3 . Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late ―that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s shown up and regularly annoy their friends? And why is it so hard for us to fix it? “There are all sorts of punishments for being late, and the paradox is that we are late even when those punishments and consequences exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take―something known as the planning fallacy(谬误). Research has shown that people on average underestimate the time to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Another trait is that forever-late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. In a 2003 study run by Jeff Conte from San Diego State University found that out of 181 subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what you’re doing. Conte also discovered there is a personality type that’s more likely to be late. While highly strung(紧张不安), achievement-oriented Type A individuals are more possible to be punctual. Type B individuals, however, who are more laid-back(漫不经心), have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.
1. What does the underlined word “paradox” mean in paragraph 2?| A．Strategy. | B．Argument. | C．Solution. | D．Puzzle. |
| A．They plan to spend more time on a task. |
| B．They tackle more than one task at a time. |
| C．They suffer from concentration difficulties. |
| D．They have high expectations for achievements. |
| A．Learn to accept who you are. | B．Change your personality type. |
| C．Divide a task into smaller ones. | D．Keep to the timetable accurately. |
| A．Time management contributes to success. |
| B．Late comers should be severely punished. |
| C．One’s always being late is linked to personality. |
| D．Changing personality helps improve punctuality. |
内容包括：
1. 举办歌手大赛的目的；
2. 简要介绍比赛的整个过程。
注意：
3. 词数80左右；
4. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：大礼堂auditorium 团委the League Committee 十佳歌手大赛the Top Ten Singers Competition
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For years, Meg Boggs believed the idea told
6 . I have always loved adventure, which is why 1 decided to climb the tallest mountain peak in my country. The challenge was
My adventure began on an early morning when I met my
We encountered (遭遇) lots of obstacles, including
It was a(n)
In the end, our determination won. We came up with a plan to climb over the ice wall, which eventually
| A．dangerous | B．obvious | C．demanding | D．exciting |
| A．test | B．examine | C．recognize | D．realize |
| A．serious | B．friendly | C．fellow | D．ambitious |
| A．occupied | B．devoted | C．committed | D．energized |
| A．Therefore | B．However | C．Furthermore | D．Instead |
| A．continuously | B．increasingly | C．potentially | D．frequently |
| A．freezing | B．biting | C．sharpening | D．reducing |
| A．left | B．reached | C．arrived | D．neared |
| A．avoid | B．escape | C．conquer | D．survive |
| A．despairing | B．exhausting | C．worsening | D．strengthening |
| A．gravity | B．gratitude | C．regulation | D．regularity |
| A．decision | B．determination | C．dilemma | D．issue |
| A．recovering | B．admitting | C．permitting | D．approving |
| A．moved | B．missed | C．challenged | D．inspired |
| A．paid off | B．kicked off | C．lived off | D．gave off |
7 . Cultural heritage is an essential part of our identity, history and traditions. It includes buildings, monuments, artworks, books, music and other artefacts.
So, what can we do to protect our cultural heritage? The first step is to raise awareness about its importance. People need to understand that cultural heritage is not just a collection of old things.
Another way to protect cultural heritage is through legislation.
Education plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage. Schools and universities can teach students about the value of cultural heritage and how to care for it
Technology can be a useful tool in protecting cultural heritage. Digitization allows us to preserve and share cultural artefacts with a wider audience, while also reducing the risk of damage or loss. Virtual reality can also be used to recreate historical sites and buildings, allowing people to experience them in a new and immersive way.
| A．Historic buildings are climate friendly. |
| B．It is also a symbol of our cultural diversity and creativity. |
| C．Protecting cultural heritage requires a collective effort. |
| D．To be kept alive, cultural heritage must be related to its community. |
| E．This non-renewable treasure should be passed down from one generation to another. |
| F．Governments can establish laws and regulations to protect historic sites, buildings and artifacts. |
| G．Museums and other cultural institutions can offer exhibitions and events that show the importance of cultural heritage. |
8 . There’s been a lot of talk about weird and annoying responses from the Bing chat bot in the last couple of weeks. By contrast, it’s difficult to get a rise out of ChatGPT even if you push it with contrary questions and statements.
ChatGPT refers to itself as an artificial intelligence language model, but there are so many reasons not to describe these statistically based, text autocomplete tools as AI.
Despite the hype (大肆宣传),we must all admit that text and image tools, however amazing they seem in what they generate, do not have any understanding or actual knowledge or awareness of what they are doing. Rather, it uses statistical patterns and correlations to predict the next word in a sentence or generate a response to a given prompt or clue. This is a limitation of current language models and the field of natural language processing in general.
However, it is important to note that language models like ChatGPT are not designed to replicate human-like understanding of language. They are designed to perform specific tasks related to language processing and generation, such as generating coherent and fluent text or answering questions based on a given context. In this sense, they represent a powerful tool for automating language-related tasks and improving our ability to interact with large amounts of textual data.
While there is still much to be learned about the true nature of language understanding and intelligence, language models like ChatGPT represent an important step forward in our ability to process and generate language at scale.
1. How will ChatGPT probably respond if it is asked contradictory questions?| A．It gets angry and defensive. | B．It feels difficult to give a proper answer. |
| C．It generates random responses. | D．It remains flexible and calm. |
| A．it is amazing in what it generates. |
| B．it uses statistical patterns and correlations. |
| C．it is unaware of what it is doing. |
| D．it is not designed to replicate human-like understanding of language. |
| A．It can deal with language-related tasks automatically. |
| B．It can generate responses to given prompts or clues. |
| C．It can provide the answers you want. |
| D．It can improve the ability to interact with large amounts of visual data. |
| A．Importance of applying ChatGPT to language learning. |
| B．Limitations and advantages of AI language models. |
| C．Whether ChatGPT is real AI as a language model. |
| D．A new approach to language learning. |
9 . Stores play music to change the way customers feel. Clothing stores for teenagers play popular music. It is exciting and makes the customers feel happy, but music does more than that. It can change the way a person shops.
According to studies, the volume (音量) of music changes how people shop. Customers shop quickly when store music is very loud. They hurry through the store, but they buy just as much. When music is quiet, customers shop slowly. Customers take time to look at the products and talk with the salespeople. Quiet music is good for products that take time and information to buy.
Slow music makes people slow down. In restaurants with slow music, customers spend more time eating. Slow music also slows down customers in supermarkets. Customers notice more products as they walk through the store. With slow music in supermarkets, sales go up by 38 percent.
Familiar music gives shoppers a good idea of time. People know the beginning, middle, and end of a familiar song. When customers hear music that is not familiar, they don’t notice the time. When they don’t notice the time, they spend more time shopping and buy more. People remember past experiences and feelings when they hear familiar music. Many stores play old, happy music so customers feel good. When customers hear new music, they forget about the world outside of the store. Some stores use new music so their customers relax while they shop.
Stores choose music that fits their products. A bookstore plays classical music and jazz. It gives the store a serious and intelligent feeling.
1. What’s the best title for the passage?| A．Customers’ Music |
| B．Store Music |
| C．Customers and Music Owners |
| D．Music and Shopping |
| A．Quiet music is good for products. |
| B．People shop slowly when they hear quiet music. |
| C．People shop quickly when they hear loud music. |
| D．The degrees of loudness of music influence the way of shopping. |
| A．It changes the way people shop. |
| B．It changes the way people feel. |
| C．It changes the way people use the products. |
| D．It changes the way people think about the products. |
| A．Classical music. | B．Rock music. | C．Country music. | D．Jazz music. |
Jeremy was with his father in South Africa, which was far from his hometown Wales. He rarely spent time with his father, a famous wildlife photographer. So far, he wasn’t sure he liked following his dad around. The work seemed mostly hot and boring.
“Ready?” Dad asked. Jeremy nodded and they climbed into the old truck. As the truck moved noisily across the rough dirt, Dad chatted with the local guide Ben. And Jeremy watched for animals.
Suddenly, there came a big crash from the car. Jeremy was shocked to find that the door had fallen off! “It might be a blessing (幸事) in disguise! Now we can see better,” Dad said. Ben threw the door into the back of the truck.
They stopped near a river. Ben said he was friends with the elephants that sometimes gathered here. Maybe they’d see some. Before long, Jeremy saw a small group of elephants in the distance, moving slowly through the grassland towards the water. Dad leaped out of the truck and focused his camera on the largest elephant, whose two long teeth shone in the sun. Jeremy spotted a very young baby elephant walking between two adults. It was tiny, by elephant standards. The two adult elephants kept stopping to wait for their baby.
Jeremy watched as the group neared the river. They trumpeted loudly and flapped their large ears to cool themselves down. Then several larger elephants jumped in the water up to their ears. However, Jeremy lost sight of the baby. Where was it? Then he saw. It was in water up to its eyes, holding its trunk (象鼻) up above the water. Jeremy hoped it could breathe through its trunk, because its mouth was underwater.
Other elephants were using their trunks to spray (喷洒) themselves with the cool water, splashing and playing in the water. It was an elephant party. But the baby elephant was in trouble. “Look!” screamed Jeremy. The bank was too steep (陡峭的) for the baby. It couldn’t climb out of the water. Other elephants tried pushing it, without success. The mother was anxious.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为100左右;
2. 续写部分为一段，段首句已写好。
Suddenly, Jeremy got an idea and rushed to the back of the truck.
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