1 . Brushing your teeth effectively lowers your chances of getting a host of chronic diseases, as well as keeping your teeth and gums (牙龈) healthy. But the majority of us are doing it wrong.

In Sweden, one study found as few as one in 10 people practice the best brushing technique. The British health insurer Bupa found that almost half of respondents did not know how to brush their teeth properly in a survey of 2,000 people in the UK.

So what exactly are most of us getting wrong, and how can we change our routine to make sure we brush our teeth effectively? Here’s how to properly brush your teeth, according to experts.

“Lots of patients understand that what they need to do is remove food remains,” says Josefine Hirschfeld, associate professor and specialist in restorative dentistry at the University of Birmingham in the UK. “That is only partially true. It’s much more important to remove bacteria from the teeth.” These bacteria and other microorganisms grow inside everyone’s mouth, and form a sticky biofilm commonly known as dental plaque (牙菌斑). It is made up of around 700 different species of bacteria, the second-greatest diversity in the human body after the gut, as well as a host of fungi and viruses. “They are living in the sticky film stuck to the teeth and also to the soft tissues,” says Hirschfeld. “This sticky film can't be easily rinsed off — it really needs to be manually cleaned.”

The most important place to remove it from is not in fact the teeth, but the gum. This is where microbes are best able to sink the gum tissue and do damage to teeth. In fact, “brushing your teeth” is something of a misnomer. “Think of brushing your gum, rather than the teeth themselves,” says Hirschfeld. “The teeth will then be brushed automatically.”

Brushing too hard, especially with a firmer-bristled brush, can cause injury to the gums. Small tears in the soft tissue caused by overzealous brushing are an opportunity for bacteria to enter the bloodstream. And grating the brush’s bristles over the enamel can wear tiny grooves in the tooth, which add up to significant erosion over time.

1. When brushing teeth most people’s practices are __________.

A．healthy

B．effective

C．faulty

D．uncertain

2. The majority of patients hold the view that _________.

A．They are practicing the best brushing skills

B．Bacteria and microorganisms are not common inside their mouths

C．It’s the most important to remove the sticky film from the gum

D．The aim of brushing teeth is to remove food remains

3. What does the underlined word “overzealous” in paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Attentive.

B．Overdone.

C．Overlooked.

D．Slight.

4. What should we bear in mind so as to brush our teeth appropriately?

A．When our gum is brushed, our teeth is cleaned together.

B．It’s much more important to remove food remains from the teeth .

C．The greater care we take to brush our teeth, the healthier the teeth will be.

D．Dental plaque containing species of bacteria only exists on teeth.

2 . With the growing popularity of the TV series Blossoms Shanghai (繁花), key scenes describe city areas in the show have become the hottest tourist attractions in Shanghai of late. Here are some citywalk routes based on the TV series that are worthy of exploration:

Major citywalk route:

Huanghe Road → West Nanjing Road → East Nanjing Road → East Zhongshan Road → Number One

The narrator in the TV series Blossoms Shanghai points out: “In 1993, the 755-meter-long Huanghe Road had over 100 restaurants, attracting countless wealthy diners each night.”

Starting from Huanghe Road and crossing Nanjing Road to the Bund, you'll pass by many scenic spots often filmed in the series:

• Tai Sheng Yuan restaurant

This restaurant specializes in Shanghai cuisine. It opened in 1993 and is also recognized as the prototype of Zhi Zhen Yuan restaurant in the TV series.

Address: No 50 Huanghe Road, Huangpu district

• Wing On Department Store

The prototype of Hu Lian Department Store in the TV series was Hua Lian Department Store between 1988 and 2006. It later changed its name to Wing On Department Store and was one of the four major original department stores in Shanghai.

Address: No 635 East Nanjing Road, Huangpu district

• Fairmont Peace Hotel

Peace Hotel on East Nanjing Road, a major scene in the TV series where leading character A Bao, played by actor Hu Ge, lives. The hotel first opened its doors on Aug 1, 1929, and was originally named Cathay Hotel by its owner, Sir Victor Sassoon, a businessman and hotelier from the Sassoon banking family, a famous and prosperous British-Iraqi Jewish family in Shanghai in the 1920s and 30s. The Sassoon family once owned lots of property including HSBC.

Address: No 20 East Nanjing Road, Huangpu district

1. What makes these citywalk routes so popular in Shanghai ?

A．The friendly tourism policy	B．The fantastic scenery
C．The hit TV play	D．The beautiful season

2. Which place may best suit people who prefer special cuisine ?

A．No 50 Huanghe Road, Huangpu district

B．No 635 East Nanjing Road, Huangpu district

C．No 20 East Nanjing Road, Huangpu district

D．No 211 Cheting Road, Songjiang district

3. What is the common feature of the three scenic spots?

A．Their history is not long.

B．They feature fine cuisine.

C．They offer diverse goods.

D．They are in the same district.

3 . Music plays an important role in our lives.     1     If you’ve created music or have found comfort in playing an instrument or listening to your favorite artist, you will be interested in the science behind why music makes us feel so good.

Unlike food, music isn’t necessary for our survival.     2     Music floods the brain with a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺), which is associated with pleasure, motivation and reward.

Studies have shown that certain pieces of classical music will have the same effect on everyone.     3     Of course, everyone is different and music will make us respond according to our own taste and familiarity. Yet, investigations have shown that some music will give people a universal experience.

Neuroscientists conducted research using PET scans to detect the release of dopamine in the brain when subjects listened to their favorite songs. They later used MRI to view the pleasure center of the brain where dopamine is released and then mapped out its connection with other areas of the brain.     4    

The pleasure center of the brain predicts what kind of music we will enjoy based on the connection it makes to other parts of our brain.

New music fits into patterns already mapped out in the brain by our past musical tastes. It is pleasurable not only because it is familiar, but it is different just enough to feel new and exciting.     5     Broadening musical experience and taste can become a journey of self-discovery, for like any art form, in music we see our humanity.

A．Enjoying music is unique to humans.

B．They cause the same changes in the brain.

C．However, it is extremely rewarding and pleasurable.

D．It was these connections that were the most interesting revelation.

E．Music, therefore, can be used as a mood enhancer or as a motivator.

F．We can recall vivid memories and emotions when listening to music.

G．There is a lot of research about music and its relationship to intelligence.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tea is one of the three major drinks in the world,     1    （produce）in more than 60 countries and regions worldwide and enjoyed by over 2 billion people. Huangshan in Anhui province has a long history of tea planting. The recorded history of Huangshan's tea can date back     2     the Tang Dynasty. In 1915, Taiping Houkui and Qimen Black Tea were sent to the Panama World Exposition,     3     they were awarded gold medals. Huangshan city remains     4     key tea-production area in China and Huangshan Mountain in the city is known worldwide for its     5    （impress）scenery. The clouds that ring Huangshan Mountain     6    （believe）to create a natural shelter, blocking sunlight and allowing the tea leaves to produce more nitrogen（氮）which     7    （give）them their unique aroma.

Consequently, the celebrated Huangshan Maofeng, Taiping Houkui and Qimen Black teas from Huangshan have gained worldwide     8    （popular）.     9     they were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Nov 29, 2022, their cultural significance has been further acknowledged. Tea from Huangshan continues to delight and attract the world. In 2022, Huangshan city's tea industry achieved a remarkable output of 45,000 metric tons,     10    （create）4.6 billion yuan（$664.42 million）in revenue（财政收入）.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China launched a three-member crew to its orbiting space station on Thursday as part of its     1     (ambition) program that aims to put astronauts on the moon by 2030.

The mission     2     (lead) by Ye Guangfu, a fighter pilot and astronaut who was     3     (previous) part of the Shenzhou-13 crew in 2021. He is joined by astronauts Li Cong and Li Guangsu,    4     are heading into space for the first time.

    5     three will spend about six months on the space station. They     6     (conduct) scientific tests, install space debris protection     7     (equip) on the station, carry out payload experiments, and popularize science education, among other things, according to Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the CMSA. Lin also said China was working toward eventually offering access     8     its space station to foreign astronauts and space tourists.

The country is planning a mission     9     (bring) back samples from Mars around 2030 and three lunar probe missions over the next four years. It also wants to put astronauts on the moon by 2030.

China conducted its first crewed space mission in 2003,    10     (become) the third country after the former Soviet Union and the U. S. to put a person into space using its own resources.

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How do small children usually begin to learn their own language?

A．By hearing it.

B．By speaking it.

C．By reading it.

2. Why do the children who live abroad with their parents can learn two languages more easily?

A．They have more chances to use languages.

B．They have good teachers.

C．They are very clever.

3. Which of the following can take photos of what can be seen, felt, heard, smelt and tasted?

A．Cameras.

B．Memory.

C．A man's mind.

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．A good memory is a great help in speaking a language.

B．School students have a very good language environment.

C．School students don't have a lot of time to learn a foreign language.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. When does the woman play her pop records?

A．When she is at home.

B．When she takes part in parties.

C．When she performs in the concert.

2. How does the woman listen to jazz?

A．At the concert.

B．On the tape recorder.

C．On the radio.

3. How should the man go to the art museum in London?

A．With the guide of the woman.

B．Going into it without paying.

C．Buying a ticket before going into it.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does Mike talk to Sue?

A．To get some suggestions from her.

B．To give her some advice.

C．To invite her to spend a holiday with him.

2. Which is mentioned in the talk?

A．Mary had planned to go on a trip with Johnson this year.

B．Mike had promised to go sightseeing with Johnson for holiday.

C．Mike had intended to travel with Mary for holiday.

3. Why does Mike feel it hard to make the decision to accept the invitation?

A．He doesn't have enough money for the holiday.

B．He does not want to hurt Mary's feelings.

C．He does not like Johnson very much.

9 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does John think of the college?

A．He likes its small size.

B．He likes the place where it is.

C．He likes the students of the college.

2. How many students are there in John's college?

A．About 10,000.

B．About 5,000.

C．About 1,000.

3. What do the students at the college do in their spare time?

A．All kinds of things.

B．Many things, including going to the shop.

C．All the students go to the clubs to meet their friends.

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Where are the two rooms located?

A．On the second floor.

B．On the fourth floor.

C．On the fifth floor.

2. How much will Peter pay for one room each night?

A．$200.

B．$400.

C．$600.

3. When can Peter have breakfast in the hotel?

A．6: 30 am.

B．8: 00 am.

C．9: 40 am.

4. What kind of payment is NOT accepted?

A．Cash.

B．Check.

C．Credit card.