1.目前现状。
2.原因和影响。
3.发出倡议。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文相关。
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An Initiative Letter to All Students
Dear Students,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Amazon rainforest, known as the “lungs of the Earth”, is a vital ecosystem that is home to a variety of species of animals and plants. However, human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming pose a grave threat to its
Pompeii is an alarming example.
Dead Pompeii is hard to recreate, but the living Amazon is worth
3 . Rose lived in a dull, gray village where life was black and white. The little girl always felt
One day while walking down the street, she saw Eric, a former classmate, in a red car, and he stopped and invited pleasantly, “Hop in, take you for a ride!”
Rose was a little hesitant, but Eric’s
The next day, she rushed to a store, purchased some colorful paint and
Until then Rose also noticed the green trees along the roads and the
| A．peaceful | B．blue | C．green | D．odd |
| A．shape | B．impact | C．change | D．protect |
| A．appealing | B．unexpected | C．passive | D．willing |
| A．confirmed | B．excited | C．scared | D．requested |
| A．constructed | B．painted | C．restored | D．reserved |
| A．grey | B．formal | C．colorful | D．local |
| A．sky | B．sun | C．rain | D．cloud |
| A．imagine | B．design | C．draw | D．chase |
| A．personally | B．technically | C．typically | D．slightly |
| A．repaired | B．dusted | C．decorated | D．crashed |
| A．amazed | B．confused | C．proud | D．unsatisfied |
| A．wait for | B．defend against | C．cut back | D．follow suit |
| A．lost | B．picked | C．blooming | D．unforgettable |
| A．hung | B．flown | C．thrown | D．fallen |
| A．significance | B．difference | C．consequence | D．entertainment |
4 . Go Recycling
No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity and pollution of air, soil and water.
To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, encourage greener eating and reduce plastic use.
A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world—of the more than 100billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled.
Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts.
| A．Governments ought to do something responsibly. |
| B．It is humans that caused the serious consequences. |
| C．We should realize that a key theme linking all the three problems is waste. |
| D．However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. |
| E．It is high time for people from all walks of life to take the issue into consideration. |
| F．That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid immediate attention. |
| G．That means some solutions aiming at one problem each time are unlikely to be effective. |
5 . A small group of Cuban dive instructors (潜水教练) have started a project to grow coral (珊瑚) and replant it. The divers hope to restore part of Cuba’s barrier reef (堡礁). And they are working with limited financial support and using materials recovered from the coast.
Luis is one of the project’s leaders. The 44-year-old fisherman grew up on Cuba’s north coast. He said, “It’s unbelievable to see the loss of coral in the past 30 years.” He added, “Our dream is to make the parts of the barrier reef that have lost their coral grow again.”
To make that happen, Luis worked with other div e instructors and neighborhood schoolchildren with the support from Cuba’s environmental organizations—Cubas National Aquarium and the Cuban environmental program Ecovalor. They began assembling pieces of coral spread across the ocean floor after large storms three years ago. The pieces were then hung on branches of underwater “trees” made from old plastic pipes and supported by fishing lines recovered from the coast. They were then “replanted” on the coral reef, fixed by nails driven into the rock. In a year, most survive and grow enough to repopulate the part of the barrier reef between 60 to 80 meters in length.
“It’s a project that takes time,” said co-worker Michel Soto. He said the project has done better than expectations even with little financial support and limited equipment in Cuba.
Like many coral reefs around the world, the ones in Cuba are threatened by changing water temperatures, destructive plants and animals, pollution and over-fishing. It is reported that the world has already lost 30 to 50 percent of its coral reefs.
Karine is a French div er who just visited Cuba for the first time. She said the reef looked better than others she had seen on dives elsewhere in the world, including in Africa. “The coral needs to be protected,” she said after two dives on a recent trip to nearby Varadero. She said, “It’s good to see that in Cuba they take care of what they have, and that it is still not too affected by too much tourism.”
1. What do you think of Luis’s group?| A．They are experienced idealists. | B．They are goal-oriented dreamers. |
| C．They are self-confident specialists. | D．They are determined problem-solvers. |
| A．collecting | B．fixing | C．planting | D．removing |
| A．To predict the result of the project. | B．To prove the necessity of the project. |
| C．To call on more people to join the project. | D．To state the economic benefit of the project. |
| A．It is offered enough material support. | B．It is a governmental rescue operation. |
| C．It is tough but rewarding in the long term. | D．It is expected to protect the whole barrier reef. |
6 . From the giant armadillo (仇狳) to the giant bison (野牛), many large plant eaters have been wiped out in the past 50,000 years. Now a study has found that the continents that lost the most of these giant herbivores (食草动物) had the biggest increases in wildfires in grasslands.
“There is evidence today that herbivores can limit fire by reducing the fuel load,” says Allison Karp at Yale University. In fact, some supporters of rewilding argue that restoring large herbivores can help reduce wildfires.
A few studies have already found that there were more fires in specific regions after the loss of giant herbivores during the past 50,000 years. Karp and her colleagues decided to look at the global picture by analyzing two existing databases. One, called HerbiTraits, has information on all herbivores larger than 10 kilograms that have lived in the past 130, 000 years. The other, called the Global Paleofire Database, has records of charcoal deposited (木炭沉积) in lakes from 160 sites worldwide, which show changes in fire activity nearby.
The team found that the biggest increases in fire activity were in the continents that lost the most big herbivores, such as South America, with smaller increases in the continents where there were fewer extinctions, such as in Africa.
Karp says her study cannot tell us anything about the effects of this increased fire activity. But other studies suggest that they were dramatic. After humans wiped out Australia’s giant herbivores, for instance, increased fire activity may have transformed the continent’s vegetation (植被).
The reasons for the loss of so many giant herbivores around the world during this period are still debated. It’s clear that many were hard hit by climate changes related to the last ice age, but human hunting may have been the killer factor in most cases.
1. Why do some people hope to bring in more herbivores?| A．To increase forests and grasslands. | B．To reduce wildfires to some degree. |
| C．To collect information on all herbivores. | D．To prevent extinctions of smaller animals. |
| A．fewer herbivores died out | B．there was thicker vegetation |
| C．more plant eaters went extinct | D．there were more charcoal deposits |
| A．Increase in wildfire worldwide. | B．Global warming. |
| C．Decrease in the grassland. | D．Human hunting. |
| A．To introduce the current situation of giant herbivores. |
| B．To show the effects giant herbivores have on wildfires. |
| C．To explain the importance of wildfires to giant herbivores. |
| D．To discover the reasons for the decrease of giant herbivores. |
7 . Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the World Wide Web, once said, “I hope we will use the Net to cross barriers and connect cultures.” Nowadays, how important has Internet become in our lives on earth? The Pew Research Center conducted a survey to celebrate the Web’s 25th birthday. The researchers were greatly heartened by what they found.
“In 2006 only 14 percent of American adults used Internet. Today, it’s 87 percent,” said Lee Rainie, the director of the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project. “It is what has impressed us the most.”
The survey also showed that 70 percent of the Internet users have been treated kindly or generously online, while 25 percent of respondents said they have been treated unkindly. More than half—56 percent—of users said they’ve seen an online community come together to help someone solve a problem. 25 percent said they’ve left an online group because members were too unpleasant.
When Pew asked questions about whether being online has enriched people’s relationships—or not—the results were very positive: 67 percent of Internet users said their online communication with family and friends has generally strengthened those relationships. Only 18 percent said it has generally weakened those relationships.
According to the survey, 53 percent of Internet users said Internet has become the hardest tech tool to give up. It is 15 percent higher than the result of a similar survey conducted in 2006. In fact, more people said they would have a harder time stopping using Internet than giving up TV. (These days, so much great television streams across the Internet that it makes sense.)
“In our survey, we have found that the Web makes a few people very unhappy. There’s strong evidence pointing to the fact that Internet users tend to compare their daily lives with the highlight moments’ of their friends’ lives,” said Lee Rainie. “It’s really silly.”
1. Why is Tim Berners-Lee’s quote mentioned?| A．He is the father of the Web. | B．The reality is opposite to his hope. |
| C．It reveals the significance of the Net. | D．Barriers about the Net remain to be solved. |
| A．Severe addiction to the Internet. | B．Kind and generous communities. |
| C．The improved family relationships. | D．A growing number of Internet users. |
| A．stating the arguments | B．giving examples | C．analyzing reasons | D．listing data |
| A．It’s harder to give up TV than Internet. |
| B．To satisfy all users is the goal of the Web. |
| C．It’s advised to treat posts with an ordinary mind. |
| D．Posting daily highlights online should be forbidden. |
8 . The following charities advocate protecting our precious environment. It’s a starting place, but don’t stop here.
Rocky Mountain Institute
Rocky Mountain Institute has made notable achievements in its comparatively short history. In2017, it worked with India’s leadership and government to plan for 100% vehicle electrification(电气化) by 2030. They also provided research that resulted in new U. S. fuel-efficiency standards for trucks, which were expected to cut over one billion tons of CO₂ emissions. Its five-year plan to quicken low-carbon energy transition (转变) was published in early 2018.
Greenpeace Fund
Although Greenpeace solves many environmental problems such as deforestation (滥伐森林) and sustainable food, it has worked to address issues with oceans for decades: plastic pollution, offshore drilling, saving the Arctic, and more. Greenpeace has grown from a small group of activists protesting nuclear testing in 1971 to an international organization with offices in over fifty countries.
Center for Biological Diversity
Founded in 1989, the Center for Biological Diversity uses biological data and legal knowledge to obtain new protections for plants, animals, and their habitats. Its story began with some young students, an ancient tree in Mexico, and a spotted owl’s nest. Its first campaign saved both the tree and the owl. And they continue to grow by expanding territory, staff, and outreach (外展服务).
Sierra Club Foundation
The Sierra Club has been working to protect the environment and its people since 1892. It helped pass the Clean Air and Endangered Species Acts, enabled the creation of many national parks, and worked to move hundreds of coal plants towards clean energy. It also offers environmentally friendly wilderness outings to encourage people to get outdoors. People can take an international trip to study wildlife in Cuba.
1. Which organization has focused on the oceans for many years?| A．Rocky Mountain Institute | B．Greenpeace Fund |
| C．Center for Biological Diversity | D．Sierra Club Foundation |
| A．It aims to expand territory for Mexico. | B．It is targeted at collecting biological data. |
| C．Its foundation was inspired by some students. | D．Its symbol contains an ancient tree and an owl. |
| A．They both push for the use of green energy. |
| B．They both apply the new standard for vehicles. |
| C．They both have founded numerous national parks. |
| D．They both encourage humans to go outing in the wild. |
1. Who is the speaker talking to?
| A．Students. | B．Volunteers. | C．Teachers. |
| A．Most of them are offered in winter. |
| B．They are beneficial to the volunteers. |
| C．Schools are badly in need of volunteers. |
| A．A job website. | B．A job fair. | C．A job description. |
1. Who will hold a party on Saturday?
| A．Danielle. | B．Dave. | C．The speakers’ parents. |
| A．Do his homework. | B．Pick up his parents. | C．Watch a soccer game. |
| A．About two hours. | B．About four hours. | C．About eight hours. |
| A．Prepare for a party. | B．Come to an agreement. | C．Give their parents a surprise. |
