1 . Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
1. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness?| A．People should offer mercy to others. |
| B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. |
| C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. |
| D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. |
| A．To forgive is to love. | B．To dominate is to harm. |
| C．To fight is to grow. | D．To give is to receive. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Reserved. | C．Objective. | D．Skeptical. |
| A．Forgiveness is in our nature. | B．Forgiveness grows with time. |
| C．It takes practice to forgive. | D．Actuality is based on potentiality. |
2 . 听下面一段对话，根据所听内容填空。
He invited me for dinner last
We all know that forgiving yourself and others can bring you peace of mind. Recently, a new study published in the journal Psychology and Health
The results led the researchers to conclude that forgiveness of others and self-forgiveness may help create a
“It is an active process in which you make a decision to let go of negative feelings
So, next time you can’t sleep at night, why not give forgiveness
When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible and it can be beneficial
So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don’t wait for an
I have already forgotten the name of an old lady who was a customer on my paper-delivery route when I was a twelve-year-old boy. Yet it seems like just yesterday that she taught me a lesson in forgiveness that I can only hope to pass on to someone else someday.
On a mindless Saturday afternoon, a friend and I were throwing rocks onto the roof of the old lady’s house. We just wanted to observe how the rocks changed to missiles (导弹) as they rolled to the roof’s edge and shot out into her yard.
I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and sent it for a ride. The stone was too smooth, however, so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small window on the old lady’s back door. At the sound of broken glass, we took off from the old lady’s yard faster than any of our missiles flew off her roof.
I was too much scared! However, a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered, I started to feel guilty. She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the paper, but I was no longer able to act comfortable in her presence.
I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the ten dollars that I thought would cover the cost of her window.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I put the money in an envelope with a letter in it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
The next day, after receiving the paper, she thanked me and said, “I have something for you.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6 . There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In the World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too— that’s why it made Nov16th “International Day for Tolerance”.
But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱)and error; let us pardon each other’s fool— that is the first law of nature.”
Very often, people don’t realize that they’re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women.
It’s worth thinking a little about the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there’s something wrong with them.
Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That’s the reason we should be tolerant. It’s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.
1. What’s the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”?| A．To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people. |
| B．To celebrate the founding of the UN. |
| C．To solve the problem of global warming. |
| D．To change people’s opinion towards globalization. |
| A．Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN. |
| B．Because men are physically stronger than women. |
| C．Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women. |
| D．Because men willing to understand women. |
| A．Because they are hard to pronounce in English. |
| B．Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to. |
| C．Because they can’t be translated into other languages. |
| D．Because they can’t be used in a respectful way. |
| A．Humans are advised to treat others better. |
| B．Humans leant to find faults in others. |
| C．Humans need to give something to others. |
| D．Humans will change their attitudes to others. |
7 . The summer I turned 16, my father gave me a car as a gift. I was very
A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we stopped at the McDonald’s, putting the fries on the seat between us to
| A．moved | B．excited | C．satisfied | D．shocked |
| A．beauty | B．mystery | C．genius | D．helper |
| A．take | B．give | C．share | D．collect |
| A．clear | B．cold | C．cool | D．warm |
| A．power | B．shape | C．place | D．control |
| A．nothing | B．life | C．power | D．rest |
| A．love | B．hobby | C．job | D．interest |
| A．anger | B．sadness | C．doubt | D．quarrel |
| A．caught | B．joined | C．held | D．shook |
| A．damaged | B．hurt | C．injured | D．burnt |
| A．young | B．naughty | C．lucky | D．alive |
| A．ends | B．matters | C．exists | D．works |
| A．silent | B．still | C．friends | D．strangers |
| A．way | B．purpose | C．thought | D．gift |
| A．care | B．notice | C．know | D．observe |
8 . Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.”
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.
| A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. |
| B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. |
| C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. |
| D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. |
| E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. |
| F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. |
| G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. |
9 . On August 23, 2004, the Athens Olympic horizontal bar (单框)final was going on fiercely. Russian Nemov, 28, was the third to compete. He won the audience with the very difficult movement of rising high in the air and grabbing the bar, but when landing, he made a flaw—moving a step forward, so the referees only scored him 9. 725 points.
At this moment, in the history of the Olympic Games, a rare instance appeared: the whole audience kept shouting “Nemov”, “Nemov”, and all rose, waving their arms and booing (嘘) to the referees long and loud. The competition was suspended. The fourth player, American Paul Ham, though ready, could only stand on the spot in embarrassment.
Faced with such a circumstance, Nemov who had withdrawn stood up from his seat, greeted and waved to the audience, bowed deeply and thanked them for their love and support. Nemov's big-heartedness further stirred up the audience's dissatisfaction. More boos rang while some of the audience even threw out their fists with thumbs down making rude moves.
Against this enormous pressure, the referees were forced to score Nemov 9. 762 points. However, such a score could not quiet down the audience; boos sounded again.
Upon this, Nemov displayed his generosity and charm. He returned to the game and raised his right arm and deeply bowed to express his respect and gratitude to the audience. After that, he extended his right index finger to make a gesture for silence, and then pressed his hands down to request the audience to remain calm and give Paul Ham a quiet condition.
Nemov's tolerance set the interrupted game going on.
In that game Nemov didn't get a gold medal, but he was still a "champion"in the eyes of the audience; he didn't defeat the fellow competitors, but he won the audience with his own tolerance.
1. In which movement did Nemov make a mistake?| A．Landing. | B．Grabbing the bar. | C．Rising. | D．Lifting his knees. |
| A．Nemov's imperfect performance. | B．The referees' unfair judgement. |
| C．Some people's continuous boos. | D．The American player's offence. |
| A．managed to set the game going on | B．bowed to the audience to apologize |
| C．appreciated the referees scoring 9. 762 points | D．tolerated the referees' inappropriate decision |
| A．No pains, no gains. | B．Success belongs to the determined. |
| C．A generous heart makes a real hero. | D．The best hearts are always the bravest. |
When someone has
So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something
Next, keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean
