A.in case | B.even if | C.as though | D.so that |
2 . The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers (层) of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc. ), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
Types of burns
There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
• First degree burns
These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent (熨烫熨斗).
• Second degree burns
These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
• Third degree burns
These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns
First degree burns
• dry, red and mildly swollen
• mildly painful
• turn white when pressed
Second degree burns
• rough, red and swollen
• watery surface
• extremely painful
Third degree burns
• black and white and charred
• swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
• little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area
1. According to Paragraph 1, the functions of the skin include ________.A.regulating body temperature | B.reflecting the sun’s harmful rays |
C.speeding up water loss | D.absorbing poisons automatically |
A.Boiling oil. | B.Hot chocolate. | C.Electric shocks. | D.Heart attacks. |
A.Depending on the speed of the burn. |
B.Depending on the location of the burn. |
C.Depending on how many layers of skin there are. |
D.Depending on how deep they burn the surface of the skin. |
A.Your skin may be bright red, swollen, and look wet. |
B.The bur site appears white or charred and there is no feeling in the area. |
C.Your skin may be red and painful, and you may experience mild swelling. |
D.Instead of turning red, your skin may appear black, brown, white or yellow. |
A.A course guide. | B.A first aid brochure. |
C.A hospital advertisement. | D.A business magazine. |
A.is repairing | B.has been repaired |
C.is being repaired | D.repaired |
A.needn’t | B.daren’t | C.mustn’t | D.won’t |
A.in particular | B.in panic | C.in sight | D.in order |
6 . You’ve heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However, we can have a different understanding about it.
When a person is starving, that’s not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish eradicating their hunger and only then teach them to fish. Far too often, people ignore this common sense first step. They see someone who is struggling, and they rush to offer wisdom. “Let me tell you what I’d do in your position,” a well-meaning individual might offer.
But few of us understand the anxiety, confusion and uncertainty that come with overwhelming need. People meeting with personal disasters don’t have the ability to think straight. Their nerves may be shot. Their confidence may be non-existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person’s situation?
Rushing to offer a struggling person long-term advice is a waste of time. Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you’ll have an opportunity to teach a new skill.
But how do we know whether a person needs a fish before a fishing lesson? Two things: One is the ability to pay attention. We need to know whether the other person is open and receptive, or looking at the world through narrowed eyes? You can’t just take their words but have to look at how the person acts and what they don’t say. The other is empathy(共情). The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To illustrate a concept. | B.To bring in a new viewpoint. |
C.To introduce the background. | D.To put up an example. |
A.Getting rid of. | B.Paying attention to. |
C.Making up for. | D.Putting up with. |
A.Get them to think straight. | B.Enhance their confidence. |
C.Satisfy their primary needs. | D.Teach them a new skill. |
A.Live and learn. | B.Never teach a fish to swim. |
C.Put yourself in others’ shoes. | D.Don’t teach old dogs new tricks. |
A.Before fishing, one must have some fish. |
B.Fishing is not as important as fish. |
C.A lesson in need is a lesson indeed. |
D.Teach a lesson when it is a perfect time. |
A.destiny | B.draw | C.distinction | D.division |
— ________. You didn’t mean to, did you?
A.Forget it | B.Take it easy | C.All right | D.Don’t say so |
9 . College visits are important. Before you commit years of your life and money to a school, be sure you’re choosing a place that is a good match for your personality and interests. You can’t get the “feel” of a school from any guidebook, so be sure to visit the campus. Below are a few tips for getting the most out of your college visit.
Explore on Your Own
Of course you should take the official campus tour, but be sure to allow time to hang around on your own. The trained tour guides will show you a school’s selling points. But the oldest and prettiest buildings don’t give you the entire picture of a college. Try to walk the extra mile and get the complete picture of the campus.
Read the Bullet in Boards
When you visit the student center, academic buildings and residence halls, take a few minutes to read the bulletin boards. They provide an easy way to see what’s happening on campus. The ads for lectures, clubs and plays can tell you what’s going on outside the classrooms.
Eat in the Dining Hall
You can get a good feel for student life by eating in the dining hall. Try to sit with students if you can. Do the students seem happy or stressed? Also, is the food good? Are there enough healthy options? Many admission offices will give prospective students coupons (优惠券) for free meals in the dining halls.
Visit a Class in Your Major
If you know what you want to study, a class visit makes a lot of sense. You’ll get to observe other students in your field and see how involved they arc in classroom discussion. Try to stay after class for a few minutes and chat with the students to get their impressions of their professors and major. Be sure to call in advance to schedule a classroom visit-most colleges don’t allow visitors to drop in at class unannounced.
Talk to Lots of Students
Your campus tour guide has been trained to market the school. Try to talk to students who aren’t getting paid to impress you. These important conversations can often provide you with information about college life that isn’t part of the admission script. Few university officials will tell you if their students spend all weekend drinking or studying, but a group of random students might.
1. What is the best way to know about a college in an official campus tour?A.To walk around the campus by yourself. |
B.To hire a trained tour guide. |
C.To visit the oldest and prettiest buildings. |
D.To take pictures of the campus. |
A.decide the major you want to study |
B.learn about the after-class activities on campus |
C.get free coupons from the admission offices |
D.find out the options of healthy food |
A.drop in at a class in your major | B.ask the professor for permission |
C.make an appointment in advance | D.have a talk with students before class |
A.famous professors | B.campus tour guides |
C.admission officers | D.random students |
A.A news report. | B.A tourist poster. |
C.An educational journal. | D.A geographical magazine. |
A.regularly | B.particularly | C.gradually | D.typically |