【推荐2】Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.

Students in the study became _______ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not _______ it.

Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on _______   making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the _______ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”

Thinking about fast food increases _______ for time-saving products. “More _______, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _______ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”

Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was _______. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _______ versions after seeing the logos. When asked weather they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __________ reward after being exposed to the brands.

Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __________ The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food __________ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__________, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”

“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __________ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __________ at all.”

1.

A．hungry

B．stressful

C．anxious

D．timid

2.

A．recognize

B．investigate

C．diagnose

D．recall

3.

A．motivation

B．appearance

C．emotion

D．behaviour

4.

A．common

B．unconscious

C．primary

D．temporary

5.

A．preferences

B．implications

C．ingredients

D．intentions

6.

A．naturally

B．strikingly

C．fortunately

D．personally

7.

A．gain

B．proof

C．respond

D．attention

8.

A．concealed

B．imposed

C．edited

D．marked

9.

A．separate

B．special

C．expensive

D．original

10.

A．potential

B．constant

C．intense

D．instant

11.

A．cultivation

B．resistance

C．satisfaction

D．awareness

12.

A．in terms of

B．on account of

C．regardless of

D．with respect to

13.

A．In other words

B．On the contrary

C．For example

D．In addition

14.

A．promoting

B．assuming

C．insulting

D．assessing

15.

A．chance

B．sense

C．rush

D．harm

【推荐1】Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The sights, sounds, and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental. More likely, they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called “sensory marketing” to create an emotional association to a(n) ______ product or brand.

By relating to people in a far more ______way through everyone’s own senses,   sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.

Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider______ product factors like price, features, and utility. Sensory marketing, by contrast, seeks to resort to the consumer's life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people, as consumers, will act according to their emotional urge more than to their ______ reasoning. In this way, an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product, rather than a plain but cheap ______.

In the past, communications with customers were mainly monologues — companies just ‘talked at’ consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues, with customers providing ______. Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations, with products finding their own voices and consumers responding ______ to them.

Based on the implied messages received through five senses, consumers, without noticing it, tend to apply human-like personalities to brands, leading to intimate relationship and, hopefully for the brands, persistent ______. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster in customers rather than instant trend or profits.   Most brands are considered to have either "sincere" or "exciting" personalities.

"Sincere" brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while "exciting" brands like Apple, and Ferrari are as imaginative and ______. In general, consumers tend to form ______ relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones. This explains the relatively enduring history of the “Sincere Brands”

Certainly, with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the ______cells in a person's body, sight is considered the most important of all human senses. Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable "sight experience" of the product for consumers which extends to packaging, store interiors, and printed advertising to form a(n) ___ image for the brand.

In other words, no aspect of a product design is left to ______ anymore, especially color. Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand—does the color ______ the product at all?   If not, customers, though not realizing it themselves, will _____ the brands in all possible ways sales, reputation, etc.   Therefore, brands, isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?

1.

A．specific

B．qualified

C．average

D．adequate

2.

A．economic

B．personal

C．artificial

D．mechanic

3.

A．obvious

B．potential

C．accessible

D．concrete

4.

A．imaginable

B．objective

C．psychological

D．gradual

5.

A．alternative

B．reward

C．sample

D．exhibit

6.

A．compliment

B．fund

C．prospect

D．feedback

7.

A．temporarily

B．subconsciously

C．occasionally

D．attentively

8.

A．loyalty

B．philosophy

C．endurance

D．regulation

9.

A．mild

B．daring

C．steady

D．classic

10.

A．far-fetched

B．hard-won

C．long-lasting

D．easy-going

11.

A．individual

B．sensory

C．present

D．general

12.

A．overall

B．ambitious

C．dramatic

D．additional

13.

A．chance

B．maintenance

C．progress

D．leadership

14.

A．accept

B．overlook

C．fit

D．treat

15.

A．shape

B．punish

C．signify

D．exploit

【推荐2】Globalization: Good or Bad?

Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple _______is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic _______over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.

Improved income?

An argument_______globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, where per capita income(人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000._________per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become_________ .

However, these sorts of_______might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a_________improvement.

More imports, more exports

Supporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports_________imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) _______ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.

__________ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of good and, __________, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.

__________development

Finally, globalization often__________   a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which__________ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).

Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the __________ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.

1.

A．indication

B．principle

C．definition

D．factor

2.

A．systems

B．solution

C．crisis

D．growth

3.

A．in favor of

B．on account of

C．with regard to

D．in honour of

4.

A．Fortunately

B．Similarly

C．Undoubtedly

D．Unusually

5.

A．freer

B．greater

C．stronger

D．wealthier

6.

A．figures

B．descriptions

C．countries

D．benefits

7.

A．severe

B．slight

C．further

D．general

8.

A．overtake

B．qualify

C．fight

D．require

9.

A．two-way

B．all-inclusive

C．official

D．legal

10.

A．Supporters

B．Advocates

C．Critics

D．Authorities

11.

A．otherwise

B．nevertheless

C．therefore

D．besides

12.

A．Global

B．Industrial

C．National

D．Economical

13.

A．encourages

B．restricts

C．forbids

D．forces

14.

A．stop

B．continue

C．fail

D．refuse

15.

A．globalization

B．transformation

C．specialization

D．identification

【推荐3】A true reality of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble ______ can be dangerous.

For example, eight years into this bull market, expecting stocks to deliver as strong returns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless ______.

Another potential ______ assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. ______, less than 15 percent of today's retirees kept working that long.

"If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble," says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. "It should be a ______ to a solid savings and spending plan, not the foundation."

It's simply too ______ to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies found that nearly two-thirds of retirees left the workforce earlier than expected because they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percent of retirees who ______ the work force earlier than they expected did so because they felt they could ______ afford to.

______, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined (倾向于) to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee ______ retirement: $50,000.

Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can ______   overall workforce costs by 1 percent to 1.5 percent. That's not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers may be more inclined to focus on "financial wellness" strategies to get workers ready to retire ______ than programs to help workers delay retirement.

Fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by TCRS report their employer has some sort of "transition" program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or ______ to a different role.

"Workers' vision of retirement is changing faster than employers' business ______," said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase the ______ they can continue to work longer, if that's part of the plan.

1.

A．pessimism

B．optimism

C．concern

D．consideration

2.

A．relying on

B．holding back

C．accounting for

D．turning down

3.

A．reliable

B．possible

C．flawed

D．firm

4.

A．As a result

B．In addition

C．Needless to say

D．By comparison

5.

A．complement

B．composition

C．compliment

D．comprehension

6.

A．ridiculous

B．sensible

C．risky

D．logical

7.

A．extended

B．exited

C．existed

D．remained

8.

A．economically

B．mentally

C．financially

D．physically

9.

A．However

B．Therefore

C．Instead

D．Moreover

10.

A．delays

B．expects

C．gets

D．decides

11.

A．influence

B．decrease

C．increase

D．transform

12.

A．later

B．sooner

C．faster

D．slower

13.

A．shifting

B．altering

C．ranging

D．functioning

14.

A．deals

B．practices

C．customs

D．operations

15.

A．prospect

B．capabilities

C．odds

D．outputs

【推荐1】What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or spent or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no ______ over, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? That’s an easy question, you say. Wherever you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is more than that. Americans see time as a ______ resource. Maybe that’s why they are fond of the expression, “Time is money.”

Because Americans believe time is a limited resource, they try to conserve and manage it. People in the U.S. often attend lectures or read books on time ______ . It seems they all want to ______ their time better. Professionals carry around pocket planners—some in electronic form to keep ______ of appointments and deadlines. People do all they can to ______ more life out of their time. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed this view best: “Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.”

To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing ______ for other people’s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the ______. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be ______ on time.

American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks ______. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is ______. Also, people ______ to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed. The time may ______, but most folks think twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.

Even Americans would admit that no one can master time. Time—like money—______ all too easily through our fingers. And time—like the weather— is very hard to ______. Nevertheless, time is one of life’s most precious gifts. And unwrapping it is half the fun.

1.

A．effect

B．sense

C．control

D．notice

2.

A．natural

B．valuable

C．financial

D．forceful

3.

A．management

B．establishment

C．Experiment

D．movement

4.

A．Spare

B．pass

C．organize

D．kill

5.

A．track

B．account

C．secret

D．diary

6.

A．drive

B．push

C．release

D．squeeze

7.

A．respect

B．gratitude

C．sympathy

D．concern

8.

A．excuse

B．accident

C．delay

D．schedule

9.

A．extremely

B．thoroughly

C．automatically

D．exactly

10.

A．on average

B．in advance

C．for sure

D．on purpose

11.

A．convenient

B．accessible

C．casual

D．flexible

12.

A．fail

B．tend

C．hesitate

D．hate

13.

A．change

B．vary

C．extend

D．range

14.

A．spends

B．disappears

C．shrinks

D．slips

15.

A．capture

B．predict

C．announce

D．classify

【推荐2】Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.

Students in the study became _______ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not _______ it.

Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on _______   making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the _______ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”

Thinking about fast food increases _______ for time-saving products. “More _______, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _______ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”

Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was _______. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _______ versions after seeing the logos. When asked weather they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __________ reward after being exposed to the brands.

Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __________ The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food __________ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__________, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”

“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __________ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __________ at all.”

1.

A．hungry

B．stressful

C．anxious

D．timid

2.

A．recognize

B．investigate

C．diagnose

D．recall

3.

A．motivation

B．appearance

C．emotion

D．behaviour

4.

A．common

B．unconscious

C．primary

D．temporary

5.

A．preferences

B．implications

C．ingredients

D．intentions

6.

A．naturally

B．strikingly

C．fortunately

D．personally

7.

A．gain

B．proof

C．respond

D．attention

8.

A．concealed

B．imposed

C．edited

D．marked

9.

A．separate

B．special

C．expensive

D．original

10.

A．potential

B．constant

C．intense

D．instant

11.

A．cultivation

B．resistance

C．satisfaction

D．awareness

12.

A．in terms of

B．on account of

C．regardless of

D．with respect to

13.

A．In other words

B．On the contrary

C．For example

D．In addition

14.

A．promoting

B．assuming

C．insulting

D．assessing

15.

A．chance

B．sense

C．rush

D．harm