4 . But the weather was exceptionally bad and on 17 January 1915, the Endurance got______ in ice. (用适当的词填空)

5 . John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, was followed ten years later by A.B. Guthrie’s The Way West. Both books record a migration, though that of Guthrie’s pioneers is considerably less bleak (没有希望的) in origin. What strikes one at first glance, however, are the commonalities. Both Steinbeck’s and Guthrie’s characters are primarily farmers. They look to their destinations with nearly religious enthusiasm, imagining their “promised” land the way the Biblical Israelites envisioned Canaan. Both undergo great hardship to make the journey. But the two stories differ clearly in origin. Steinbeck’s Oklahomans are forced off their land by the banks that own their mortgages (抵押借款), and they follow a false promise— that jobs as seasonal laborers await them in California. Guthrie’s farmers willingly remove themselves, selling their land and trading their old dreams for their new hope in Oregon. The pioneers’ decision to leave their farms in Missouri and the East is frivolous and ill-founded in comparison with the Oklahomans’ unwilling response to displacement. Yet it is they, the pioneers, whom our history books declare the heroes.

1. From the context of the passage, it can be determined that the word frivolous most nearly means ______.

A．silly.

B．careful.

C．difficult.

D．unexpected.

2. Which of the following sentence can best illustrate “Both undergo great hardship to make the journey.”?

A．The migrants in The Way West cross the Missouri, then the Kaw, and make their way overland to the Platte.

B．The Oklahomans’ jalopies (破旧的汽车) break down repeatedly, while the pioneers’ wagons need frequent repairs.

C．Today’s travelers would consider it a hardship to spend several days, let alone several months, getting anywhere.

D．The Joad family in The Grapes of Wrath loses both grandmother and grandfather before the journey is complete.

3. Which of the following is an important difference between Steinbeck’s and Guthrie’s characters?

A．Steinbeck’s and Guthrie’s characters are primarily farmers.

B．Steinbeck’s migration was forced, while the Guthrie farmers chose to leave their land.

C．They look to their destinations with nearly religious enthusiasm, imagining their “promised” land the way the Biblical Israelites envisioned Canaan.

D．none of these

4. The language in the paragraph implies that which of the following will happen to the Oklahomans when they arrive in California?

A．They will find a means to practice their religion freely.

B．They will be declared national heroes.

C．They will not find the jobs they were promised.

D．They will realize their dreams when reaching the city.

6 . 这个自然保护区位于中国西北地区，以其美丽与神秘闻名于世，它的自然景观令人叹为观止。(locate) (汉译英)

7 . If people actually embrace the concept of stress, it can make them stronger, smarter and happier, a Stanford expert says.

One reason why how you think about stress matters is that it changes how you _________ stress. Viewing stress as _________ leads people to cope in ways that are less helpful, whether it’ s dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.

_________, viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive, whether it’s tackling the source of stress, _________ social support or finding meaning in it.

Choosing to see the upside of stress isn’t about _________ the fact that stress can be harmful. It’ s about trying to balance your mindset so that you feel less overwhelmed and _________ about the fact that your life is stressful. Psychologists have found that the ability to embrace stress requires a high _________ for uncertainty. You have to be able to understand that two _________ opposite things can be true at the same time. It can be true that _________ something stressful can make you sick or depressed, and it can also be true that the same stressful experience can ultimately make you stronger, more compassionate and more resilient over time.

Stress is most likely to be harmful when the following conditions are__________: it feels against your will, out of your control and utterly lacking in meaning. If you can __________ any of these conditions — by finding some meaning in it — you can reduce the harmful effects of stress.

Rather than being a sign that something is wrong with your life, feeling stressed can be a( n) __________ of how engaged you are in activities and relationships that are personally meaningful.

One simple mindset reset that can help us face and find the good in the stress in our lives is to view it as a( n) __________to learn and grow. The ability to learn from stress is__________ into the basic biology of the stress response. This is why putting people through practice stress is a key __________ technique for NASA astronauts, emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.

1.

A．contribute to

B．agree to

C．respond to

D．object to

2.

A．beneficial

B．distracting

C．reliable

D．harmful

3.

A．In fact

B．In contrast

C．What’s more

D．After all

4.

A．seeking

B．arousing

C．requiring

D．embracing

5.

A．draining

B．analyzing

C．reversing

D．denying

6.

A．confused

B．unfortunate

C．hopeless

D．serious

7.

A．tolerance

B．demand

C．anxiety

D．preference

8.

A．generally

B．seemingly

C．inevitably

D．significantly

9.

A．putting off

B．coming up with

C．taking care of

D．going through

10.

A．present

B．controversial

C．constant

D．equal

11.

A．mask

B．alter

C．enhance

D．trace

12.

A．code

B．origin

C．monument

D．indicator

13.

A．vacancy

B．substitute

C．opportunity

D．illustration

14.

A．turned

B．built

C．broken

D．divided

15.

A．instrumental

B．conflicting

C．intentional

D．training

8 . 近年来减少中小学生过重的学业负担和课外辅导是公众主要关注的问题。(concern) （汉译英）

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. nutritional   B. objected   C. sustainable   D. comparison   E. motivational   F. projected G. necessarily   H. popularity     I. unsweetened       J. previously   K. source

Plant-based Milk

There are nutritional differences between types of milk, from oat to soy to cow’s. Plant-based milks have been growing in     1     for years, but the nutritional content of different milks and milk alternatives vary, with disagreements between brands too. The global dairy alternatives market is     2     to grow from $22.25 billion in 2021 to $53.97 billion in 2028, according to a report by Fortune Business Insights. In February 2022, the world’s first potato milk launched in the UK, which bills itself as “the most     3     plant-based dairy alternative on the market.”

While some people choose dairy alternatives, cow’s milk is an excellent     4     of calcium, protein, and vitamin D. It’s also working better than water when people feel thirsty, according to a small study by St Andrews University in Scotland. However, some people stay away from dairy because of intolerance of the mouthfeel or environmental concerns, and for some, the     5     factor is health. Nutritional reports of milks vary, with some offering more fiber, fat, protein, carbs, sugar, and calories than others.

Dietitians recommend choosing fortified plant-based milks. Plant-based milks are not     6     “healthier” than dairy, and when following a plant-based diet, dietitians recommend ensuring your dairy-free milk alternatives are fortified with essential vitamins and minerals. “Fortified means that they are added by the manufacturer and so will be on the ingredients list, or advertised on the front,” dietitian Nichola Ludlam-Raine     7     told Insider.

“Choose milk alternatives that are fortified with vitamins such as vitamin B12 and vitamin D, in addition to the minerals calcium and iodine,” she said. The     8     content of milk varies in terms of protein, carbs, and fiber. Cow’s milk, for example, contains lots of calcium and vitamin D, as well as protein. Soy milk is often fortified with calcium, and is also high in protein. For the purpose of this     9    , Insider selected popular brands of each milk, selecting     10     options wherever possible, per cup. Here’s some nutritional information on our website to bear in mind when choosing which milk to have in your coffee, on your cereal, or alongside a cookie.