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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有消息称,英国司法部计划扫描1.1亿人的遗嘱,并在25年后销毁一小部分原件,这一消息震惊了历史学家。官员们指出,这一变化将在保留所有重要信息的同时具有经济效益,但是学者们有不同看法。

1 . The way of recording things has never ceased to develop. In the 1980s, as sales of video recorders went up, old 8mm home movies were gradually replaced by VHS (video home system)tapes. Later, video tapes of family holidays lost their appeal and the use of DVDs ______. Those, too, have had their day. Even those holding their childhood memories in digital files on their laptops now know these files face the risk of ______.

Digitising historical documents brings huge benefits—files can be ______ and distributed, reducing the risk of their entire loss through physical damage caused by fire or flooding. And developing digital versions reduces ______ on the original items. The International Dunhuang Project, ______, has digitised items like manuscripts (手稿) from the Mogao caves in China, enabling scholars from around the world to access records easily without touching the real items.

But the news that the Ministry of Justice of the UK is proposing to scan the 110 million people’s wills it holds and then destroy a handful of ______ after 25 years has shocked historians. The ministry cites this as a way of providing easier access for researchers. But that only justifies digitisation, not the ______ of the paper copies. The officials note the change will be economically efficient (saving around £4.5m a year) while keeping all the essential information.

Scholars ______. Most significantly, physical records can themselves carry important information — the kind of ink or paper used may be part of the history that historians are ______. and error s are often made in scanning. Besides, digital copies are arguably more ______ than the material items, just in different ways. The attack from the Internet on the British Library last October has prevented scholars from ______ digitised materials it holds: imagine if researchers could not return to the originals. Some even think digitised information can easily be lost within decades no matter what ______ are put in place.

The government says that it will save the original wills of “famous people for historic record”, such as that of Princess Diana’s. However, assuming that we know who will ______ to future generations is extraordinarily proud. Mary Seacole, a pioneering nurse who now appears on the national school course in the UK, was largely ______ for almost a century.

The digitisation of old documents is a valuable, even essential measure. But to destroy the originals once they have been scanned, is not a matter of great ______, but of huge damage.

1.
A.pausedB.boomedC.recoveredD.disappeared
2.
A.getting outdatedB.coming into styleC.being finedD.making an error
3.
A.deletedB.namedC.copiedD.altered
4.
A.fight or flightB.life or deathC.wear and tearD.awe and wonder
5.
A.unfortunatelyB.additionallyC.in summaryD.for example
6.
A.the originalsB.the essentialsC.the visualisedD.the digitised
7.
A.preservationB.classificationC.publicationD.destruction
8.
A.applaudB.disagreeC.discriminateD.withdraw
9.
A.revisingB.abandoningC.uncoveringD.enduring
10.
A.meaningfulB.favourableC.resistantD.delicate
11.
A.inventingB.adjustingC.accessingD.damaging
12.
A.outcomesB.safeguardsC.deadlinesD.byproducts
13.
A.matterB.respondC.loseD.live
14.
A.sparedB.discussedC.forgottenD.protected
15.
A.sacrificeB.courageC.efficiencyD.admiration
2024-05-15更新 | 59次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约450词) | 较难(0.4) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了预知梦是否能够预测未来的可能性以及相关的科学和心理学观点。

2 . Precognitive dreams are dreams that seemingly predict the future which cannot be inferred from actually available information. Former US President Abraham Lincoln once revealed the frightening dream to his law partner and friend Ward Hill Lamon, “…Then I heard people weep… ‘Who is dead in the White House?’ I demanded. ‘The President,’ ‘he was killed!’…” The killing did happen later.

Christopher French, Professor in the Department of Psychology at Goldsmiths, stated the most likely explanation for such a phenomenon was coincidence (巧合). “In addition to pure coincidences we must also consider the unreliability of memory”, he added. Asked what criteria would have to be met for him to accept that precognitive dreams were a reality, he said, “The primary problem with tests of the claim is that the subjects are unable to tell when the event(s)they’ve dreamed about will happen.”

However, some claimed to make such tests practicable. Professor Caroline Watt at the University of Edinburgh, has conducted studies into precognitive dreaming. She stated that knowing future through dreams challenged the basic assumption of science — causality (relationship of cause and effect).

Dick Bierman, a retired physicist and psychologist, who has worked at the Universities of Amsterdam, Utrecht and Groningen, has put forward a theory that may explain precognitive dreams. It is based on the fact that when scientists use certain mathematical descriptions to talk about things like electromagnetism (电磁学), these descriptions favour the belief that time only moves in one direction. However, in practice the wave that is running backwards in time does exist. This concept is called the time symmetry, meaning that the laws of physics look the same when time runs forward or backward. But he believes that time symmetry breaks down due to external conditions. “The key of the theory is that it assumes that there is a special context that restores the broken time-symmetry, if the waves running backwards are ‘absorbed’ by a consistent multi-particle (多粒子) system. The brain under a dream state may be such a system where broken time-symmetry is partially restored. This is still not a full explanation for precognitive dreams but it shows where physics might be adjusted to accommodate the phenomenon,” he explains.

Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.

1. According to French, what makes it difficult to test precognitive dreams?
A.Unavailability of people’s dreams.
B.That coincidences happen a lot in reality.
C.That criteria for dream reliability are not trustworthy.
D.People’s inability to tell when dreamt events will happen.
2. Believers in precognitive dreams may question the truth of ________.
A.the assumption of causalityB.the time symmetry
C.memories of ordinary peopleD.modern scientific tests
3. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A.Lincoln was warned of the killing by his friend
B.Watt carried out several experiments on causality
C.researches on electromagnetism are based on the time symmetry
D.time’s moving in two directions may justify precognitive dreams
4. Which might be the best title of the passage?
A.Should Dreams Be Assessed?
B.Can Dreams Predict the Future?
C.How Can Physics Be Changed to Explain Dreams?
D.Why Should Scientists Study Precognitive Dreams?
2024-05-04更新 | 125次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
阅读理解-六选四(约250词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了网络上很多人声称自己给自己贴上了抑郁症或类似的病症的标签,说明了这一行为所带来的影响。

3 . Addiction to Labeling

Maybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety. depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves.

These days, labeling is everywhere.     1     However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist.

If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “    2     Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds.

    3     “Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult.

Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable.     4     And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do.

A.Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids.
B.It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do.
C.There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis.
D.Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online.
E.Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience.
F.The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual.
2024-05-03更新 | 35次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
4 . 这位摄影师觉得去热门景点拍照没意思,他已计划好要去沙漠找灵感。(instead) (汉译英)
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2024-05-02更新 | 38次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
5 . 她原以为没多少人会来体育馆看比赛,结果看台上座无虚席。(it) (汉译英)
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2024-05-02更新 | 29次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
翻译-整句汉译英 | 适中(0.65) |
6 . 大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。(tend) (汉译英)
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2024-05-02更新 | 33次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
书面表达-概要写作 | 适中(0.65) |
7 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Why Willing to Wait?

First it was the fried chicken. Then a variety of fancy milkshakes. No matter what time it is or how bad the streets smell, there are plenty of people waiting in line for hours to get their hands on the food that everyone’s talking about. If you are not the type of person crazy for trendy foods, you probably wonder why someone would like to wait in a long line just to get a taste of a popular cream tea. There is a bit of psychology behind the craze of waiting before getting one’s chopsticks on a trendy food.

People are born curiosity hunters, especially for fresh ideas, according to some experts. At the sight of a long waiting line, they just can’t help having a try. And when the trendy foods are novel in looks and favors, even innovative in their sales environment, the desire for them is upgraded. All those stimulate people to investigate more—to deal with their curiosity.

In addition, having access to something that is sought out but hard to possess equips people with a feeling that improves their self-definitions. When someone is envied due to something he gained with efforts, his self-worth gets enhanced. Although it is yet to be determined whether the number of likes he receives on the photos of foods he’s posted online is connected with the level of envy from on-lookers, that feeling automatically becomes stronger.

Even more, “mob psychology” comes into play: when many people are doing something—waiting in line for the sought-after milkshakes, for instance —others are eager to be part of the group and share such a type of social familiarity, kind of like the natural pursuit of a sense of belonging. Tasting the same wait-worthy food has something in common.

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2024-05-02更新 | 30次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约270词) | 较易(0.85) |
文章大意:这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些参观缪尔森林的注意事项。

8 . Welcome to Muir Woods! This rare ancient forest is a kingdom of coast redwoods, many over 600 years old.

How to get here?

People using personal vehicles must have reservations before arriving at the park. (Details at www.gomuirwoods.com.)

Muir Woods National Monument is open daily, 8 a. m. to sunset. Stop by Visitor Center to get trails (路线) and program information, and to take in exhibits.

What’s your path?

Enjoy a walk on the paved Redwood Creek Trail (also called Main Trail). Choose short, medium, or long loops (环线). Other trails go deep into Muir Woods and Mount Tamalpais State Park.(Refer to the map of Muir Woods on the right for details.)

Ready to explore more?

Muir Woods is part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which includes Marin Headlands, Alcatraz, the Presidio, and Ocean Beach. Download the app at www.nps.gov/goga.

Stay safe and protect your park.

Wi-Fi and cell service are not available. ·Watch for poisonous plants and falling branches. ·Do not feed or disturb animals. ·Fishing is prohibited in the park. ·Do not mark or remove trees, flowers, or other natural features. ·Go to the park website for more safety tips and regulations.

Accessibility

We make a great effort to make facilities, services, and programs accessible to all. For information, go to Visitor Center, ask a ranger, call, or check our website.

More Information

Muir Woods National Monument www.nps.gov/muwo Mill Valley, CA 94941-2696

1. Muir Woods will probably attract ________.
①redwood lovers       ②hunting lovers       ③fishing lovers       ④hiking lovers
A.①②B.③④C.①④D.②③
2. What can be learned from the passage?
A.Muir woods is surrounded by highland and ocean beaches.
B.Visitors can read electronic maps using Wi-Fi in Muir Woods.
C.Visitors are advised to call Visitor Center for safety tips and regulations.
D.Reservations should be made if visitors drive private cars to Muir Woods.
3. According to the map of Muir Woods, ________.
A.Bridge 4 is the farthest from the parking lots of all bridges
B.Mill Valley is located on the southwest side of Muir Beach
C.Bootjack Trail can lead one to Visitor Center from Bridge 3
D.food and gifts can be bought on various sites in Muir Woods
2024-05-02更新 | 42次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约400词) | 较易(0.85) |
文章大意:这是一篇人物传记,讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、科学兴趣、重要理论以及他的个人生活。

9 . Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear; he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates.

In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.

Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit(经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.

Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.

Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages.

1. What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species?
A.Examining plants and animals collected.
B.His desire for a voyage to different continents.
C.Classifying samples in a journey to South America.
D.His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University.
2. We can learn from paragraphs 1 to 3 that Darwin ________.
A.used natural selection to develop new species
B.enjoyed being called nicknames related to science
C.learned some knowledge about plants when studying medicine
D.argued with others over the diversity of life forms for a long period
3. Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species?
A.That he had ten children in all.B.His youngest son’s being disabled.
C.That he lost his eldest daughter.D.His marriage with Emma Wedgwood.
4. This passage is mainly about ________.
A.Darwin’s passion for medical scienceB.Darwin’s theory and experiments
C.Charles Darwin’s changing interestD.Charles Darwin’s life and work
2024-05-02更新 | 51次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们发现了揭示一个人疼痛程度的大脑信号,他们表示,这项工作是朝着治疗持久疼痛患者的新疗法迈出的一步。这是研究人员首次破译了患者持续疼痛背后的大脑活动。
10 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accompanied       B. allowed       C. feasibly       D. fueled
E. intensity       F. option       G. prompting       H. routine
I. surgically       J. underlying       K. varied

Brain Signals for Lasting Pain

Brain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.

It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity     1     patients’ lasting pain. That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other     2    . “We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,” said Prasad Shirvalkar, lead researcher on the project at the University of California.

Lasting pain affects nearly 28 million adults in the UK alone, and the causes are     3    . ranging from cancer to back problems. That being the case, lasting pain has     4     a rise in taking powerful painkillers. But no medical treatments work well for the condition,     5     experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.

For the latest study, Shirvalkar and his colleagues     6     implanted electrodes(电极) into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs. The devices     7     the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions— the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset. Several times a day, the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the     8     of pain, meaning how strong the pain was, and then record their brain activity. These scientists, armed with the survey responses and brain recordings, found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC. “We found very different brain activity     9     severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,” said Shirvalkar. The finding may explain, at least in part, why     10     painkillers are less effective for lasting pain. “The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”

2024-05-02更新 | 31次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
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