1 . Human history is full of horse stories like guiding cowboys home on foggy nights and taking wounded soldiers through battle zones. Such sensible and highly trained horses made Elina Jatel, a computer scientist and roboticist, think of robots. “A horse that can take a rider home on its own would be the highest level of autonomy,” Jatel says. “You trust them with your life.” She was drawn to learning how such relationships form and if it could help improve human-robot interactions.
For a year, Jatel engaged herself in the horse world. She watched classes in horse training, and she also talked with students, instructors, trainers and horse owners. Along the way, Jatel even learned to ride.
Horses learn signals from their trainers on how to comfortably interact with people. People, too, must learn their part. Riders must learn what a horse wants or feels based on its behavior, and what signals to use to direct horses to perform in desired ways. Jatel found some similarities, here, to working with robots. People must learn how to direct robots to do specific tasks. They also must learn what to do when robots don’t perform as planned. The goal is to program robots that will respond predictably to inputs from people. But like horses, autonomous robots also should be able to respond on their own as conditions change. For example, a self-driving car must stop to avoid hitting something, even if some human mistakenly tells it to keep going.
Trainers and riders work with horses to build respect. Horses show that respect by matching their pace to a human or giving someone who is leading them a safe degree of personal space. Trainers begin their work with a horse by getting them to show signs of respect in basic interactions, Jatel says. Later, trainers will develop more complex interactions. Gradually, a horse’s respect can grow into trust.
But that trust is not given. And there may be a similar limitation with robots. What would it mean for robots and people to respect and trust each other? For now, she adds, this is largely uncharted territory. But she’s looking to build a path.
1. What drew Elina Jatel’s attention to horses?| A．Horses’ amazing performance. | B．Long history of horse training. |
| C．Horse-human interdependence. | D．Her horse-riding experience. |
| A．To act like real horses. | B．To show respect to humans. |
| C．To follow instructions from humans. | D．To make independent and sensible decisions. |
| A．The limitations of robots. | B．Trust between robots and humans. |
| C．Path toward higher robot efficiency. | D．Similarities between horses and robots. |
| A．History of Human-Horse Relationship | B．Secrets of Human-Animal Interactions |
| C．The Role of Trust in Human-Robot Partnerships | D．Horses as the Inspiration for Autonomous Robots |
2 . Some beaches are perfect for relaxing, while others offer activities like hiking and water sports. Visit these beautiful beaches for an unforgettable vacation.
Cannon Beach
If your perfect beach vacation spot features postcard-worthy scenery and peace, look no further than Cannon Beach. In this Pacific Northwest town, you can even build a fire on the beach to relax beside while watching the sun set. When you need a break from the beach, grab a bike and head downtown to explore its art galleries, shops and restaurants.
Horseshoe Bay Beach
For a one-of-a-kind beach experience, head to Horseshoe Bay Beach on Bermuda’s South Shore. Known for its pink sand, this beach is a popular destination for families looking to play in the calm blue-green waters and build blush-colored sandcastles. Adventure seekers can also take part in the self-guided island bicycle tour or engage in exciting water sports.
Mohegan Bluffs
This beach is famous for its natural beauty. Upon arrival, pause to admire your surroundings and learn about its ties to the native people, their ancient traditions, and connection to the land, adding depth to your beach experience. Then, take the 141 steps down to the sand to sunbathe. After that, climb back up to visit the Southeast Light for an up-close view of its 18th-century lighthouse.
South Beach
This tropical district on Florida’s Atlantic Coast is world-renowned for its powdery white sand. Although technically part of the Miami Beach area, South Beach stands out due to its Art Deco architecture seen in everything from the beachfront lifeguard towers to the high-rise buildings along the famed Ocean Drive.
1. What similarity do Cannon Beach and Horseshoe Bay Beach share?| A．The chance to cycle around. | B．Their lively artistic scene. |
| C．The unique water sports. | D．Their distinctive sand color. |
| A．Those seeking water sports. | B．Fans of modern lighthouses. |
| C．Those interested in local culture. | D．Enthusiasts of mountain climbing. |
| A．Its beach sand. | B．Its architectural style. |
| C．Its ocean drive. | D．Its high-rise buildings. |
Life is a series of unpredictable events. One man, who suffered a severe injury while on the job, underwent a life-changing and first-of-its-kind medical procedure, and the trials and hardships have changed his entire outlook. James, a 46-year-old Arkansas native, was familiar with what it was like to go through such situations and turn into a changed man, both on the inside and the outside.
It was one day in June when James had his entire life changed forever. While on the job, James was attempting to transfer wires to a new electrical pole. However, James’s face touched a live wire, sending more than 7,000 volts of electricity into his body.
The injuries from the incident were deadly. Half of his face was blown off. He was left without his left eye and his nose. Additionally, doctors had to remove part of his arm and several of his teeth. That period was an extremely difficult time for James and his family.
The injury had left him unable to eat solid food. The only way for him to consume food was to sip (吸) soup from a straw. He ended up losing more than 70 pounds.
James, a husband and a father of one kid, often questioned the entire situation. “I got pretty down and went through the whole ‘Why me?’ I broke down, and I cried,” James said.
But then James and his family received a little hope. They learned about the possibility of a face and eye transplant (移植). James met with the professional doctors. They did a thorough examination about James’s situation and considered about the potential risks. Fortunately, James was judged to be a perfect patient for the transplant.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
So the surgery was ready.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Days later, he was allowed to look into the mirror．
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4 . It’s normal for teenagers to feel nervous, but if nervousness prevents you from speaking up in class or making friends, you may have a common condition known as social anxiety disorder. To overcome it, you need to take some measures.
Practice deep breathing to ease anxiety. If anxiety hits before a presentation or right before the bell rings to change, take a few deep breaths to calm down.
Try to make eye contact and smile at people. Making casual conversation with other kids at school may seem too difficult.
Channel your anxiety into a creative activity.
Practice exposing yourself to fearsome situations gradually.
| A．Sign up for a band, drama, or art. |
| B．Talk to trusted ones and ask for their help. |
| C．Thus, avoid face-to-face communication at first. |
| D．You can’t expect to be free of anxiety overnight. |
| E．You can start by trying to present yourself as approachable. |
| F．Sit down with a trusted person and list the situations that cause anxiety. |
| G．This is a handy tool you can always use to get a handle on your anxiety. |
5 . Climate change poses a particular threat to children and youth, starting before birth and potentially influencing the normal development of physiological systems and emotional skills in ways that are sometimes irreversible (无法逆转的), according to a report released by the American Psychological Association (APA) and ecoAmerica. The serious impacts of climate change, such as weather disasters, can cause trauma (心理创伤) and post-traumatic stress disorder in the short term, and many longer-term mental health challenges in the absence of proper treatment, the report says.
The effect of extreme weather events resulting from climate change can interrupt normal fetal (胎儿的) development and lead to a greater risk of anxiety or depressive disorder, and lower levels of self-control. The list of possible climate change-related mental health struggles expands as children get older, according to the report.
The impacts of climate change interact and combine with other factors that threaten youth mental health, which is already in danger. These factors include child development, parental health, rates of depression, anxiety, poverty, housing security, inadequate nutrition, and access to medical care, according to the report.
“If our responsibility to ensure a safe climate and great future for our children and future generations was not clear enough, this report brings it into vivid relief. My hope is for anyone caring for children-especially policymakers-to join me in following its guidance,” said Meighen Speiser, executive director of ecoAmerica and a coauthor of the report.
This new report builds on the prior Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Inequities, and Responses report, published in 2021. “Since the publication of the 2021 report, concerns about the mental health impacts of climate change have grown among scientists, health professionals, policymakers and the public, and the effects on children and youth are more noticeable,” said APA CEO Arthur C. Evans Jr. , PhD. “Psychology, as the science of behavior, will be of great importance to making the changes that are vital to slow and stop its advance. ”
1. What does the author say about youth mental health?| A．It is already under many threats. |
| B．It reflects a lot of social problems. |
| C．It differs a great deal from age to age. |
| D．It is the biggest concern of the society. |
| A．It reminds us to take good care of our children. |
| B．It calls on people to join in the fight against pollution. |
| C．It clarifies the need to control climate change for future. |
| D．It urges policymakers to provide guidance on climate change. |
| A．The study of youth health has sped up. |
| B．The climate is worsening faster than ever before. |
| C．The development of psychology needs more attention. |
| D．The impact of climate change-related mental health may be improved. |
| A．Global Climate Changes |
| B．Threats to Children’s Health |
| C．Mental Challenges Faced With Babies |
| D．Impacts of Climate Change on Kids’ Mental Health |
6 . As a kid, Kara McGrath had to have her “pocket cheese” into jackets so she could have it on the go. In college, she blew her budget on fancy cheese during grocery runs with roommates. And when she got married, she served her guests a flowery, four-tiered cake made from wheels of blue cheese. So it wasn’t a surprise when she quit a stable job to pursue a career as a cheesemonger (干酪商).
In 2019, McGrath joined a cheese catering business. There, she gained experience making display boards and leading tasting sessions. But a typhoon hit and took away their wooden shop as well as the community’s business. Her partner decided to turn to other business, leaving McGrath unsure of her next steps.
“There’s not a ton of cheese options in D. C. ,” she said. “My whole thing was, if I can’t find a place to work, I’m going to build it.” She created a cheese club, featuring virtual guided tastings, working first at her home, then in a rented shared kitchen space. As her following grew,she expanded with holiday markets, and when she saw that a wine bar on H Street had closed,she seized the opportunity and rented it.
Today, she’s the owner of Paste and Rind, a cheese and wine bar on H Street in Washington, D. C. , which opened in February after she emptied her 401K to fund the decoration of the space. To build a good reputation, she’s created regular tastings of limited-release cheeses in their bar, which sold out in August and will be offered monthly starting in October. And she doesn’t depend only on walk-in customers: Paste and Rind regularly appears at local farmer’s markets, offers custom cheese food for events and exhibits a subscription box.
As a self-taught enterpriser, MeGrath follows cheese experts on Instagram, connects with peers at the Cheesemonger Invitational in New York and listens to restaurant strategy programs. They’re excited to expand their business further, such as hiring full-time staff to increase the wine bar’s hours and exhibit at bigger occasions like weddings, where she might find herself with another full-circle cheese wheel moment.
1. What can we learn about McGrath from the first paragraph?| A．She was a born businessman. |
| B．Her marriage influenced her greatly. |
| C．She was a big fan of cheese. |
| D．Her previous job was a very challenging one. |
| A．She set up her own business. | B．She decided to find a partner. |
| C．She rented a bar immediately. | D．She lost faith in doing business. |
| A．By displaying the products. | B．By hosting tasting activities. |
| C．By advertising in local events. | D．By offering free cheese to farmers. |
| A．Ambitious and adaptable. | B．Generous and responsible. |
| C．Independent and considerate. | D．Enthusiastic and cooperative. |
7 . Karen Collingsworth doesn’t just make a great cup of coffee. She also smiles, listens and
When Karen’s car was
Donors expressed their
The GoFundMe campaign collected nearly $40,000! While the majority of
When asked the reason for her
| A．cooperates | B．interacts | C．bargains | D．competes |
| A．eager | B．able | C．hesitant | D．suitable |
| A．stolen | B．updated | C．broken | D．repaired |
| A．sell | B．reserve | C．decorate | D．replace |
| A．rejected | B．contributed | C．remembered | D．assessed |
| A．run out | B．flow back | C．dry up | D．pour in |
| A．worry | B．regret | C．appreciation | D．expectation |
| A．by nature | B．by heart | C．by mistake | D．by chance |
| A．preference | B．intelligence | C．presence | D．acceptance |
| A．sweetest | B．simplest | C．bravest | D．freest |
| A．desperately | B．initially | C．definitely | D．temporarily |
| A．praise | B．donation | C．advice | D．invitation |
| A．strangers | B．customers | C．students | D．workmates |
| A．careful | B．ignorant | C．aware | D．proud |
| A．innocence | B．creativity | C．sympathy | D．popularity |
1．让你印象深刻的人物；
2．观看纪录片后，你的感受和收获。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。
What I Learnt From the Outstanding Contemporary Figures
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9 . The parents’ interpersonal strength, such as kindness, love, and social intelligence, is one of the salient points in nurturing their children. As social psychologist John Bowlby puts it, “We do as we have been done by.”
Here is the example of my grandmother. When other children came over to play with my mother, my grandmother would fix them delicious butter sandwiches-the crusts (面包皮) delicately removed from the bread for “the guests” but unavoidably left on for her own children. This is how we ought to treat guests in our home-guests are worthy of kindness, but you are not. The kindness that my grandmother modeled and instructed her children to emulate (效仿) was not ultimately what they experienced - kindness was seen but not felt.
Generally, we often treat others the way we ourselves were treated. So much of what we learn as children and adults is experience-dependent. First-hand experience, especially when repeated over time, literally shapes the brain and nervous system, with downstream consequences for the way we engage with the world around us, deal with emotions, and behave socially.
We don’t learn to love by being instructed to love; we learn to love by experiencing love. We don’t learn kindness by being told to be kind; we learn kindness by experiencing kindness in our darkest moments. Recent research shows that children who received help while playing a game were more likely to share with another child, possibly motivated by feelings of gratitude to the person who helped them. They could learn that they don’t just repay the kindness but they need to pay it forward.
This transforms one of the key questions about raising kids: Perhaps we should ask not how to teach our children kindness, but how we want our children to experience kindness from us. If we want to create a kinder society, we might start with policies that ensure kinder treatment of kids. This means reimagining our education and foster care systems around compassion and support. Science tells us that experiences of kindness in childhood have long-term, biological, intergenerational effects on children’s development; our parenting and political systems should reflect the science.
1. What does the underlined word “salient” in the first paragraph mean?| A．Obvious. | B．Important. | C．Interesting. | D．Controversial. |
| A．Understandable. | B．Instructive. | C．Disappointing. | D．Impractical. |
| A．Action speaks louder than words. |
| B．Kindness makes better cooperation. |
| C．It is important to repay others’ kindness. |
| D．Gratitude is a motivation for helping others. |
| A．To give suggestions on parenting. |
| B．To call on people to learn science. |
| C．To show the advantages of being kind. |
| D．To offer evidence supporting his point of view. |
The oldest art forms in China are music and dance. Music played
Theatre, once the most important popular art form in China, remains important for some people. However, in recent years, its popularity
Chinese theatre originated in early religious dances,
