1.发出邀请；
2.冬令营的主题、时间、地点和主要活动；
3.期待回复。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jake,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
1.信息来源，写信目的；
2.自我介绍，申请理由；
3.表达谢意，盼望回复。
注意：
1.字数100字左右；
2.注意电子邮件（书信）的写作格式。
3 . One key to getting along well with people is knowing when to say you’re sorry.
Show your regret. The other person needs to see that you have suffered, too.
Repair the damage.
Use good timing.
Remember, it’s not about who “won” or “lost”. It’s about keeping a strong friendship.
| A．Take responsibility and explain. |
| B．An apology must correct the injury. |
| C．Apologize right away for little things. |
| D．But it’s hard to apologize. |
| E．Come right out and say you are sorry or ashamed. |
| F．Sometimes little comments or actions can hurt or offend others. |
| G．You may know it right away that you have done something hurtful. |
4 . China's space program took a major leap recently when it successfully landed the Zhurong rover(登防车) on Mars marking the country's first landing on another planet. Teams then rolled the rove onto the Martian ground and begin a mission to search for evidence of water and signs of past life.
The touchdown makes China the second county in history to land a rover on the surface of Mars. After months in orbit around the red planet, the Tianywen-l Spacecraft released the Zhurong rover for a landing in Utopia Planitia, a vast plain that may once have been covered by an ancient Martian ocean.
“Landing safely on Mars is a huge challenge, especially for China's first soft landing attempt," said Long Xiao, a scientist at the China University of Geosciences, "But it is a necessary step for Mars and deep-space exploration."
Mars is significantly harder to land on than the moon, says Michel Blanc at the Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology in France. But China has had a series of successful lunar missions that prepared it for a Mars landing.
China will openly share the data from Tianwen-1 and Zhurong the same way it has shared data from its lunar exploration missions, Long says, benefiting scientists around the world.
The mission will also set the stage for China’s next planned voyage to Mars---a sample---return attempt scheduled to launch around 2028.Beyond Mars, the country has plans to launch a Jupiter probe(探测仪), including a possible landing on the moon Callisto, to collect samples from a near-Earth asteroid(小行星), and to send a pair of spacecraft toward the edges of the solar system.
“In the age of ocean exploration, China has a history of Zheng He's voyages to Southeast Asia and Africa," says Zhang Xiaoping at the Macau University of Science and Technology, referring to early 15th-century explorations. Zhang views China's Mars mission as a continuation of these Ming Dynasty journeys.
1. What can be known about the Zhurong hovers?| A．It lands in an ocean on Mars. |
| B．It provides evidence of life on Mars. |
| C．It was transported to Mars by Tianwen-1. |
| D．It marks the first human exploration on Mars. |
| A．Lunar exploration is more difficult than Mars exploration. |
| B．China made successful soft Manding attempts on Mars before. |
| C．China's latest space exploration can benefit the whole world. |
| D．Mars exploration is the significant step to prepare for lunar exploration. |
| A．The specific task of Tianwen-1. |
| B．The background of Mars exploration. |
| C．The timeline of China's lunar exploration. |
| D．The plan for China's further space exploration. |
| A．To compare him with other explorers in history. |
| B．To highlight the significance of Mars exploration. |
| C．To praise his great achievement in ocean exploration. |
| D．To inspire the readers' imagination in space exploration. |
Eating shows originated in South Korea and soon became
As a result, nowadays, when searching keywords such as “eating show” or “big stomach king” on the websites in China, what users see is a reminder that
Previously, food waste in China was a common occurrence. According to a joint report
Therefore, it's time to enhance public
After all, good food consumption habits are signs of social progress and civilization.
6 . What kind of amusing activities will you participate in during your life? Will you be spending your free time doing safe sports with little danger or will you always be one of the first people to try the next popular extreme activity? Scientists have been interested in finding out why some people seem to prefer dangerous activities.
Although there are exceptions, researchers have found that in most cases men are less cautious than women. Men often try to impress women by proving that they are courageous and fearless, and they are more likely to take risks when women are watching them or when they are competing against other men.
Research also shows that as people get older they usually behave more responsibly and avoid taking unnecessary risks. In addition, when people are in stable relationships, they seem to be less attracted to daring activities.
Some people seem to be more daring than others, but there are many different types of risks and some people take one type of risk, but not another Psychologists have identified a number of categories of risk. These include financial risks, risks related to health and safety, amusing risks and social risks. Psychologists discover that some people will take risks in one area, but not in another. Just if a person enjoys bungee (蹦极) jumping, it doesn't mean he or she will take chances when investing (投资) money or that he will tell a joke to a group of strangers.
Interestingly, research shows that women take more social risks than men. They are more likely to make career changes as they get older and to express unpopular opinions in business meetings.
Yet, at the end of the day, the likelihood of particular people taking a risk depends on their personalities. In general, optimistic people are more likely to take risks because they focus on the possible positive outcomes of their actions. On the other hand, those with opposite personality are much more likely to avoid taking a chance.
1. What have researchers discovered about women?| A．They are always changing jobs. | B．They are good at doing business. |
| C．They are more willing to take risks. | D．They are more conservative than men. |
| A．To attract women to watch them. | B．To have favorable effects on women. |
| C．To announce risks are too dangerous. | D．To show their strength to the competitor. |
| A．The potential consequences. | B．Their characters. |
| C．Their problems of finance. | D．The focuses of their work. |
| A．People's sense of taking risks. | B．Risks at people's different ages. |
| C．Different types of people's risks. | D．Risks between men and women. |
1. I broke my foot yesterday afternoon while playing the football with my classmates．
2. I would be very grateful how you could meet him at the airport．
3. We admire her for her speaking English fluent．
4. I've got a cold； that's because I wouldn't like to go out．
5. It is so an interesting thing that we all like it．
6. Computers play important part in modern life．
7. We expect people to give off the habit of smoking．
8. The plane is arrive in 10 minutes．
9. Susan has been dreaming about travel to Lijiang．
10. When I woke up， I found some sheep eat grass．
8 . Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
1. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?| A．They fed them. | B．They named them. |
| C．They trained them. | D．They measured them. |
| A．By drawing a circle. | B．By touching a screen. |
| C．By watching videos. | D．By mixing two drinks. |
| A．They could perform basic addition. | B．They could understand simple words. |
| C．They could memorize numbers easily. | D．They could hold their attention for long. |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Health. | C．Education. | D．Science. |
9 . Connecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology. Tasks that once required a postage stamp or carrier pigeon are now as simple as tapping a name or even a face on your screen, and you’re connected. But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violating certain new rules for communicating. A big one for some: Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call. But that’s just the beginning.
“I’m usually pretty mild and not much bothers me,” said Mark Angielle, a 29-year-old office manager from White Plains, New York. But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message — “K.” “At the very least reply with, Got it.” he said “At least give me a few words here. You’re not that busy.”
There are hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of others who have taken Lo social media to express their distaste for people who don’t follow the unwritten rules of digital communication.
“These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon we’ve seen in the past,” said James Ivory, professor of communication a Virginia Tech. In the same way that generations and small groups of friends have their own slang and customs, internet culture has given birth to technology-dependent beings that have their own unique set of routine.
But not everyone gets the point. Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues (线索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.
“As soon as people aren’t talking face to face, the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness of the body language,” Ivory said, “People immediately fill that gap by using emoji (表情符号) to sum up a feeling in seconds.
“There's great potential for danger,” Ivory warned. “What's considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.”
1. What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph 2?| A．He is a businessman with a bad temper. |
| B．He complains about social manners. |
| C．He can’t bear one- word messages. |
| D．He dislike a busy business life. |
| A．John says “I got it.” to his boss face to face. |
| B．Jim calls Bill without confirming in advance. |
| C．Mary texts Lily to make sure if she can call her. |
| D．Jack sends “Thanks a lot” to his business friends. |
| A．Emoji cannot sum up feelings. |
| B．People use their own slang and customs. |
| C．There are large quantities of written rules. |
| D．People gets wrong messages without clear clues. |
| A．To obey their own digital communication rules. |
| B．To be aware of rules during digital communication. |
| C．To use advancing technology even with disadvantages. |
| D．To keep pace with digital communication development. |
10 . Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world.
Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupundure，cupping and massage (针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on US.swimmer Michael Phelps' back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment.It is therefore disheartening to know that-while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture，not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.
Herbs, are made into pills,powder and soup, and the kind of herbs uscd1 their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately,standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.
Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity, While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyour's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(疟疾）treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.
1. The author mentions the example of Michael Phelps in order to show .| A．he was injured in his swimming. |
| B．cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. |
| C．westerners know a little about TCM. |
| D．westerners attach great importance to TCM. |
| A．Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases |
| B．Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture |
| C．Because western medicine 15 more effective |
| D．Because medicine made out or Chinese herbs develops slowly |
| A．The methods of processing herbs. |
| B．The effectiveness of prescription. |
| C．Lacking in standardization. |
| D．Its unstable functions. |
| A．medicine-making companies lack creativity. |
| B．prescriptions are got from the past. |
| C．Western companies are more experienced. |
| D．medicine-making companies lack driving force |
