1 . When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders,Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier.But the glacier was gone,melted by the warming climate.Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.

Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change.And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson,a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell,US,an idea for a class.

This term,she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies.She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落),scientists and activists,and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”.

Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者).Then he did his own reading and research,and changed his mind.

Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer-science major.Yet,the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.

Six months into the work,he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.

Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.

“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost,displaced or massively impacted,” she said.“The future isn’t going to be what they imagined.”

1. Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?

A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.

B．To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.

C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.

D．To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.

2. Which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?

A．Simple.	B．Difficult.
C．Common.	D．Interesting.

3. What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class?

A．To explore how different people deal with climate change.

B．To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.

C．To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.

D．To teach students how to conduct research about environment.

4. How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon?

A．It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects.

B．It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.

C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.

D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.

2 . Located in the Indian Ocean,the Maldives(马尔代夫) are among the most beautiful islands in the world,with white sandy beaches,clear water,and amazing coral reefs(珊瑚礁).The country depends on tourism,fishing,and shipping.But the rising sea level and the carbon pollution causing warming oceans are threatening(威胁) their existence.

The Maldives have asked for international help.They are a tiny country.The World Bank,the United States,the European Union,and many other groups have offered money to develop safeguards against climate change.

To protect the islands,the Maldives have built sea walls and increased the elevation(海拔) of important buildings and services such as the two international airports,which lie just 165 feet from the coastline.

They’re also building up islands such as the Hulhumale.The new island is surrounded by 9-foot sea walls.More than 40,000 people live there.The plan is to house 240,000,providing new opportunities for jobs.The goal is an excellent planned community with sustainable housing and buildings sensitive to the environment and needs of the people.

The government will move people living on smaller,lower-lying islands to the new built-up islands.The new islands offer free houses,new schools,health hospitals,fresh water,and waste treatment.Depending on tourism,the country hopes to build 50 more tourist islands.

“Climate change is happening,but we are not leaving the Maldives to the sea,” said Environment Minister Thoriq Ibrahim.The Maldives will protect their islands,people and tourism with new islands and ongoing island development against the rising sea level.

1. What do we fail to learn according to the passage?

A．The Maldives are a small country.

B．Many groups have helped the Maldives.

C．240,000 people live on the Hulhumale now.

D．The Hulhumale is surrounded by 9-foot sea walls.

2. Which of the following will Thoriq Ibrahim agree with?

A．The Maldives will be protected.

B．The Maldivians will leave all the islands.

C．The Maldives should give up tourism.

D．The Maldives will sink to the sea.

3. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A．The Maldives and Their Tourism

B．The Maldives and Their Rising Sea Level

C．The Maldives and Their Climate Change

D．The Maldives and Their Fight Against the Rising Sea Level

4. What makes it difficult for the Maldives to exist?

A．Their tourism,fishing and shipping.

B．Their rising sea level and carbon pollution.

C．Their sandy white beaches and coral reefs.

D．Their distant islands and warming oceans.

3 . Around the world, people are realizing the significant problems caused by plastic waste. In the last 65 years, we have become increasingly dependent on plastic. It’s easy to understand why: it’s cheap to produce, light—therefore easy and cheap to transport—and incredibly strong and durable.     1     The microplastics that result from these processes are harmful to the environment. It is also very difficult to recycle; in fact currently only 9% of all the plastic produced has been recycled.

One popular solution to the problem is to ban single-use plastic. In the UK, shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food. A tax has already been placed on plastic carrier bags, which has cut their use by 90%.     2     Some governments have even promised to ban the use of single-use plastic altogether in the not-too-distant future.

Such plans are well-intentioned, but may not be helpful in getting rid of the use of single-use plastic altogether.     3     This is not just because of its low cost. It’s also because, by using dishes, phials (小药瓶) and so on just once, infection and cross-contamination (交叉污染) are minimized. Plastic packaging is also important in the food industry, as it ensures that food is safe for consumers.

Another issue is that alternative(可供替代的) materials are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example.     4     The process requires cutting trees, the emission of greenhouse gases and the production of poisonous chemical waste. Even more pollution is created when paper bags break down.

Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.     5     Industries that rely on single-use plastic for people’s health and safety must be considered. Moreover, alternative materials must be evaluated strictly regarding their own environmental impact.

A．But it’s these advantages that also make it so harmful.

B．They are easily broken and rarely reusable, unlike plastic.

C．It improves the local economy and saves costs in managing litter and waste.

D．One of the fields where single-use plastic has an important role is medicine.

E．However, simply banning the use of single- use plastic may not be the best option.

F．Bans on single-use plastic items like drinking straws are also coming into play.

G．Research shows four times more energy is required to produce a paper bag than a plastic bag.

4 . In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies, including river mouths and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950. Scientists expect oxygen levels to continue dropping even outside these zones as the Earth warms.

“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans,” said Denise Breitburg, marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre. “The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.” “Actually, it’s a great loss to all the services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels, restaurants and everything else. The severe impact of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive,” said Lisa Levin, scientist at the University of California San Diego.

In areas traditionally called “dead zones”, like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets (暴跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they’re easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”. Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, get in the way of reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can thrive(茁壮成长) in “dead zones”, overall biodiversity falls.

Climate change is the key culprit (问题的起因) in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal(海藻的) blooms, which use up oxygen as algae die and break down.

People’s livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war against climate change now and win the war.

1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The Earth becomes warmer and warmer.	B．The amount of sea water is increasing.
C．The coastal water bodies are dangerous.	D．The ocean has been losing its oxygen.

2. What can we infer from Denise Breitburg and Lisa Levin’s words?

A．Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.

B．The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.

C．The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen:

D．The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environmental problem.

3. How do the “dead zones” affect sea animals?

A．They offer more food.	B．They form dangerous gases.
C．They reduce sea animals’ living areas.	D．They produce more carbon dioxide.

4. How can we win the war according to the text?

A．By closing smaller fisheries.	B．By controlling humans’ bad activities.
C．By improving people’s living standards.	D．By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.

5 . As a new mother in 2016, Tash Gorst was scrolling (滚动) through her phone when she fell down the rabbit hole of reading about plastic pollution. Fast-forward to 2019 and she had opened Gather, an organic zero-waste shop.

Customers come to Gather to refill their own containers with everything from rice to beauty products. And it’s not only the produce that is sustainable — the shop is powered by renewable energy and financed by a more sustainable bank, while all the units inside have been made from waste materials, mostly by Gorst herself.

Zero-waste shops have become an increasingly common feature on the streets in recent years. Wherever they have gone, supermarkets now look set to follow, with Morrisons, Marks & Spencer and Waitrose & Partners all recently agreeing to add “refill stations” in shops by the end of 2022. Meanwhile, Asda has introduced refill aisles (通道)to more of its supermarkets following successful trials.

As small startup businesses aiming to make responsible decisions without cutting ethical(道德上的) corners, refill shops tend to be more expensive than supermarkets and chains. Gorst admits that not everyone can afford to buy from them.

“But if you can, you should. You’ll feel good about the small decision that you’ve made on contributing to your local economy and doing something that’s better for the planet,” she says.

Emily Drabble is a regular Gather customer. She buys everything that would “normally be encased in plastic”, from cleaning products to food like pasta, which she puts into glass containers. “When I get home, I love unpacking my shopping, throwing nothing in the bin,” Drabble says.

And customers at refill shops get more than just physical goods, notes Gorst. Besides employing four local people, Gather, for example, holds free events, including a monthly book club for reading about sustainability, workshops for kids and so on. “I also see the refill shop as a place to bring people together,” she says.

1. Why does the author mention Gorst’s reading in paragraph 1?

A．To share a parenting experience.	B．To offer background information.
C．To attach importance to the motivation.	D．To show advantages of digital reading.

2. Which of the following is a significant feature of Gather?

A．It is run in an ecologically friendly way.

B．It sells sustainable goods at bargain prices.

C．It is only favored by customers with a green concept.

D．It differs from supermarkets in low-carbon awareness.

3. What is Drabble’s attitude towards refill shops?

A．Indifferent.

B．Critical.

C．Objective.

D．Enthusiastic.

4. What does the example in the last paragraph imply?

A．People may regard refill shops as fitness clubs.

B．Refill shops ought to share some social responsibilities.

C．People can benefit more from refill shops than expected.

D．Refill shops need to hold various events to increase sales.

6 . Due to climate change and changes in land use, wildfires are predicted to rise by up to 14 percent by 2030, 30 percent by 2050 and 50 percent by the end of the 21st century, and even areas previously unaffected by wildfires such as the Arctic face increased risk, according to a report by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and GRID-Arendal.

The report, “Spreading like Wildfire: The Rising Threat of Extraordinary Landscape Fires”, says that wildfires and climate change are “mutually worsening”. Wildfires are made more serious by climate change through increased drought, high air temperatures, low humidity, lightning and strong winds. Meanwhile, climate change is made worse by wildfires, mostly by damaging sensitive and carbon-rich ecosystems like rainforests.

Wildfires can threaten people’s health and lives, pollute water, destroy crops and reduce land available to grow food. Wildlife, as well as natural habitats, is also rarely spared (幸免). Costs of rebuilding the areas after they are struck by wildfires can be beyond the means of low-income countries. In developing countries, an increase in damaging wildfires may delay progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

The publication calls on governments to adopt a new “Fire Ready Formula”, with two-thirds of spending devoted to planning, prevention, preparedness and recovery and with one-third left for response. Currently, direct response to wildfires typically receives over half of related expenditures (花费), while planning receives less than one percent. “We have to minimize the risk of extreme wildfires by being better prepared: invest more in fire risk reduction, work with local communities, and strengthen global commitment to fighting climate change,” said Inger Andersen, UNEP Executive Director.

The restoration of ecosystems is an important means to reduce the risk of wildfires before they occur. Wetland restoration and the reintroduction of species, building at a distance from plants, and preserving open space buffers (缓冲物) are some examples of the essential investments in prevention, preparedness and recovery.

1. Why does the author speak of the Arctic?

A．To introduce the climate change of it.	B．To warn people of the wildfire damage.
C．To stress the importance of protecting it.	D．To show the rising tendency of wildfires.

2. What can we learn from the report by the UNEP and GRID-Arendal?

A．Wildfires and climate change have bad effects on each other.

B．The researchers are pessimistic about wildfire control.

C．Prevention receives half of related spending currently.

D．Many governments have adopted the new “Fire Ready Formula”.

3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．Wildfire control	B．Reconstruction costs
C．The wildfire damage.	D．The slowing progress.

4. Which might be an example of investments in prevention and preparedness?

A．Calling on more people to donate money.

B．Surrounding busy towns with thick forests.

C．Investing more money in putting out wildfires.

D．Restoring wetlands as well as wildlife species.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the woman invite the man to the beach?

A．To collect some plastic.

B．To see a whale.

C．To relax.

2. Who will deal with the garbage?

A．The community.

B．The government.

C．A recycling company.

3. What is the woman like?

A．Responsible.

B．Lazy.

C．Emotional.

9 . In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common.     1    . However, in thunderstorms, lightning can strike people and buildings and is very dangerous.

It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world.    2    . So what should you do during a lightning storm? Scientists say that a person’s chances of being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000.     3    .

If you are indoors during a thunderstorm:

·Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.

·Don’t stand near the windows.

·Don’t take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.

·Never use the phone.    4    .

If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors:

·    5    . If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.

·Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.

·Never use a cell phone.

A．Actually, many people are killed by lightning every year

B．Try to get home as soon as possible

C．Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously

D．Go into a nearby building or car right away

E．Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you

F．But it is very important for us to learn about lightning

G．Fortunately, you can reduce those chances by following these safety rules

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

California is burning! Wildfires have spread (传播) across the US state and smoke     1     (fill) its skies since Oct 23. Take the Kincade Fire in northern California for example. It forced 200,000 people     2     (escape) from its path within one week.

California has seen many     3     (wildfire) in recent years. Why is this? California has the perfect wildfire conditions, Park Williams,     4     is a US climate expert, told The New York Times. It has dry air and high temperatures from spring through late fall. At     5     same time, seasonal winds blow across the state every year,     6     (cause) the wildfires to spread quickly and last for weeks.

Global warming has also made the fires     7     (bad) than before. It has dried out the state’s trees and other plants, which makes them burn     8     (easy). There are also other causes for California’s wildfires.     9    , it’s humans that have caused 90 percent of them, according    10     the US National Park Service.