1 . Chilly weather and common respiratory (呼吸器官的) infections often go hand in hand. Reasons for this include people gather inside more in winter and viruses survive better in low-humidity indoor air. But there has been less certainty about whether lower temperatures actually impair human immunity (免疫力) and, if so, how.
Now, a new study published December 6, 2022, in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology details a previously unknown way that the immune system attacks viruses inside the nose and finds it works better when it’s warm.
Mansoor Amiji, a pharmaceutical sciences professor at Northeastern University, found that our noses released “extracellular vesicles” (EVs) — a spray of tiny sacs (囊) that gathered and destroyed bacteria upon breathing in.
For the new research, the team set out to answer a question: is the strength of EVS’ response linked to temperature?
In order to tackle the question, they divided the nasal (鼻的) cell samples into two groups and cultivated them in a lab, subjecting one set of samples to 37C, and the other to 32°C.
Under regular body heat conditions, the EVs were successfully able to fight off viruses. But under the reduced temperatures, fewer EVs were produced, and those that were made packed less attack against the invaders tested: two rhinoviruses (鼻病毒的) and a non-COVID coronavirus, which are typically found in winter cold season.
“There’s never been a convincing reason why you have this very clear increase in viral infectivity in the cold months,” said co-author Benjamin Bleier, a surgeon at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear. “This is the first quantitative and biologically reasonable explanation that has been developed.” He added.
“These discoveries could pave the way for an eventual treatment against the common cold, or even the flu and COVID,” said Amiji, “That’s an area of great interest for us and we certainly continue to pursue that.”
1. What does the underlined word “impair” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Damage. | B．Improve. | C．Influence. | D．Preserve. |
| A．By raising a question. | B．By cultivating the nasal samples. |
| C．By setting the contrast experiment. | D．By adjusting the temperature in the lab. |
| A．The EVs are typically found in the cold season. |
| B．The EVs release sacs to destroy bacteria upon inhalation. |
| C．The EVs won’t resist the rhinoviruses under regular body heat conditions. |
| D．The EVs’ quantity and attack power are positively associated with temperature. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Approved. | C．Conservative. | D．Indifferent. |
Are you familiar with pop star Jay Chou’s Blue &White Porcelain? Its original lines, just as the composer Fang Wenshan described,
Ranked best among famous kinds during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), Ru porcelain is known
Born in Ruzhou, Henan province, Li Chao has spent a decade
Techniques of making Ru porcelain will
3 . What is stereotype? It is commonly known as a fixed, over-generalized belief about a particular group or class of people, consisting of gender, age, occupation, etc.
Gender stereotype refers to a judgment about someone according to their sex instead of believing in their ability. Men have been thought to be a leader, strong, aggressive and brave.
Age stereotype is that someone judges other people’s behavior and appearance because of the age. Children are often described as innocent, naughty. Then, young people are usually stereotyped as impatient, rebellious and indulging in comfort. Adults are related to responsibility.
Some view stereotype as a good way to enable them to respond to different things, judging if they are good or bad, as well as adapting into a new environment. However, some stereotypes are not quite consistent with the changing world and are easy to produce prejudice or misunderstandings.
| A．Women are able to take charge of the nation and run their business, too. |
| B．Thus, it is much wiser for us to deal with stereotype in a wider perspective. |
| C．There are more stereotypes about stars than other occupations. |
| D．Occupation stereotype also occurs in our minds. |
| E．But women are thought to be attached, weak, compromised and soft. |
| F．Some stars’ salary is lower than common white-collar workers. |
| G．Nowadays, many adults are not willing to attend to their parents. |
4 . Everyone complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes. Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful.
When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead. Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.
Make a list of things you are grateful for.
You often complain about the things you don’t have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves.
Learn to adapt to the changes.
There are many things you can’t change.
Allow yourself to vent (发泄) your feelings every once in a while.
Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don’t be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or family member or see a therapist.
Find what makes you happy.
| A．Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy. |
| B．The best and only thing you can do is to accept them. |
| C．Change the way you think. |
| D．Are you constantly complaining about your present job? |
| E．Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain. |
| F．Make friends with positive people. |
| G．So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining? |
My Best Examination
One day, while at work in a coal-mine in Malden, I happened to overhear two miners talking about a great school for poor people in Virginia. It was Hampton Institute. The school was established to provide opportunities for poor but worthy students who could work out all or a part of the cost of board, and at the same time be taught some trade or industry.
I was on fire constantly with one ambition, and that was to go to school. I decided at once to go to that school. Finally the great day came and I started for Hampton. I had only a small, cheap bag that contained what few articles of clothing I could get. The distance from Malden to Hampton is about five hundred miles. I had not been away from home many hours before it began to grow painfully evident that I did not have enough money to pay my fare (路费) to Hampton.
By walking and begging rides in some way, I finally reached the grounds of the Hampton Institute after a number of days, tired and dirty. As soon as possible after reaching, I presented myself before the head teacher for assignment to a class. Having been so long without proper food, a bath, and change of clothing, I was like a worthless loafer (游荡者).
I did not, of course, make a very favourable impression upon her, and I could see at once that there were doubts in her mind about the wisdom of admitting me as a student. I tried to impress her in all the ways I could with my worthiness. How I wished that I could get a chance to show what was in me.
After some time, the head teacher said to me, “The adjoining (隔壁的) classroom needs sweeping. Take the broom and sweep it.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It occurred to me at once that here was my chance.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The head teacher went into the room and inspected the floor and closets.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Donna is my sister, and I had always considered her beautiful. Our father called her his princess, and in high school, she was known as the school babe. Our parents were protective of us, particularly our father, who kept close watch over the friends she made.
One Saturday in April, a boy invited Donna to a park with four other friends. Unfortunately, on their way to the park, their car crashed into a guardrail and flipped over three times before it came to a stop on its roof. Donna was pulled from the car and rushed to the hospital without delay.
Donna was in the hospital for two weeks. Many of her friends went to see her, especially Claudia, who was there a lot. However, Mom and Dad never liked Claudia. I don’t really know why. They just didn’t like her being around.
Donna returned home with the entire top half of her head shaved. She had hundreds of stitches (缝线), some of which came across her forehead and between her left eye and eyebrow. Knowing Donna’s concern for her appearance, Mom found her a human hair wig (假发) that perfectly matched her hair.
Donna finally recovered and went back to school. But she never felt good in school. There was a very loud-mouthed, self-centered girl in Donna’s class who took great pleasure in teasing her. This girl, seated behind Donna, would pull slightly on Donna’s wig and mockingly said, “Hey, Wiggy, let’s see your scars (伤疤)”. Then she would laugh.
Donna endured this mistreatment in silence until the day she told Claudia. From then on, Claudia kept a close eye on my sister, preventing anyone from bothering her. There was something about Claudia that was frightening, even to the worst kids in school. Nobody messed with her. Unfortunately, though, Claudia wasn’t always around, and the teasing and name-calling continued.
One day, Claudia came to our home with a special surprise.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Donna and Claudia wore their wigs for over a year.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7 . 假如你是光明中学足球队队长李华，请你给上海希望国际学校足球队负贵人Mr Brown发一封邮件，邀请该校足球队来你校打一场友谊赛。要点包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 友谊赛的意义和目的。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Brown,
I hope this email finds you well.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
8 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The basketball finals of the Village Basketball Association (VBA), an amateur inter-village event
On Nov 29, two teams took to a brand-new basketball court-the Gatorade Dream Court
In 2016, the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council released the “Healthy China 2030” blueprint,
9 . Best friends Anna and Betty were at camp. Suddenly Anna let out a scream,
“I bet it is
Anna grasped Betty’s sweaty palm,
“Will it bite us?” Betty asked hesitantly.
Clare answered confidently, “No, it won’t. It’s probably here because of the weather. Look outside! It’s
Suddenly, Anna screamed again, “There it is! I see it!” She
Out of
The girls nodded in agreement as they observed Clare in
| A．terrified | B．amazed | C．fascinated | D．impressed |
| A．Struggling | B．Bending | C．Trembling | D．Smiling |
| A．fond | B．scared | C．tired | D．shy |
| A．Unfortunately | B．Particularly | C．Similarly | D．Generally |
| A．thinking | B．pushing | C．beating | D．breathing |
| A．pouring | B．brightening | C．clearing | D．clouding |
| A．fear | B．relief | C．regret | D．contentment |
| A．lined | B．jumped | C．sped | D．backed |
| A．instructor | B．reward | C．visitor | D．result |
| A．something | B．nowhere | C．nobody | D．everywhere |
| A．led | B．held | C．paid | D．sent |
| A．persuaded | B．bothered | C．signaled | D．informed |
| A．return | B．trap | C．attract | D．release |
| A．admiration | B．alarm | C．disbelief | D．haste |
| A．typical | B．temporary | C．uncertain | D．initial |
10 . If you are looking to replace or update your smartphone, take a beat and think it over. You should consider the new device’s affordability.
So what should we do?
Get it fixed. If your phone breaks, get it fixed directly by the manufacturer or take it to a local tech repair shop authorized to fix your phone brand.
Donate. There are lots of good causes accepting phone donations to either refurbish (翻新) or sell for cash, including the Salvation Army and the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence.
Recycle it properly. If your phone is completely broken and cannot be donated, you can still recycle it properly.
| A．Resist the urge to upgrade. |
| B．Extend the lifespan of mobile phones. |
| C．You just need to do a little bit of research. |
| D．Also, the environmental cost can’t be ignored. |
| E．It can often be fixed through easy repairs with less cost. |
| F．Therefore, we should reduce our reliance on electronic devices. |
| G．It is made even worse if consumers frequently replace their phones. |
