interesting. | B.Meaningful. |
C.Pioneering. | D.Emotional. |
6 . Scientists often compare coral reefs(珊瑚礁) to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals are animals. The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color from algae(藻类) living inside them. When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or pollution, they halt the interdependent relationship with algae, typically pushing them out and turning white. Corals are still alive when they are white, but they're at risk and many eventually die, turning dark brown.
Scientists around the world are looking for means to protect and maybe increase corals. One common option is to create more protected areas — essentially national parks in the ocean. Beyond nature preserves, some conservationists are looking to more hands-on methods. One research center in the Florida Keys is exploring a form of natural selection to keep corals remaining. The reef system in the Keys has been hit hard by climate change and pollution, which is especially tough, because corals there help support fisheries worth $ 100 million every year.
To keep the wild ecosystem alive, Erinn Muller, the center's director, and her team are harvesting samples of the corals that survived the environmental stress naturally, keeping them to make them reproduce, and then reattaching them to the reef. They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea. So far, the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged reefs.
In The Bahamas, Ross Cunning, a research biologist at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium, focuses on corals with genes that could make them natural candidates for restoration projects. He published a study of two Bahamian reefs, one that survived an extreme 2015 heat wave, and one that didn't. "We think their ability to deal with these higher temperatures is built into their genes," says Cunning. There's evidence of corals evolving more quickly to resist rapidly warming climate. The big question scientists need investigate, adds Gunning, is how much more heat corals can adapt to.
1. What does the underlined word "halt" in the first paragraph mean?A.End. | B.Develop. | C.Strengthen. | D.Weaken. |
A.Restore the damaged reefs. | B.Grow corals by hand underwater. |
C.Create more protected areas. | D.Move corals to unpolluted areas. |
A.Many corals have been genetically improved. | B.Cooling down the waters is key to rescuing corals. |
C.Reasons for corals surviving heat waves are shocking. | D.The highest temperature corals can survive is unclear. |
A.Relationship between corals and algae | B.Efforts made to save corals |
C.Impact of climate warming on corals | D.Survival crisis faced by coral reefs |
7 . Keeping curious kids from disrupting wildlife
Interacting with the wild, naturally curious kids tend to collect seashells at the beach or keep small wildlife as pets.
Take an interest, not things. Kids show interest in picking flowers, rocks, or shells outdoors. They’re part of wildlife's habitat and play an important role.
Admire animal afar, not disrupt nearby. The urge to take a photo with a squirrel, bird, or slow-moving turtle can be strong for kids.
Take well-worn paths, not off-road romps (嬉戏). Kicking piles of leaves, stepping on bushes, and walking through forested areas can unintentionally scare wildlife. If surprised animals defend their homes, everyone could get hurt. Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their home and act rudely.
A.Keep snacks away from animals. |
B.Share food if animals are hungry. |
C.Exposure to them develops kids’ love and curiosity. |
D.The same rule applies to visiting wildlife in their homes. |
E.Animals rely on plants for hiding; rocks and shells, for homes. |
F.Approaching animals disrupts what they do for survival, such as eating. |
G.Despite innocent purposes, kids’ curiosity accidentally damages the wild. |
8 . I want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But, let’s face it: it isn’t always
The moment one thinks about the seriousness of the
There’s one thing I find
It is an oft-repeated story, but that doesn’t make it any less
A.interesting | B.easy | C.useful | D.valuable |
A.stress | B.problem | C.illness | D.change |
A.research | B.view | C.understand | D.print |
A.international | B.historical | C.environment | D.advanced |
A.enough | B.helpful | C.possible | D.necessary |
A.strangest | B.greatest | C.funniest | D.hardest |
A.healthier | B.greener | C.cleverer | D.stronger |
A.suggestion | B.protection | C.choices | D.chances |
A.new | B.popular | C.free | D.unique |
A.instruction | B.preparation | C.explanation | D.information |
A.continue | B.receive | C.complete | D.remember |
A.colorful | B.made-up | C.washed-up | D.common |
A.starts | B.avoids | C.forgets | D.minds |
A.point out | B.proves | C.works out | D.imagines |
A.promise | B.difference | C.effort | D.secret |
A.learns | B.realizes | C.replies | D.accepts |
A.control | B.catch | C.find | D.save |
A.difficult | B.true | C.enjoyable | D.painful |
A.cause | B.challenges | C.mistakes | D.opportunities |
A.need | B.expect | C.want | D.can |
1. 保护野生动物的必要性;
2. 保护措施;
3. 发出呼吁。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Good morning, everyone.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The researchers published their study in the journal Nature. They looked at data from recent bleaching (变白) events in the Great Barrier Reef, off the coast of Australia. Bleaching causes corals to lose their colour and, often, to die. Several causes contribute
Researchers say the results of the study highlight the importance of
Corals look like rocks, but they are tiny animals. The creatures can exist alone or in large colonies. They form a hard outer shell. When they die, their skeleton (骨架)
Fortunately, a group of scientists unconnected to the study