3 . In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground. More than 500,000 solar pumps (泵) have been set up in south Asia over the last few years and a major expansion is planned across sub-Saharan Africa.

Dustin Garrick, professor in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, along with an international team, examined the trend toward solar pumps as a clear opportunity for boosting agricultural yields and reducing poverty, but the opportunity comes with risks.

While replacing electric or gas pumps with solar-powered irrigation holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions (排放), it is not guaranteed. Farmers who have access to these pumps may expand production of crops or diversify into other activities, which are not emissions neutral. Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed. The cheap clean energy of solar pumps may lead to increased groundwater development, without necessarily decreasing overall emissions.

Despite these challenges, the clean-energy boost can serve as a stimulus for positive change in water and energy management but will require enhanced regulation and planning in both low-and high-income settings. Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels.

With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry. The rapid adoption of solar irrigation intensifies the urgency, demanding adaptation from governments and institutions to sail through these complexities.

1. According to paragraph 3, there is a conflict between ________.

A．poor farmers and solar-powered irrigation	B．human consumption and clean energy limits
C．crop diversity and crop production expansion	D．pumping efficiency and groundwater exhaustion

2. What did Garrick and his team suggest for a positive change?

A．Integrating data collection and regulation.	B．Improving carbon emission monitoring.
C．Separating data for land use changes.	D．Establishing groundwater levels.

3. What does the author propose the readers do?

A．Perform as the authorities suggest.	B．Act based on further understanding.
C．Quicken the adoption of solar irrigation.	D．Challenge the groundwater management.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．The Complexities of Adopting Solar Pumps

B．Solar-Powered Irrigation: Farmers’ New Future

C．The Promise and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation

D．Balancing Clean Energy Boost and Poverty Reduction

4 . Invasive species cost the world at least $423 billion every year as they drive plant and animal extinction, threaten food security and worsen environmental catastrophes globally, as a new UN-backed report has found. Human activities — often travel or global trade — are spreading animals, plants and other organisms in new regions, with 200 new alien species being recorded every year.

An alien species becomes invasive when it establishes itself in a new area and creates a negative impact on the local biodiversity and ecosystems. Numerous examples include lionfish impacting local fisheries in the Caribbean, and the giant African land snail taking over villages on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean.

Once an invasive species takes hold, the impacts can be disastrous. The dried-out non-native grasses and shrubs in Hawaii helped fuel the devastating Maui wildfire, one of the deadliest wildfires in modern US history. “Although the specific species that cause damages vary from place to place,” said Anibal Pauchard, co-author of the report, “there are risks and challenges faced by people in every country and in every community — even Antarctica is being affected.”

The climate crisis will only amplify the threat of invasive species, the report said. As well as flammable (易燃的) invasive plants sparking and spreading wildfires, climate change is enabling invasive species to move north — even to remote areas like high mountains and deserts.

But there’s hope. Preventing the arrival of new species into new regions is the best way to manage threats from invasive species. This includes strict import controls and early warning systems to detect and respond to alien species. For invasive species that have already taken hold, eradication (根除) is a useful tool, especially on islands, according to scientists.

1. What do we know about the spread of invasive species from the report?

A．It is a new trend.	B．It costs lots of food.
C．Its speed is fast.	D．Its process is complex.

2. What can be implied from Pauchard’s words?

A．Invasive species are sometimes deadly.

B．Invasive species are responsible for wildfires.

C．The damages caused by different species vary.

D．The impacts of invasive species can be extensive.

3. Which is closest in meaning to “amplify” in paragraph 4?

A．Increase.

B．Analyze.

C．Improve.

D．Apply.

4. What might be scientists’ attitude to controlling invasive species?

A．Conservative.

B．Optimistic.

C．Worried.

D．Skeptical.

5 . 听下面一段对话，根据你所听到的内容判断以下句子是否正确，正确选A，错误选B。
1. According to the news, the town was hit by a severe earthquake.
2. About 3 thousand people died and more than 10 thousand people got injured in the earthquake.
3. They are going to donate money and also send relief supplies to the stricken area.
4. They decide to look for ways to offer help through the Internet.
5. The man feels upset about the disaster.

6 . 假定你是李华，因为环境问题日益严重，你准备在微博、小红书等社交媒体上发起关于绿色生活的倡议，呼吁网友积极参与。请以“Let’s go green!”为题写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1.现存的一些环境问题；
2.倡议的具体行动；
3.合理的开头结尾。
注意：词数80左右。

Let’s go green!

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8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

When Zhou Longshan started filming birds 10 years ago at Baiyangdian Lake,     1     major wetland in northern China, he just wanted to record his favorite species—egrets (白鹭).

Then things snowballed. In the following years, the teacher became a bird watcher, a volunteer ranger at the lake, a photographer     2    (document) over 110 bird species, and an     3     (education) popularizing bird-related knowledge among students.

“Sharing bird-protection knowledge with children can make them feel the     4    (beautiful) of their hometown and the importance of birds, and help them cultivate the habit of protecting birds from an early age,” he said.

Growing up in a local village, Zhou,60, has fond childhood memories     5    (associate) with the wetland.

“When I was a child, the water in Baiyangdian was limpid. The fish and aquatic plants in the water could be seen clearly,” he said. “I often caught fish with my friends, rowed boats and drank the lake water     6     I was thirsty.”

Between the 1960s and 1980s,     7    , Baiyangdian suffered severely from industrial pollution. Chemicals poisoned the water and lake beds, decimating the aquatic life. In the 1990s, the lake     8    (near) dried up due to climate change.

When Zhou became a teacher in the 1990s, the stink from the lake could sometimes be smelled from his village. “The lake became stinking, the population and species of fish and birds decreased, and the locals were unwilling to go near the lake,” he recalled.

Since the Xiong’an New Area was established in 2017, Baiyangdian’s rehabilitation and protection activities     9    (improve) greatly. The water quality has improved from Level Ⅴ-the     10    (low) in China’s five-tier water assessment system-to Level Ⅲ.

Zhou will retire in June. “I will continue patrolling the lake and photographing the birds, to contribute to the protection of birds in my hometown,” he said.

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How many people died in a landslide in 2003?

A．About two hundred.

B．Over one thousand.

C．About two thousand.

2. What has the Philippines banned for several years?

A．Growing grass.

B．Cutting down trees.

C．Growing population.

3. What does the speaker advise to protect our environment?

A．Growing more forests.

B．Chopping down the old forests.

C．Getting busy in protecting our country.