1. What does the woman receive from the man?
| A．Some chocolates. | B．Some dumplings. | C．Some duck necks. |
| A．It was too sweet. | B．It was too salty. | C．It was too hot. |
| A．Their color. | B．Their smell. | C．Their shape. |
1. Why did Lucy fail to go to the concert?
| A．The dates didn’t suit her. |
| B．The tickets were sold out. |
| C．The ticket price was too high. |
| A．The lead singer. | B．The drummer. | C．The guitarist. |
3 . We all know that unpleasant feeling when we’re talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we’re interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.
Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5, 000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people’s perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.
Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.
The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.
“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication,” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”
1. What does Hilton’s research focus on?| A．What interruptions mean to people. |
| B．Whether interruption is good or not. |
| C．How to avoid getting interrupted. |
| D．Why speakers interrupt each other. |
| A．Record an audio clip. | B．Answer some questions. |
| C．Listen to one another. | D．Have a chat with a friend. |
| A．It’s important. | B．It’s interesting. |
| C．It’s inefficient. | D．It’s impolite. |
| A．Human interaction is complex. |
| B．Communication is the basis of life. |
| C．Interruptions promote thinking. |
| D．Language barriers will always exist. |
4 . For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙)patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarchs tagged (打标签)by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out- until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarchs through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10, 000 monarchs flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies, ”James says. Watching the monarch change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed, ” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too. ”
1. What was hard for David to do in his study?| A．Gain financial support. | B．Hire qualified workers. |
| C．Build a new laboratory. | D．Find enough monarchs. |
| A．To guarantee their safety. |
| B．To enable them to fly longer distances. |
| C．To track their travel routes. |
| D．To distinguish them from other species. |
| A．The patience the butterflies showed. |
| B．The hardship the butterflies underwent. |
| C．The transformation of the butterflies. |
| D．The devotion of James to the butterflies. |
| A．The impact of the research. |
| B．The findings of James’ study. |
| C．The release of the prisoners. |
| D．The life cycle of the butterflies. |
5 . Cancer is caused by gene mutations (突变) that accumulate in cells over time, yet long-lived animals that have lots of cells, such as elephants and whales, hardly ever get it. Why?
For elephants, at least, part of the answer may be the gene commonly known as p53, which also helps humans and many other animals repair DNA damaged during replication (复制). Elephants have an amazing 20 copies of this gene. Those copies, each with two variations produce a total of 40 proteins, compared with humans’ (and most animals’) single copy producing two proteins.
In mammals, p53 plays a crucial role in preventing mutated cells from turning into tumors (肿瘤). It works by pausing replication and then either initiating repair or causing cells to self-destruct if the damage is too extensive. Without action from p53, cancer can easily take hold: in more than half of all human cancers, the gene’s function has been lost through random mutations.
The scientists virtually modeled and studied carefully elephants’ 40 p53 proteins, finding two ways the gene could help elephants avoid cancer. First, the fact that elephants possess multiple copies lowers the chance of p53 no longer working because of mutations. Additionally, elephants’ p53 copies activate in response to varying mutations and so respond to damaged cells differently, which likely gives an edge when detecting and getting rid of mutations.
These “remarkable” results imply that elephants have a series of means though which p53 can operate, says Sue Haupt, a cell biologist who was not involved in the work. This points to “exciting possibilities for exploring powerful new approaches to cancer protection in humans,” she adds.
Study co-author Robin Fahraeus and his colleagues are now following up on these results using blood samples from an African elephant at the Vienna Zoo. They are exploring how its p53 proteins interact with damaged cells and plan to compare those findings with results from human cells.
1. What does the underlined word “initiating” mean in paragraph 3?| A．Delaying. | B．Indicating. |
| C．Stopping. | D．Starting. |
| A．By preventing the replication thoroughly. |
| B．By providing precise response continuously. |
| C．By lowering the chance of mutations in advance. |
| D．By repairing the damaged cells in the same way. |
| A．The results need further tests. |
| B．More biologists will participate in the study. |
| C．The results throw light on humans’ fighting cancer. |
| D．Researchers have new findings in African elephants. |
| A．Why elephants don’t get cancer. |
| B．What contributes to elephants’ long life. |
| C．Where the anticancer breakthrough lies. |
| D．How the key cancer-fighting gene works. |
1.你想选的专业；
2.选择该专业的原因。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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The history of siheyuan (courtyard house) in Beijing can be traced back to more than 800 years ago
Siheyuan is a closed rectangular space with a courtyard in the center. It
Indeed,
8 . Foreign universities and education have always attracted students.
Find out how to apply. You can apply directly through the institution’s website and submit all your documents online. Some universities may require you to send documents via post.
Write your motivation letter nicely. Make sure that you write a motivation letter, if required, in the proper format and make it as unique as possible to stand out. Be honest in your explanations and experiences.
Paperwork is vital.
Keep specific regulations in mind. Some countries have guidelines for international aspirants (有抱负的人). Many EU nations need entrance examinations, while some institutions require portolios (作品选辑) or personal interviews. Most universities in the UK only take applications via UCAS for undergraduate degrees, while universities take direct applications for postgraduate degrees or via UKPASS.
| A．Always keep options in hand. |
| B．Decide on a particular university |
| C．They want to go there to pursue the best academic course in the world. |
| D．You may also have to apply through platforms in some countries. |
| E．If you want to study in the USA, start searching for a programme at least a year before applying. |
| F．Many foreign universities will have entrance exams in addition to application deadlines. |
| G．All documents require translations into the official language of the country you are applying to. |
9 . As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, healthcare workers continue to risk their lives to treat patients. Under the current system, diagnosing, monitoring, and managing COVID-19 are contributing to its spread through contact. In an effort to improve this situation, data analytics company SDG Group has announced a new smartphone application called Docdot to help doctors collect relevant clinical data through telemonitoring.
Docdot uses facial recognition technology on smartphone cameras to detect a patient’s vita signs and process them using artificial intelligence. This recognition and processing technology (photoplethysmography) was developed by Binah. ai. It enables smartphone cameras to use the light reflected by blood vessels (血管) under the skin to detect and record changes in the volume of blood flowing in blood vessels under the skin, and that occur due to variations in respiration (呼 吸), blood pressure, etc. The app converts this into measurements reportedly 90 percent as accurate as hospital-grade monitors.
Docdot enables people to look into their smartphone’s screen and share early indicators of infection .It gives health workers the information they need to triage (分诊) patients at a safe distance, preventing unnecessary visits to hospitals and reducing the risk of exposure among health workers and patients. This maximizes the availability of healthcare resources for those who need them most, and contributes to slowing the spread of the virus.
“Use of this technology for virus monitoring and detection is new,” says Heather Beardmore, SDG Group UK chief executive. “This healthcare innovation is the first remote-monitoring and triage tool with potential to transform diagnosis and management.” It is also recognized by World Health Organization (WHO) and Forbes as being one of the most innovative digital health solutions worldwide. Docdot has undergone clinical trials in Canada India and Japan, and is now used in the USA hospitals.
1. What is the function of Docdot?| A．To manage COVID-19 effectively. |
| B．To detect COVID-19 patients accurately. |
| C．To monitor COVID-19 patients remotely. |
| D．To treat COVID-19 patients successfully. |
| A．How Docdot works. |
| B．How to use Docdot. |
| C．Where to use Docdot. |
| D．What advantages Docdot has. |
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Skeptical. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Effective Measures Against COVID-19 |
| B．Global Cooperation Against COVID-19 |
| C．Doctors — Heroes who Fight COVID-19 |
| D．Docdot — A Mobile App that Helps Doctor |
10 . It is generally acknowledged that the older we get, the more slowly we react. However, the new findings suggest that mental speed — the speed at which we can deal with issues requiring rapid decision-making — does not change substantially over decades.
Under the leadership of Dr Mischa von Krause and Dr Stefan Radev, psychologists at Heidelberg University evaluated data from a large-scale online experiment with over a million participants. They came to the conclusion that the speed of cognitive information processing remains largely stable between the ages of 20 and 60, and only deteriorates at higher ages.
In the online experiment, subjects had to press a button to sort pictures of people into the categories “white” or “black” and words into the categories “good” or “bad”. According to Dr Mischa von Krause, the content focus was of minor importance. Instead, the researchers used the large number of data as an example of a response-time task to measure the duration of cognitive decisions.
When evaluating the data, Dr Mischa von Krause and his colleagues noted that, on average, the response time of the test subjects rose with increasing age. However, with the aid of a mathematical model, they were able to show that this phenomenon was not due to changes in mental speed. They think that older test subjects are slower mainly because they reply more cautiously and concentrate more on avoiding mistakes. At the same time, motor function speed slows down during the course of adult life: older participants in the experiment needed longer to press the appropriate key after they had found the right answer.
Another finding of the study was that average information processing speed only progressively declined with participants over the age of 60. “It looks as though, in the course of our life, we don’t need to fear any substantial losses of mental speed — particularly not in the course of a typical working life,” says Dr Mischa von Krause.
1. What is the common assumption about the adults’ mental speed?| A．It declines with age. | B．It is faster at the old age. |
| C．It is not affected by the age. | D．It is constantly changing with age. |
| A．Stays stable. | B．Becomes worse. | C．Changes suddenly. | D．Increases rapidly. |
| A．Their emotional stability. | B．The decline of mental speed. |
| C．Their mature and cautious nature. | D．The lack of exercise for the older. |
| A．To describe an online experiment. | B．To appeal to people to respect the elderly. |
| C．To tell people how to improve mental speed. | D．To reveal the conclusion of an online experiment. |
