1 . Cyberattacks are like thievery in the dark-mostly invisible and highly dangerous. As proved on Sept 5, the cyberattack on the email system of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, was launched by the US National Security Agency.

The cyberattack was launched against the university on April 12. The university is known for its education and research programs in the fields of astronautics and marine technology engineering, reported China Daily.

The university became aware of the attack by noticing phishing (网络钓鱼) emails with Trojan horse programs. Such emails, which were disguised as research reviews, invitations to academic events and opportunities to study abroad, were sent to teachers and students at the university. By tricking them into clicking the links and giving away their sign-in information, the attacker aimed to steal university data.

However, apart from the phishing emails which were visible to the public, the investigation team, including the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center and internet security company 360, revealed in a report that over 40 cyberattack weapons were used. The weapons were used to steal core technology data, such as network management data and core operational data. It thus confirmed that the attack had severely endangered national security.

The incident showed the public a glimpse of cyberattacks between nations. Zhou Hongyi, founder of 360, said in the report that national-level hacker armies and organizations have become the biggest threat to China’s cybersecurity. “Cyberattacks launched by a country have clear targets. Hackers may first penetrate (秘密潜入) key information systems in China and wait for the right opportunities to steal information.” Zhou said.

Cyberattacks may seem far away from our daily activities online, but every internet user, no matter young or old, is a potential victim. For cyberattacks between countries, we may be unknowingly used to breach(破坏) our country’s network security. One simple way of preventing cyberattacks is to be watchful-raising your awareness of cybercrimes and keeping an eye on anything unusual when online.

1. Why did the US National Security Agency launch the cyberattack?

A．To damage key systems.	B．To steal personal information.
C．To gain access to sensitive data.	D．To seek certain financial benefits.

2. What aspect of cyberattacks between nations does paragraph 5 tell us about?

A．Their origins.	B．Their purpose.
C．Their influence.	D．Their characteristics.

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Some people are safe from cyberattacks.

B．Cyberattacks are not difficult to detect.

C．Anyone can be used to threaten national security.

D．Cyberattacks are the biggest threat to national security.

4. What does the author suggest people do to prevent cyberattacks?

A．Watch the news regularly.	B．Be alert to anything strange online.
C．Use the internet as little as possible.	D．Learn in-depth about cyber crimes

2 . When I was a kid, I couldn’t resist climbing trees. A sycamore grew in front of my home. At the age of 10, I was just tall enough to reach its lowest branch. Standing on that first branch, I was able to reach the others and climb my way up like a monkey, up into the higher branches until I found myself taking in my whole neighborhood from on high.

Climbing trees allowed me to enter another world. My friends and I took our imaginations with us to new heights, entering a fortress a pirate ship or a spaceship. One summer, we spent so much time in the sycamore that my dad created a rope-and-pulley system with an attached basket, so my mom could send ham sandwiches to us.

With these memories in mind, I still have one question: Do kids still climb trees? In my small Maine town, there are some lovely maples and oaks, and their branches spread wide and open for exploration. But I have not yet seen a taker. Perhaps computer games have substituted for tree-climbing, or maybe the activity came to be viewed as too risky. It is a sad loss.

The campus of the university where I teach now is lovingly landscaped with all sorts of trees, with some being incredibly old. During a recent walk, I found myself ducking under the limb of a spruce. I used my feet to scrabble my way up the trunk-none of this as easy as it once was-and a moment later I was up in the tree. Then the memories came flooding back.

I was so lost in my thoughts that I didn’t hear the student calling to me from below. He asked what I was doing. “Come on up,” I said. “The air’s fine.” But he only laughed, waved me off and continued on his way. He didn’t know what he was missing.

1. Why did the author enjoy climbing trees when he was a child?

A．It fueled his imagination.	B．It allowed him to see a fortress.
C．It let him swing on tree branches.	D．It enabled him to overlook the city.

2. What does the author think is the most likely reason that kids have stopped climbing trees?

A．The concern about damaging trees.	B．The difficulty of finding suitable trees.
C．The popularity of computer games.	D．The desire for more challenging activities.

3. What happened when the author climbed up a spruce on campus?

A．He was criticized by his students.

B．He realized his passion for climbing trees was gone.

C．He found himself less flexible than he had been.

D．He felt sad when recalling past experiences.

4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?

A．To describe the benefits of climbing trees.	B．To persuade children to climb trees.
C．To share a joyful childhood memory.	D．To present the fun of climbing trees.

3 . Fancy spending your summer break improving your skills and preparing for your first job? We have gathered the best summer programs in Singapore in recent years. Now you will be able to narrow down your choices and make a decision.

StandOut Global Summer Program

At StandOut Summer School, one of your missions will be to work as an intern with leaders in the business world who have plenty of years of experience in the field. Through this program, you can boost your knowledge by interacting with experts in fields like digital marketing,entrepreneurship investment, etc. Wherever you come from, the school will welcome you in their all-inclusive program.

NTU Summer School Program

Nanyang Technological University will take you on a unique experience in their summer camp. In NTU’s summer school, you will be able to enjoy your favorite business track out of five different options. Each track will lead you to an internship at a top-ranked company lasting from 3 weeks to 2 months.

NUS Summer School

The National University of Singapore offers one of the leading summer camps in Singapore. The program is designed for students who are from its partner universities located all around the world. With passion as one of the university’s core values, the NUS Summer School guarantees continuous development for its students.

Singapore Management University Global Summer Program

With its third Global Summer Program starting in July, Singapore Management University offers international students an unforgettable opportunity: 4 weeks of learning in Singapore, with a week spent overseas in another Asian city to merge in an unmatched experience.

Get in touch with us to get all your questions about global summer programs answered!

1. What do the first two programs have in common?

A．Both help students start their own business.

B．Both invite experts to guide students.

C．Both expand students’ knowledge in business.

D．Both offer students internships at top-ranked companies.

2. Which program only allows students from its partner universities to join?

A．StandOut Global Summer Program.

B．NTU Summer School Program.

C．Singapore Management University Global Summer Program.

D．NUS Summer School.

3. How long is Singapore Management University’s Global Summer Program?

A．Three weeks.	B．Four weeks.
C．Five weeks.	D．Two months.

4 . One of the curious things about social networks is the way that some messages, pictures, or ideas can spread like wildfire while others that seem just as catchy or interesting barely register at all.

Before you go deep into the puzzle, consider this: If you measure the height of your male friends, for example, the average is about 170 centimeters. You are 172 and your friends are all about the same height as you are. Indeed, the mathematical concept of “average” is a good way to capture the nature of this data set.

But imagine that one of your friends was much taller than you. This person would dramatically skew the average, which would make your friends taller than you, on average. In this case, the “average” is a poor way to capture this data set.

Exactly this situation occurs on social networks. On average, your coauthors will be cited more often than you, and the people you follow will post more frequently than you, and so on.

Now Lerman from University of Southern California has discovered a related paradox, which they call the majority illusion. They illustrate this illusion with an example. They take 14 nodes linked up to form a small network. They then color three of these nodes and count how many of the remaining nodes link to them in a single step.

In one situation, the uncolored nodes see more than half of their neighbors as colored. This is the majority illusion — the local impression that a specific feature is common when the global truth is entirely different.

So how popular is it in the real world? It’s found out that the majority illusion occurs in almost all network scenarios. “The effect is largest in the political blogs network, where 60% of nodes will have majority active neighbours, even when only 20% of the nodes are truly active,” says Lerman.

It immediately explains many interesting phenomena. For a start, it shows how some content can spread globally while other similar content does not — the key is to start with a small number of well-connected early adopters fooling the rest of the network into thinking it is common. The affected nodes then find it natural to follow the trend. A real spread finally comes into being.

But it is not yet a marketer’s charter. For that, marketers must first identify the popular nodes that can create the majority illusion for the target audience. These influencers must then be persuaded to adopt the desired behavior or product, which is essential to the prospect of the marketing plan.

1. The phrase skew the average in the passage most probably refers to the action of ________.

A．hiding the real average to be unrecognizable to others

B．producing an average against the general feature of data

C．working out the common feature suggested by the average

D．ignoring the average because of the frequency by which it is reviewed

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Majority illusion rarely has impacts except in political blogs field.

B．The majority illusion on social networks relies on that people you follow post more than you.

C．The essence of successful opinion spread is to initiate the trend with well-connected sharers.

D．The spread scale of ideas on networks mainly depends on the quality of content.

3. To guarantee the success of marketing promotion, it’s vital to ________.

A．thoroughly understand the concept of majority illusion

B．accurately figure out who is the powerful person to affect others

C．definitely decide who are the target audience for the promotion

D．successfully convince the influencers to practice certain action

4. What is most probably the title of the passage?

A．The social network vision that tricks your mind.

B．Who is stealing your network identity?

C．Minority network opinion spread, curse or blessing?

D．Have you been misled during the last political voting?

5 . 假如你是李华，在得知土耳其大地震的消息后，作为鹰潭中学的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括：
1．表达安慰;
2．中国救援队已到达进行援助;
3．表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
注意(不能出现本学校名称)提示：土耳其 Turkey
Dear friends:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you have been to the cinema and watched the popular movie “The Wandering Earth II” recently, you might     1    (impress) by the intelligent quantum computer MOSS. It has no cognitive limitations, removing the perceptual (感性)thinking consciousness and left with the rational algorithm only. In fact, such strong AI like MOSS, does not exist in reality for     2     time being.

Nevertheless, weaker AI,     3     replaces human processing in a specific field, has already been imperceptibly (不知不觉)integrated into our daily life. At present, most of the global AI level exists also at this stage. For example, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), an office software that relieves employees by doing repetitive human tasks, simulating a range of human     4    (operate) such as on the keyboard and mouse.

Furthermore, Open AI     5    (release) the language model ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) lately, making human-machine interaction much     6     humanized and intelligent than ever before. Thanks to its revolutionary user experience, ChatGPT obtained more than one million users just five days after     7    (it)release. As to     8     ChatGPT became such a hit, users think it can display simple results content according to searching keywords.

Far from being a Chatbot only, ChatGPT can also realize article creation, code generating and other functions only by requesting. ChatGPT even has the     9    (capable)to write code just like a professional programmer. It also presents the strong ability in content continuation, literary creation, music creation etc. It is so powerful     10     New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices.

7 . The INF Clairefontaine is one of the world’s top football academies and also houses the French national football team.

The national team is in its third day of _________ since it gathered at the place to _________ a match against Denmark. Villagers nearby have been invited to watch their _________ on one side of the pitch (球场)．A media group watches from the _________ side. Most players are just _________ from their club teams, but they fall quickly and _________ into a communicative dance with the ball. Didier Deschamps, their coach, looks on from the pitch, _________ the discipline and efficiency he prizes.

On a nearby pitch, the academy youngsters (青训营)_________ their training session, too. The boys erupt with screams whenever they _________ a goal.

After dusk settles in and training __________, Kylian Mbappé, the French football superstar, stays late with a goalkeeper and a few defenders, __________ extra shots. When he arrived on these same grounds roughly a decade earlier, he was full of __________ like the current group of youngsters. But__________ them, he doesn’t__________ when his shots find their way past the keeper. He simply __________ the practice, over and over. His only __________ comes when a ball __________ its mark. Then Mbappé erupts in shouts of regret.

“The youngest players look at the French team, and they tend to __________ what they see, ”Deschamps says. “So each player has a__________ in everything he does, on the pitch or off . . . to have a __________ influence and to give a good image to the young players.

1.

A．competition

B．residence

C．treatment

D．vacation

2.

A．open up

B．give up

C．prepare for

D．search for

3.

A．practice

B．discussion

C．adventure

D．experiment

4.

A．common

B．correct

C．possible

D．opposite

5.

A．choosing

B．returning

C．suffering

D．learning

6.

A．mainly

B．equally

C．safely

D．easily

7.

A．understanding

B．overseeing

C．introducing

D．discovering

8.

A．hold

B．review

C．plan

D．skip

9.

A．share

B．establish

C．score

D．report

10.

A．ends

B．begins

C．fails

D．works

11.

A．appreciating

B．exchanging

C．firing

D．shaping

12.

A．patience

B．promise

C．laughter

D．wisdom

13.

A．unlike

B．except

C．through

D．among

14.

A．benefit

B．struggle

C．escape

D．celebrate

15.

A．remembers

B．removes

C．repeats

D．replaces

16.

A．connection

B．purpose

C．donation

D．reaction

17.

A．misses

B．receives

C．reaches

D．bears

18.

A．assess

B．describe

C．deny

D．copy

19.

A．question

B．duty

C．position

D．budget

20.

A．cultural

B．global

C．positive

D．decisive

8 . Rabbits are a courageous little species able to live on every continent, except Antarctica. Alongside the beginning of 2023, the new Year of the Rabbit has started!     1    

Cultural image of rabbits in China

Rabbits are instinctively quiet but agile (敏捷),which suits traditional Chinese aesthetic values of being gentle and cultivated. There is a view of rabbits in Chinese culture as being smart and gentle.     2     , a Chinese idiom praising people who are smart and agile like a rabbit.

Legend has it that there is a Jade Rabbit living on the moon which is the pet of Chang’e, a goddess widely known in China. This can explain why rabbits are regarded as an auspicious sign.

Also, in ancient China, it was common sense that the more children you had, the luckier and happier you would be. This belief made the rabbit a popular sign of good fortune.     3    

Cultural image of rabbits in the West

Similarly in the West, rabbits are full of vitality and fertile in nature, with populations growing to enormous sizes in short amounts of time. Rabbits are also considered to be incredibly lucky in the West, with several traditions illustrating how to gain the animal’s good luck for yourself.

A hunter being able to catch a rabbit in the first place is also a sign of good luck. Another tradition for good luck found in North America and the UKKis to say the word “rabbit” on the first morning of every month.

    4     It is a rabbit that Alice follows in the story of Alice in Wonderland to escape the normal world and helps to begin her adventure. Rabbits are also related to Easter, with the Easter bunny being thought to be in some way related to the chocolate eggs eaten at this time of year: While the animal appears in many different places, it is always seen as an animal to be welcomed.

So, now it is the lucky animal’s turn on the Chinese zodiac.     5    

A．This is shown by the phrase “dong ru tuo tu”

B．We are all familiar with the phrase “shou zhu dai tu”

C．Maybe now is the best time to talk about this adorable animal in the eyes of different cultures

D．May the Year of the Rabbit bring you some good fortune, too!

E．Rabbits also pop up in other areas of Western culture

F．A stuffed rabbit’s foot is supposed to bring good fortune

G．They are well-known to be able to reproduce and thrive in sometimes difficult and surprising conditions

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Why did Larry Walters fail to become a pilot?

A．He was not tall enough.

B．He had poor sight.

C．He lacked professional knowledge.

2. What did Larry Walters prepare for his flight?

A．Food and drinks.

B．Two chairs.

C．54 weather balloons.

3. How high did Larry Walters intend to fly?

A．About 100 feet above his backyard.

B．About 45 feet above his backyard.

C．About 30 feet above his backyard.

4. What is Robert Davies?

A．A policeman.

B．A journalist.

C．A driver.

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What are the speakers likely to do?

A．Cancel the booking.

B．Enjoy the tea.

C．Make tea for Mike.

2. Why are the speakers angry with Mike?

A．He forgot to phone them.

B．He is too aggressive.

C．He didn’t keep the appointment.

3. How will the man probably communicate with Mike?

A．By letter.

B．By phone.

C．In person.