1 . Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. surrounding   B. confidence   C. artificial   D. encouraging E. technologyF. recognized   G. introduced   H. doubt I. launched   J. basic   K. strong

For many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma(香气)consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable     1     smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that     2     customers with the "smell of money" will encourage them to feel relaxed and give them added     3     in the bank’s security and professionalism.

Aroma experts have little     4     that it can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company,       5     the smell of coconuts into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers(自动售货机)that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly     6     customers to come in and have a drink or snack.

“The sense of smell is probably the most     7     of all human senses, “explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. It is certainly true that most people find certain smells unbelievably     8     , stringing(连成一串)memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants can compete. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long     9    , but until recently have been unable to bring it under control.”We’ve made great progress but the     10     of odour(smell)production is still in its infancy(婴儿期), “says O’Rordan, “Who knows where it will take us.”

2 . Manufacturers choose different ways to present their goods for sale. The three main ways of selling goods are direct sales, retail sales, and wholesaling.

Direct sales take place______a store. Direct sales usually take place in the customer's home, although sometimes it's in a business______. Direct sales include the activities of______salespeople and real estate agents. Other______are catalog shopping, telemarketing, and at-home Internet shopping.

The second type of sales-retail sales-take place in______. Department stores, discount chains, supermarkets, hardware stores, car dealerships, drugstores, convenience stores-all of these are retail stores, where consumers______ purchase small quantities of goods. Most manufacturers______to sell their products through retail stores because they're a convenient way for consumers to buy. Consumers can______products and take their purchases with them. They can______or return things easily. They can ask sales clerks for______about products, or about how something works.

The third type of sales is wholesaling-where goods are sold______the retail or direct-sale price. Wholesale prices are lower because customers are buying in large______or in a low overhead setting. Wholesalers______in a variety of ways. Some have their own outlet stores where they sell directly to consumers. Others send sales______to retail stores that buy goods at wholesale prices and then______them up for resale. Because it's difficult for a manufacturer to contact every buyer directly, wholesaling is the most practical method for the widespread distribution of goods.

1.

A．close to

B．away from

C．free from

D．well within

2.

A．setting

B．school

C．community·

D．deal

3.

A．face-to-face·

B．heart-to-heart

C．round-the-clock

D．door-to-door

4.

A．models

B．samples

C．examples

D．guides

5.

A．markets

B．offices

C．stores

D．homes

6.

A．immediately

B．constantly

C．directly

D．willingly

7.

A．choose

B．refuse

C．guarantee

D．happen

8.

A．survey

B．inspect

C．estimate

D．assess

9.

A．replace

B．restore

C．substitute

D．exchange

10.

A．praise

B．criticism

C．money

D．advice

11.

A．above

B．below

C．at

D．from

12.

A．debt

B．quantities

C．spaces

D．budgets

13.

A．operate

B．function

C．expand

D．boom

14.

A．representatives

B．talk

C．managers

D．cheques

15.

A．give

B．bring

C．pick

D．mark:

3 . When I travel the country speaking to high school and college students about exactly what they need to do to become financially successful in life, I always begin my presentation by asking three questions:

“How many want to be financially successful in life?”

“How many think they will be financially successful in life?”

Almost every time I ask the first two questions every hand rises in the air. Then I ask the magic third question:

“How many have taken a course in school on how to be financially successful in life?”

Not one hand rises in the air, ever. Clearly every student wants to be successful and thinks they will be successful but none have been taught by their parents or their school system how to be financially successful in life. Not only are there no courses on basic financial success principles but there are no structured courses teaching basic financial literacy. We are raising our children to be financially illiterate and to fail in life. Is it any wonder that most Americans live paycheck to paycheck? That most Americans accumulate more debt than assets? That many Americans lose their homes when they lose their job? Is it any wonder that most Americans cannot afford college for their children and that student loan debt is now the largest type of consumer debt?

What's worse is what our children are being taught by their parents, the school system, politicians and the media. They are teaching our children that the wealthy are corrupt, greedy, have too much wealth and that this wealth needs to be redistributed. What kind of a message do you think that sends to America's future generation? It is teaching them that seeking financial success by pursuing the American Dreams is a bad thing.

The statistics from my five-year study on the daily habits that separate the wealthy from the poor illustrate the fact that the poor are poor because they have too many Poverty Habits and too few Rich Habits. Poor parents teach their children the Poverty Habits and wealthy parents teach their children the Rich Habits. We don't have a wealth gap in this country, we have a parent gap. We don't have income inequality, we have parent inequality.

Parents and our schools need to work together to instill good daily success habits as follows:

•Limit T. V., social media and cell phone use to no more than one hour a day.

• Require that children read one to two educational books a month.

• Require that children set monthly, annual and 5-year goals.

• Require that children save at least 25% of their earnings or gifts they receive.

• Teach children the importance of relationship building by requiring them to call friends, family, teachers, coaches etc. on their birthdays and to send thank you cards for gifts or help they received from anyone.

• Reassure children that mistakes are good not bad.

• Children need to learn how to manage money.

• Teach children how to manage their time.

1. What's the writer's purpose of raising the three questions at the beginning of the presentation?

A．To show children's ambition to lead a successful life.

B．To attach importance to financial success.

C．To blame parents, teachers, and the media for the lack of courses about money management.

D．To emphasize the association between financial success and financial literacy.

2. What does the underlined word “accumulate” mean in the context?

A．Get used to.

B．Increase.

C．Pay back.

D．Borrow.

3. Which of the following belongs to the good daily habits mentioned in the passage?

A．Parents open up a checking account or savings account for children and force them to use their savings to buy the things they want.

B．Children understand that the very foundation of success in life is built on learning from parents' mistakes.

C．Children spend no more than 1 hour per day on Internet use.

D．Children are required to create daily “to do” lists and these lists are monitored by parents.

4 . One of the major problems in our economy is inflation, a situation in which prices are going up faster than wages. Thus, a person has to work more hours to pay for the same items.

For example, let's say that this year a loaf of bread costs S1. 00 and the average salary in the United States is $10. 00 per hour. That means a person could earn enough money to buy a loaf of bread in one-tenth of an hour, or six minutes. Then, halfway through the year, the price of the bread goes up to $1.25, while wages stay the same.

That means that a person now has to work one-eighth of an hour-seven and a half minutes-to buy the same loaf of bread.

Now let's say that at the end of the year, wages go up to $11. 00 per hour, but the price of bread goes up to $1.50. Now a person has to work more than one-seventh of an hour-over eight minutes -to buy the same loaf of bread. As you can see, if more and more work time is spent earning money to buy loaves of bread, employees will have less money left over to buy other things. Inflation means that the same money buys fewer things, and everybody's standard of living goes down, even if salaries are going up.

Some kinds of inflation are worse than others. Moderate inflation does not distort relative prices or incomes severely. Galloping inflation happens rapidly, say at a rate of 100 percent or more within a year. And then there is hyperinflation-inflation so severe that people try to get rid of their currency before prices rise further and render the money worthless. Times of hyperinflation are usually characterized by social and political disorder.

1. What is the main purpose of the article?

A．To list major economic problems.

B．To discuss some effects of inflation.

C．To explain why bread prices increase.

D．To classify the types of inflation.

2. Why does the writer talk about the loaf of bread?

A．To complain about the rising price of bread.

B．To illustrate the effect of price changes.

C．To compare bread with other foods.

D．To explain the cause of social and political disorder.

3. What happens when prices go up but salaries remain the same?

A．The government will regulate the economy.

B．People will save money rather than spend it.

C．Workers might lose their jobs if they complain.

D．People must work longer to buy the same things.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word or phrase that best fits each blank.

Buyers from 1990s Top Confidence Chart

China's post-1990 consumers posted the highest consumer confidence in the second quarter of the year,    1    their optimism on job prospects, personal finance and willingness to spend, the latest survey from consultancy The Nielson Co showed on Friday.

Their consumer Confidence Index stood at 110, higher than    2    of any other age group, followed by the post-1960 (108) and post-1980 (105) generations, according to the survey.

“The post-1990 consumers are    3    (open) to new things and have a strong willingness to spend, therefore creating lots of opportunities for all types of businesses,” said Eva Ng, vice-president of Nielson Greater China.

“Moreover, they don't have a high brand loyalty.    4    they don't have too much money at the moment, they will emerge as a very important consumption power within five years,” she added.

According to the survey, 25 percent of people    5    (bear) in the 1990s are willing to buy new products, higher than the generation born in the 1980s (19%) and 1970s (21%).

Online shopping is extremely popular among the post-1990 segment. The survey showed that 93 percent of them    6    (shop)online in the past three months,and 71% of them will go online shopping in the next six months.

The overall Nielson Consumer Confidence index increased one point to 106 in the second quarter,    7    (indicate)that Chinese consumers are adjusting to the new norm(标准)of economic growth and their confidence level    8    (remain)stable,the consultancy said.

“Nielson's research shows not only that the economy has been adjusted to a comparatively lower growth with a better quality,but also    9    consumers have adjusted their consumption habits    10    (adapt)to this new trend,” said Yan Xuan,president of Nielson Greater China.

6 . Directions: Read the following passage Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more. sentences than you need.

In1800, only three percent of the world's population lived in cities. Only one city-Beijing-had a population of over a million. Most people lived in rural areas, and never saw a city in their lives. In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 million people lived in cities, and the world's ten largest cities all had populations exceeding one million. By 2000, the number of city dwellers exceeded three billion; and in 2008, the world's population crossed a tipping point-more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities. By 2050; that could increase to over two-thirds.     1    

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negatively-crowded, dirty environments full of disease and crime. They feared that as cities got bigger, living conditions would worsen. In recent decades, however, attitudes have changed. Many experts now think urbanization is good news, offering solutions to the problems of the Earth's growing population.

Harvard economist Edward Glaeser, author of The Victory of the City, is one such person. Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because ''the absence of space between people'' reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas.    2     Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.

Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand. Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land. This leaves more space for open country, such as farmland.    3     Their roads, sewers, and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light. Most importantly, people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.

    4     The challenge is how to manage the growth.

A．Modern cities gradually destroyed the social relations between farmers and city dwellers.

B．While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas.

C．The effects of urban living on people should be taken into serious consideration.

D．So it's a mistake to see urbanization as evil; it's a natural part of development.

E．City dwellers(居民)also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside.

F．Clearly, humans have become an urban species.

7 . The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.

Starbucks literally changed the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ________ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ________ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and ________ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma (浓香) all ________ the “Starbucks Experience”.

Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”, ________ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.

_____ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ________ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ________ to creating for its customers — a kind of “third place” where they can ________, reflect, read, chat or listen.

The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ________ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ________ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging; the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.

Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ______: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets, ________ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ________ life.

But the ________ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.

1.

A．people

B．managers

C．customers

D．clients

2.

A．assured

B．promised

C．ensured

D．predicted

3.

A．emergency

B．environment

C．employment

D．customer

4.

A．consisted of

B．benefited from

C．contributed to

D．headed for

5.

A．going beyond

B．coming across

C．making up

D．depending on

6.

A．With regard to

B．In addition to

C．Compared with

D．In terms of

7.

A．general

B．reasonable

C．legal

D．fascinating

8.

A．committed

B．alerted

C．subjected

D．required

9.

A．negotiate

B．perform

C．conceal

D．escape

10.

A．imagination

B．inspiration

C．patent

D．philosophy

11.

A．creates

B．cultivates

C．credits

D．conveys

12.

A．brand

B．logo

C．possession

D．experience

13.

A．greedily

B．gently

C．persistently

D．indifferently

14.

A．busy

B．easy

C．miserable

D．energetic

15.

A．product

B．vision

C．essence

D．importance

8 . Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it , it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; _____ the workers in government offices who   _____ our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves. _____ taxation, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.

_______ everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about ________ taxation should be arranged.

In most countries, a direct tax on _____, which is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a ______ that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows ______ as the taxpayer’s income grows. In some countries, for example, the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninety-five per cent!

And countries with taxation nearly ____ have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties” Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops _____. really have to pay the duties, in the ______ of higher prices. In some countries, ______, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is ______ but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things ______ jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is _______ as the rich pay it.

Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement.

1.

A．nor

B．neither

C．never

D．not

2.

A．look into

B．look over

C．look after

D．look through

3.

A．In accordance with

B．By means of

C．With reference to

D．On account of

4.

A．If

B．When

C．Though

D．As

5.

A．when

B．how

C．why

D．which

6.

A．persons

B．sectors

C．communities

D．classes

7.

A．form

B．way

C．measure

D．method

8.

A．quicker

B．speedier

C．more

D．larger

9.

A．periodically

B．almost

C．often

D．always

10.

A．which

B．who

C．what

D．whom

11.

A．manner

B．form

C．means

D．way

12.

A．either

B．also

C．too

D．often

13.

A．lent

B．saved

C．borrowed

D．collected

14.

A．alike

B．like

C．as

D．for

15.

A．heavier

B．fairer

C．finer

D．better

9 . Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The sights, sounds, and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental. More likely, they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called “sensory marketing” to create an emotional association to a(n) ______ product or brand.

By relating to people in a far more ______way through everyone’s own senses,   sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.

Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider______ product factors like price, features, and utility. Sensory marketing, by contrast, seeks to resort to the consumer's life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people, as consumers, will act according to their emotional urge more than to their ______ reasoning. In this way, an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product, rather than a plain but cheap ______.

In the past, communications with customers were mainly monologues — companies just ‘talked at’ consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues, with customers providing ______. Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations, with products finding their own voices and consumers responding ______ to them.

Based on the implied messages received through five senses, consumers, without noticing it, tend to apply human-like personalities to brands, leading to intimate relationship and, hopefully for the brands, persistent ______. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster in customers rather than instant trend or profits.   Most brands are considered to have either "sincere" or "exciting" personalities.

"Sincere" brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while "exciting" brands like Apple, and Ferrari are as imaginative and ______. In general, consumers tend to form ______ relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones. This explains the relatively enduring history of the “Sincere Brands”

Certainly, with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the ______cells in a person's body, sight is considered the most important of all human senses. Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable "sight experience" of the product for consumers which extends to packaging, store interiors, and printed advertising to form a(n) ___ image for the brand.

In other words, no aspect of a product design is left to ______ anymore, especially color. Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand—does the color ______ the product at all?   If not, customers, though not realizing it themselves, will _____ the brands in all possible ways sales, reputation, etc.   Therefore, brands, isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?

1.

A．specific

B．qualified

C．average

D．adequate

2.

A．economic

B．personal

C．artificial

D．mechanic

3.

A．obvious

B．potential

C．accessible

D．concrete

4.

A．imaginable

B．objective

C．psychological

D．gradual

5.

A．alternative

B．reward

C．sample

D．exhibit

6.

A．compliment

B．fund

C．prospect

D．feedback

7.

A．temporarily

B．subconsciously

C．occasionally

D．attentively

8.

A．loyalty

B．philosophy

C．endurance

D．regulation

9.

A．mild

B．daring

C．steady

D．classic

10.

A．far-fetched

B．hard-won

C．long-lasting

D．easy-going

11.

A．individual

B．sensory

C．present

D．general

12.

A．overall

B．ambitious

C．dramatic

D．additional

13.

A．chance

B．maintenance

C．progress

D．leadership

14.

A．accept

B．overlook

C．fit

D．treat

15.

A．shape

B．punish

C．signify

D．exploit

10 . The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations, with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship. In the beginning, the games were open only to _______. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity - from sports to science or the arts - is purely for ________. Amateurs, whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professionals, ________, perform their work in order to earn a living.

From the perspective of many athletes, ________, the Olympic playing field has been far from fair. Restricting the Olympics to amateurs has excluded the participation of many who could not afford to be _______. Countries have always desired to send their best athletes, not their ________ ones, to the Olympic Games.

A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee ________ his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gold and a bronze medal. College scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee made it possible for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the ________ of amateur became still less clear. Their athletes did not have to ________ work and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.

In 1971 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ________ the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the ________ necessary to train and compete. In 1986, the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.

There are those who ________ the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games ________ something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation(命名) of amateurism was always ________; they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the ________ over what constitutes(组成) an amateur will continue for a long time.

1.

A．amateurs

B．professionals

C．men

D．women

2.

A．survival

B．fame

C．profit

D．pleasure

3.

A．at all costs

B．by contrast

C．as a result

D．at first

4.

A．however

B．therefore

C．furthermore

D．instead

5.

A．punished

B．trained

C．unpaid

D．educated

6.

A．youngest

B．smartest

C．strongest

D．wealthiest

7.

A．booked

B．extended

C．financed

D．cancelled

8.

A．value

B．definition

C．origin

D．use

9.

A．balance

B．begin

C．change

D．restrict

10.

A．restored

B．created

C．removed

D．studied

11.

A．field

B．support

C．organization

D．team

12.

A．regret

B．investigate

C．explain

D．welcome

13.

A．displayed

B．carried

C．retain

D．lost

14.

A．reasonable

B．questionable

C．unbelievable

D．valuable

15.

A．debate

B．complaint

C．concern

D．inquiry