1 . India has the world’s worst air pollution. Home to 21 of the world’s 30 most polluted cities, its poisonous air kills more than one million people each year. That’s partly because the South Asian nation is the world’s second largest brick producer. Brick kilns(砖窑)— which account for 20% of black carbon emissions globally—make a significant contribution to its terrible air.
Indian architect Tejas Sidnal was shocked to discover the construction industry’s role in the pollution crisis. “That was a crazy eye opener,”he says, “As architects, we should take responsibility for so much air pollution.”Determined to make construction more sustainable and tackle India’s air pollution, Sidnal launched Carbon Craft Des2019. “We found a way to add value to this recovered carbon by using it as a pigment （颜料，色素）in carbon tiles（瓷砖，瓦片），”he says.
To create the carbon tiles, Carbon Craft Design partnered with Graviky Labs, an Indian company that previously created “Air Ink”, a technology that captures carbon soot from cars and factories, and converts it into ink and paint.” Graviky Labs views pollution as a resource,” company founder Anirudh Sharma tells CNN. “We are one of only a few companies in the world to capture these carbon emissions and turn them into new materials.”
Since launching its first tiles a year ago, Carbon Craft Design’s customers have included global fashion brands and architecture firms in India. In November 2020, the company retrofitted an Adidas store in Mumbai, covering the walls and the floor with its carbon tiles. Architect Manan Gala, whose firm Bombay Contractors designed the Adidas store, describes the carbon tile as a “winner” for the construction industry. “As well as being sustainable, the product has better strength than conventional cement tiles due to the carbon content, and the raw and rustic feel adds to the overall charm,” he says.
“Carbon Craft Design is currently rising investment and hopes to start distribution in Europe this year.” says Sidnal, adding that “We are flooded with inquiries from in and out of India.”
1. What does the author want to tell us by the figures in paragraph 1?| A．Global pollution crisis. |
| B．Brick kilns’ side effects in air pollution. |
| C．Benefits of bricks production. |
| D．Significance of environment protection. |
| A．He cares about crises. | B．He prefers profits. |
| C．He’s a responsible architect. | D．He’s crazy about construction. |
| A．Carbon tiles are stronger than traditional cement tiles. |
| B．“Air Ink” was specially created to produce carbon tiles. |
| C．Global fashion brands and architecture firms join Graviky Labs. |
| D．Many companies can transform carbon emissions into new materials. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Doubtful. | C．Self-critical. | D．Hopeful. |
2 . A new research shows human activity is changing the sound of the Earth's oceans and seas. Scientists say the sound changes of our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many marine (海洋的) animals - from very small shrimps to huge whales.
Sound travels very far underwater, Francis Juanes, an ecologist at the University of Victoria in Canada, told the Associated Press. For fish, he explained, sound is probably a better way to sense their environment than light. Sounds help fish and other marine animals survive and communicate with each other. Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters.
However, increased noise from humans is making it harder for these animals to hear each other. The noise is coming from shipping traffic, underwater exploration, and other noisy human activities. For many marine animals, their attempts to communicate are being masked by sounds that humans have produced. Experts explain that masking happens when one or more noises in the water block sound important to a marine animal's living. The overall number of marine animals has gone down by about half since 1970. Some studies show the stress from human noise might also affect the immune system as well as reproductive health or behavior. Imagine having to raise your kids in a place that's noisy all the time," said Joe Roman, a marine ecologist at the University of Vermont.
"When people think of problems facing the ocean, we often think of climate change, plastics, and overfishing. But noise pollution is another thing we need to be monitoring. Sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean problems," Scientist Juanes says. "If we make something for the ocean, think about how to make it quieter."
1. Why is sound underwater important for ocean animals?| A．It changes with light. | B．It helps them judge and contact. |
| C．It travels very fast. | D．It guides fishermen to find where they are. |
| A．Underwater exploration must be stopped. |
| B．Kids exposed to noise can’t be healthy. |
| C．Human noise brings stress to marine animals. |
| D．Marine animals have got used to sound changes. |
| A．To introduce the principle of sounds. |
| B．To draw attention to ocean noise. |
| C．To show the effects of human activities。 |
| D．To share a method of studying oceans. |
| A．How to protect marine animals. |
| B．What is the main cause of sea pollution. |
| C．How to keep the number of marine animals. |
| D．What to do to reduce sound pollution in the ocean. |
1.活动目的；
2.活动过程（设计海报、听报告等）；
3.活动意义。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
World Oceans Day
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4 . Every day, China imports (进口）different goods from countries across the globe. These imports also include solid waste, such as plastics, paper and metals. They mainly come from countries like the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan.
These goods will no longer be imported next year. China will ban (禁止) all imports of solid waste starting from Jan 1, 2021, said the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
Why does China import this waste? In 1980, China’s economy (经济) was gradually taking off because of the reform and opening — up policy. The country’s factories didn’t have enough raw materials at that time. Therefore. China began importing solid waste. After being processed, it can be turned into materials that are used to make other products.
For years. China has been the world’s largest importer of solid waste, with about 45 million tons arriving each year. Countries that send this waste to China pay about$ 25（163 yuan）to $50 per ton for recycling, China News Agency reported.
Although the waste has helped develop China’s economy, it has brought more risks than benefits. Waste that can’t be used is either burned or buried. The water used to wash the waste is allowed to flow into nearby rivers. This has polluted the air, soil and water, posing a risk to public health, China Daily reported.
China has made some efforts to ban waste since 2017. From 2017 to 2019, imports of solid waste fell by 68 percent, dropping from 42 million to 13 million tons, Xinhua reported.
1. After Jan 1, 2021, what will no longer be allowed in China?| A．Producing solid waste. |
| B．Buying solid waste from abroad. |
| C．Selling metals to other countries. |
| D．Importing plastic products from abroad. |
| A．It costs very little money to recycle solid waste. |
| B．China has made a lot of money by importing waste. |
| C．Many factories used to use solid waste to make products. |
| D．About 45 million tons of waste are processed worldwide each year. |
| A．How solid waste should be dealt with. |
| B．What risks solid waste brought to China. |
| C．What we can do to protect ourselves from waste. |
| D．How solid waste has helped China’s development. |
| A．Wasteful. | B．Effective (有效的). |
| C．Challenging. | D．Expensive. |
5 . Have you always wanted to make your lifestyle more sustainable? Here are a few tips that community activists, zero-waste experts and eco-friendly shop owners recommend specifically for the pandemic (疫情) .
Start with your own mask
Still using disposable (一次性的) masks or N95s? Hoiyin Ip, an environmental activist in Orange County, suggests you transition to a cloth mask that you can wash along with the rest of your laundry. They are reusable, sustainable and generally more comfortable too.
Eat smart
You may be tired of your own cooking and eating at home. When ordering takeout, Ip suggests asking the restaurant to keep its plastic cutlery (餐具).“Before you walk away with your to-go bag, check, look into your bag to see if you have this stuff, and give it back to the restaurant,”Ip said.
Electronic waste
Once your electronic device has worn out, recycle it. Battery collections in California are down a third compared to last year, he said, because many collection spots have closed or reduced hours. He advises collecting old batteries in a bag and recycling them at a drop-off location near you.
Buy in bulk
Environmental advocate Monica Campagna is creatively adapting by purchasing large quantities of her essentials — like rice, pasta and cereal — and refilling a reusable container at home. While she doesn’t get rid of disposables altogether, buying in bulk avoids lots of small plastic bags, and the bigger bags can be reused.
1. Why does Hoiyin Ip suggest using cloth masks?| A．Generally, there is no need to wash. |
| B．You can spend little money on them. |
| C．They are sustainable and more comfortable. |
| D．They’re strong enough to reuse for a long time. |
| A．Walk away with your to-go bag. |
| B．Don’t take away the restaurant’s cutlery. |
| C．Do your best to cook and eat at home. |
| D．Order takeout to avoid waste. |
| A．still use disposable masks or N95s |
| B．usually go to the restaurant to eat |
| C．throw old batteries into dustbins |
| D．purchase large quantities of your essentials |
6 . On March 31, 2007, the World Wildlife Fund（WWF）urged the citizens and businesses in Sydney to switch off all lights for one hour.
As news of the impact spread, more people became inspired to join the Earth Hour movement. In 2008, over 50 million people in over 5,000 cities worldwide observed the event.
Besides making an immediate difference, the WWF says the worldwide participation demonstrates people’s desire to do their share to reverse climate change. In the past decade, the Earth Hour movement has inspired several global initiatives to protect the environment.
Not sure what to do without your gadgets and television for a whole hour?
| A．The numbers have grown since then. |
| B．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. |
| C．Earth Hour is the brainchild of the World Wildlife Fund. |
| D．More than 2 million households responded to the request. |
| E．This includes the establishment of a 2.7 million square meters Earth Hour forest in Uganda. |
| F．The WWF suggests organizing a candlelight dinner for your family or a picnic under the stars. |
| G．While the big changes certainly help, minor lifestyle changes can make a big difference as well. |
1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
| A．A terrible storm. | B．A big earthquake. | C．A heavy rain. |
| A．This morning. | B．Last night. | C．Two days ago. |
| A．The line is busy. | B．The power is down in that area. | C．Her parents are sleeping. |
| A．Houston. | B．New York. | C．Los Angeles. |
8 . A society that lives by the plastic fork may very well die from it. That's how things are looking. Anyway,for a world so used to disposable（一次性的） habits, any hope for a solution(解决方案) also increasingly seems to be buried.
Sure, there have been some hopeful ideas. Boyan Slat, the Dutch inventor developed a plan for Covering the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Not long after it started, Slat's system experienced "material fatigue(疲劳)"-likely the result of being strained(使受到压力) by all that trash-and the task was delayed.
AlI the while, the plastic increases. Its growth is very fast, according to Linda Wang, a professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University. She says, "We'II have more plastic than fish by 2050. " Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.
Publishing their findings in the journal Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, the scientists state that instead of making plastic go away, they can break it down and reuse it, using chemistry to destroy what chemistry brought to the world when plastic was developed back in 1907.
The process uses "supercritical" water-heated to around 450 degrees celsius(842 degrees Fahrenheit),beyond the key point at which distinct liquid and vapor phases(气液态) exist-to boil plastic waste into an oil,the researchers explain. It takes a couple of hours for the supercritical water to complete the transformation, but the result is a kind of oil that can be used as gasoline or fuel. It can also be turned into other products.
The researchers have only made the transformation in a laboratory setting so far, but they suggest turning the process to a commercial scale（规模） may not be far off. And considering the 300 million tons of plastic into the environment every year, that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time.
1. Why is the plastic fork mentioned in paragraph l?| A．To indicate the hopeless future of human life. |
| B．To figure out the solution to reducing plastics. |
| C．To show the seriousness of the plastic problem. |
| D．To tell people to give up an unhealthy lifestyle. |
| A．It proves harmful to the Pacific. |
| B．It has been abandoned completely. |
| C．It has received many people's opposition. |
| D．It met with difficulty while being carried out. |
| A．It can save fish in the ocean. |
| B．It can recycle and reuse plastic. |
| C．It can surely lower the prices of gas and fuel. |
| D．It can make plastic products more affordable. |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Disapproving. |
| C．Cautious. | D．Uncertain. |
1. 具体做法；
2. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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请根据海报内容及以下要点写一份倡议书。
1．环保是我们中学生义不容辞的责任；
2．我们应该养成这些环保习惯；
3．让我们人人都为地球母亲尽一份绵薄之力吧！
