1 . We’ve all heard the age-old advice to drink eight cups of water a day. But if you fall short, don’t worry: That advice is probably wrong anyway. That’s according to new research. which found that for most healthy adults, there is no real benefit to drinking eight cups of water a day.

The advice to drink eight cups of water a day comes from a 1945 recommendation from the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council, which encouraged adults to consume about 64 ounces of water daily. The recommendation referred to a person’s total daily intake of water, including from all their foods and drinks, but it was widely misinterpreted to mean that people should drink 8-ounce glasses of water every day.

To see how much water people really need, Herman Pontzer, a professor at Duke University and his co-authors analyzed data on 5,600 people. The participants were tracked with a gold-standard technique called “doubly labeled water”, which uses water laced with tracers that can be used to track the body’s production of carbon dioxide, allowing the researchers to get precise measurements of the participants’ daily energy consumption.

The researchers determined how much water the participants lost and replaced each day. a measurement known as water turnover (水周转率). They found that a person’s daily water turnover was largely determined by their size and their level of body fat, which contains less water than muscle and other organs. The more “fat-free” mass a person has, the more water they need.

The research showed that how much water you need changes over your lifetime. In general, our water needs peak between the ages of 20 and 50 and then decline in parallel with the slowing down of our metabolisms (新陈代谢).

So how much water should you drink? The answer is simple: Drink when you’re thirsty. Prioritize water, and try to avoid sugary drinks, which can cause metabolic problems. “If you’re paying attention to your body and drinking when you feel like you need to, then you should be fine,” Pontzer said.

1. What is the author’s attitude toward the advice to drink eight cups of water a day?

A．Critical.

B．Supportive.

C．Tolerant.

D．Uncertain.

2. What can be known about the research conducted by Pontzer?

A．It was conducted in 1945.

B．It tracked participants’ daily water turnover.

C．It studied participants’ feelings about drinking water.

D．It found that body fat contains less water than muscle and other organs.

3. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

A．When people get older, they should drink more water.

B．Drinking 64 ounces of water per day is beneficial to people.

C．When people have more muscles, they need relatively more water.

D．Drinking water with sugar can help improve metabolism.

4. Which is the best way to determine how much water to drink?

A．By following the advice of experts.

B．By drinking as much water as possible.

C．By paying attention to one’s body and drinking when thirsty.

D．By measuring one’s water turnover.

2 . Art galleries you can visit for free with your Paris Pass

Centre Pompidou

Normally €7.00       Wednesday-Monday: 11 AM-10 PM

Centre Pompidou is a must-see attraction when you’re visiting Paris. Featuring late 19th-20th century art, the museum has collection of over 50,000 works, including movements from Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism.

Musée Gustave Moreau

Normally €13.00       Wednesday- Monday: 10 AM-6 PM

Musée Gustave Moreau was designed by the painter himself and includes his private apartment and the large gallery he built to display his work. The apartment is preserved exactly as it was 100 years ago.

Musée de l’Orangerie

Normally €9.00       Wednesday-Monday: 9 AM-6 PM

The museum is best known for its association with the famous Impressionist painter Claude Monet and his Water Lilies series of paintings. Before it was an art gallery housing some of the most famous pieces in history, Musée de l’Orangerie was used as a storehouse and a home for mobilized soldiers.

Musée d’Orsay

Normally €14.00       Tuesday-Sunday: 9:30 AM-6 PM

Musée d’Orsay was an old turn-of-the-century railway station that was built on the site of the Palais d’Orsay. Exemplifying the architecture of the Beaux-Arts movement, Musée d’Orsay is one of Paris’ most popular art galleries and houses art and sculpture from 1848 to 1915.

1. How much is the admission to Centre Pompidou without a Paris Pass?

A．€7.00.

B．€9.00.

C．€13.00.

D．€14.00.

2. Where can visitors enjoy a series of Monet’s Water Lilies?

A．Centre Pompidou.	B．Musée Gustave Moreau.
C．Musée de l’Orangerie.	D．Musée d’Orsay.

3. What was the original use of Musé e d’Orsay?

A．An art gallery.	B．A storehouse.
C．A railway station.	D．A personal apartment.

3 . By the age of 27, Vincent had made the most important decision of his life, to become an artist. He spent the years between 1880 and 1885 developing his _______. He had little money and lived in _______ rooms all over the Netherlands, including the flat agricultural landscape of the Drenthe. There he _______ country people. He was often ill and miserable, but determined to _______ this new career.

After the failure of his studies for the priesthood, Vincent didn’t want to _______ art formally at an academy. But he knew nothing of anatomy (解剖学), the study of the human figure, or of perspective, by which artists show a sense of _______ in work done on flat paper or canvas. Theo, his brother, knew a rich young _______, Anthon van Rappard, who taught Vincent perspective, and _______ him prints to copy. Vincent made hundreds of drawings of people, _______ charcoal, crayon, ink, and watercolor. Theo provided ________ for oil paint, and he began to paint in oils. Vincent often traveled to the ________ or the coast to draw working people. He was beginning to believe in himself as an ________.“Diggers, sowers, planters, male and female, they are what I draw ________. I have to ________ and draw everything that belongs to country life.” The compassion that Vincent ________ for poor people as a preacher was now channeled into his art.

1.

A．skills

B．relationship

C．personality

D．business

2.

A．cheap

B．empty

C．messy

D．dark

3.

A．treated

B．drew

C．followed

D．remembered

4.

A．give up

B．compromise on

C．turn down

D．succeed in

5.

A．study

B．choose

C．offer

D．teach

6.

A．strength

B．length

C．depth

D．width

7.

A．agent

B．painter

C．doctor

D．farmer

8.

A．sold

B．lent

C．helped

D．supported

9.

A．copying

B．taking

C．purchasing

D．using

10.

A．canvas

B．money

C．house

D．materials

11.

A．museum

B．country

C．gallery

D．ocean

12.

A．musician

B．guide

C．lawyer

D．artist

13.

A．continually

B．carefully

C．quickly

D．accurately

14.

A．image

B．memorize

C．observe

D．forget

15.

A．felt

B．recognized

C．moved

D．praised

4 . One single night every January, volunteers all over America search parks, woodlands and pavements to count those without shelter. After seeing their own figures for homelessness increase by 20%between 2022 and early 2023. Jersey officials were shocked into action. Officials spent more on rental assistance for those at risk of becoming homeless. More services for people living rough have led to a rise in sheltered homelessness. The state also gathers real time data. In November New Jersey’s Office of Homelessness Prevention released its own figures , showing unsheltered homelessness falling across the state by 23% year on year.

Newark, New Jersey’s largest city and home to the state’s largest homeless population, recorded a 58% reduction in unsheltered homelessness since the start of the year due to the government’s financial support to reduce street homelessness, improve the shelter system and expand housing and prevention services.

Luis Ulerio, the director of Newark’s Office of Homeless Services, says “there’s just been a lot of hard work behind that number.” Mr. Baraka, the mayor (市长)，converted a local primary school into a 166-bed facility. He built temporary housing out of shipping containers. A second cluster (群) of containers with supportive services, called Hope Village II, will open soon. The containers have been altered to look like little cottages. A third cluster is in the works Mr.Baraka wants to create a pipeline from shelters to transitional housing and then to getting long-term homeless people into permanent housing.

More services for people living rough have led to a rise in sheltered homelessness. The city also provides money for overdue rent to prevent homelessness. Beth Shinn of Vanderbilt University points out that it’s cheaper to give $ 200 to help make due rent for the poor than to pay thousands later. The city also relies on data , updated daily by those working with Newark’s homeless people. Real-time data is crucial , he says , in order to carry out interventions in state policy all on the frontline.

1. What can we learn about homelessness in New Jersey from paragraph 1?

A．It has greatly affected people’s lives.	B．Official efforts are lacking to address it.
C．Great progress has been made to ease it.	D．It is the most serious all over America.

2. How did Mr. Baraka help the homeless in Newark??

A．He designed and built the Hope Village series for them.

B．He turned a school and shipping containers into o homes.

C．He joined a permanent pipeline to the homeless houses.

D．He led the volunteers to count people without shelter.

3. What does the underlined word “altered” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Extended.

B．Donated.

C．Distributed.

D．Changed.

4. What does Beth Shinn suggest about overdue rent?

A．Rent should be provided for the poor when it’s due.

B．No rent should be charged to stop overdue rent.

C．Real-time data should be in place to spot overdue rent.

D．A limit should be set to avoid large sum of overdue rent.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?

A．At the man’s home.

B．On the street.

C．In a camera shop.

2. How many camera shops are still open in town?

A．One.

B．Two.

C．Three.

3. Why does the man think some camera shops went out of business?

A．Cameras are old-fashioned.

B．There are fewer photographers.

C．People buy things on the Internet.

4. What will the man do this Saturday?

A．Go to a camera shop.

B．Take pictures for a wedding.

C．Take care of his friend’s kids.

9 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the girl talk to the man?

A．To make an invitation.

B．To ask for permission.

C．To get some advice.

2. What will the man do during the party?

A．Tell a folk story.

B．Sing an English song.

C．Perform an English play.

3. What will the headmaster do before the party?

A．Deliver a speech.

B．Share his resolutions.

C．Decorate the classroom.

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the woman make the call?

A．She was charged twice.

B．Her bill has not yet arrived.

C．Her television doesn’t work properly.

2. What is wrong with the shop?

A．It doesn’t accept credit cards.

B．The computer system is out of order.

C．The shop assistants are always careless.

3. What will the woman do next?

A．Get a written apology.

B．Offer her receipt number.

C．Have her television fixed.