1 . An earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.
If you are trapped in the ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Don’t shout.
Be prepared for aftershocks
A.Don’t move about or kick up dost. |
B.If you’re outside, go to an open space. |
C.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust. |
D.Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object. |
E.Take a good hold of your cellphone in the building. |
F.They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake. |
G.Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to get out. |
A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important
3 . Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(缺乏). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs .
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks(滴水) in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
1. Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?A.Using river water. | B.Throwing batteries away. |
C.Throwing rubbish into lakes. | D.Paving parking lots. |
A.All water shortages are due to human behavior. |
B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs. |
C.There is much we can do to reduce family size. |
D.The average family in America makes proper use of water. |
A.show us how to fix leaks at home |
B.tell us how to run a dishwasher |
C.prove what drinking glass is best for us |
D.suggest what we do to save water at home |
A.how human activity affects our water supply |
B.how much we depend on water to live |
C.why droughts occur more in dry climates |
D.why paving roads reduces our water |
4 . 1970 was “World Conservation Year”. The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world was in danger. They hoped that the governments would act quickly in order to conserve(保护)nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only 860 remain. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything that grows and lives. We can’t live without these things. If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves.
What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we do now?” The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are hoping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests and so on. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of eleven kilometers of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called “No One’s Going to Change our World!” It was made by Seatles, Cliff Richard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animals.
1. We shall destroy ourselves if we don’t ________.A.improve our technology in planting trees |
B.try our best to save the world |
C.change the earth |
D.hear about the record called “No One’s Going to Change our World!” |
A.a record calling on people to conserve nature |
B.an important book published in 1970 |
C.an idea that nobody would accept |
D.a rule worked out by the United States |
A.We should clean the banks of our rivers. |
B.We should know what we should do and do it now. |
C.We should know what will happen in the future. |
D.We should plant more trees and flowers. |
A.1970 was ”World Conservation Year". |
B.The United Nations wanted everybody to know that the world is in danger. |
C.It is the young people who are helping to save our world. |
D.Conservation is necessary. |
1. Why does the woman invite the man to the beach?
A.To collect some plastic. | B.To see a whale. | C.To relax. |
A.The community. | B.The government. | C.A recycling company. |
A.Responsible. | B.Lazy. | C.Emotional. |
6 . The newly-elected president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw (退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success. During the election campaign, he promised to ease protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife. Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger?
The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, is called “the lungs of the planet.” Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots and release water vapor into the air, forming tiny drops of water. The Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist, says that it is almost impossible to say Just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems.
Some of Bolsonaro’s support comes from business and farming groups. One supporter, Luiz Carlos, noted that farmers “are not invaders, they are producers.” He blamed the past government for supporting rainforest protections at the cost of farmers. “Brazil,” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.”
Paulo Artaxo, a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo, says that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.”
Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall in other areas. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.
1. The first paragraph is intended to ________.A.draw people’s attention to the disappearing rainforests |
B.ask people to ease the protection of rainforests |
C.attract the public to the newly-elected president |
D.to complain about the new government's withdrawing |
A.produce much farmland |
B.examine people’s lungs |
C.change the earth’s living system |
D.destroy farmers’ crops |
A.The new president’s supporters care less about farmers. |
B.Scientists are concerned about the protection of rainforests. |
C.The rainforests will stop the economic development in Brazil. |
D.The past government is to blame for the destruction of rainforests |
A.a newspaper |
B.a magazine |
C.a guidebook |
D.a textbook |
7 . A young Dutch inventor is widening his effort to cleanup floating (浮动的) plastic from the Pacific Ocean. He has developed a floating device (设备) to trap plastic waste moving into rivers before it reaches the oceans.
Boyan Slat was just 18 years old when he invented a system for catching waste in the ocean. He also founded an environmental group called “The Ocean Cleanup”. Its purpose is to develop the system. Last year, Slat showed the next step: a floating device which is called Interceptor. It removes plastic out of rivers. The device is powered by energy from the sun. “The 1,000 rivers are responsible for about 80% of plastic going into the world’s oceans,” said Slat. Three of the machines have already been used. Each machine costs about $775, 660, but the cost might drop as production increases.
Since they were used, the machines have been doing very well, collecting the plastic bottles and all the rubbish in the rivers. According to Slat, it is necessary to close “the tap”, which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place. He wanted to clean them all in the next five years. “This is not going to be easy, but if we do get this done, we could truly make our oceans again, ”said Slat.
The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to keep it away from larger floating things. It works by guiding plastic waste into an opening in the front of the device. The waste is then carried inside the machine where it is dropped into containers. The devices ends a text message to local operators that can come and empty it when it is full.
1. What do we know about Interceptor?A.It needs solar power to work. | B.It is mainly used in the oceans. |
C.It is being under test. | D.It can help sort waste. |
A.The waste. | B.The oceans. |
C.The machines. | D.The rivers. |
A.To ensure the device’s safety. | B.To send operators text messages. |
C.To empty the waste. | D.To serve as containers. |
A.A novel. | B.A magazine. |
C.A diary. | D.A guidebook. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Yushu was struck by a violent earthquake in April 14, 2010. We were sleeping in the kindergarten while our teacher woke us up. She immediate took us to the playground which was not far from the teaching building. Although we didn’t know what had happened, but we were very frightening. When we ran to the playground in a hurry, a boy lost one of his shoe and cried. Our teacher were so patient that she tried to comfort her and helped to find the shoe. The boy stopped crying by the time his parents came to pick him up from school half a hour later.
9 . Sandstorms are among the most violent natural disasters. High winds lift dirt or sand into the air, causing damage, injuries, and deaths.
Put a mask over your nose and mouth. If you have a mask, put it on immediately.
Look for shelter (避难所).
Wait out the storm. Don’t try to move through the storm; it’s much too dangerous. Stay where you are and wait for it to pass before you attempt to move to a different location. If you can quickly reach such shelter before a dust storm reaches you, get there as quickly as possible and stay inside.
A.If you don’t have one |
B.After you wear a mask |
C.Even a parked car will do |
D.No matter where you live |
E.Protect yourself from flying objects |
F.Close all windows and doors, and wait out the storm |
G.You’d better cover your face with your arm as you move |
10 . About 1,833 lives were lost in 2005 in Hurricane Katrina, one of the most terrifying storms in U.S. history. The government’s shortage of preparation and good measures to Katrina met with widespread criticism (批评), and the need for a more complete system to react to natural disasters appearing as one of the key lessons from the 2005 storm. The effect of Hurricane Maria on Puerto Rico in 2017 shows that these lessons have not been learned: The storm, which hit the island last September, made tens of thousands of Puerto Ricans homeless, left over a million people without electricity for several weeks, and caused about $90 billion in damages.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) on May 29 says that the Puerto Rico deaths related to Hurricane Maria are at least 4,654, over 70 times the previous official number of 64. The death rate after the storm was 14.3 per 1,000 persons, a 62% increase from the official rate for the same period in 2016, researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found. “The shortage of medical care was the main cause of high death rates in the months after the hurricane,” the researchers wrote.
There are three explanations for why so many people died after Hurricane Maria: the inactive action of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the poor health of Puerto Ricans before the storm, and the weak facilities and shortage of money for the health system before Maria’s striking the island. It is especially important to note that because modern medicine can treat people with chronic illnesses , the failure of a local health care system may be particularly threatening (威胁) to the post-disaster health of the affected population.
Hurricane Maria and other recent disasters have shown the need for health systems becomes more and more important. Our government should take action!
1. What could we learn about Hurricane Katrina and Maria in Paragraph 1?A.The government drew a lesson from them. |
B.The government was well prepared for them. |
C.People built many houses to fight against them. |
D.A system against Hurricanes didn’t work well. |
A.People were short of medical care. |
B.People failed to run away quickly. |
C.The government had wrong figures. |
D.The Hurricane hit the island heavily. |
A.The reasons for people’s death after Hurricane Maria. |
B.The effect of Hurricane Maria on Puerto Rico. |
C.The weak facility and financial problems in Puerto Rico. |
D.The failure of a local health care system. |
A.Admiring. | B.Critical. | C.Uncaring. | D.Doubtful. |