1 . Students meet at the university campus for classes during their 20s. This classical model of time, action and place has traditionally produced famous universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalization of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the Internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with fast development of technology. Universities must realize that learning in the 20s won’t be enough.

By teaching foundational knowledge and up-to-date skills, universities need to provide students with the future-proof skills of lifelong learning, not just get them ‘job-ready’. Some universities already play an important role in lifelong learning as they want to keep the value of their diplomas (文凭). This new role comes with a huge set of challenges and needs largely to be invented. One way to start this transformation process could be to go beyond the ‘diploma model’ to adapt university education to lifelong learning. We call this model the lifelong learning passport.

The Bachelor’s degree could be students’ passport to lifelong learning. For the first few years, students would ‘learn to learn’ and get endowed with reasoning skills that remain with them for the rest of their lives. For instance, physics allows students to observe and integrate (融合) observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. Mathematics is the language used to develop the laws of physics or economy. These two subjects naturally form the basic pillars (支柱) of education in technical universities.

Recent advances in computational methods and data science push us into rethinking science and engineering. Computers increasingly become the most important actors in processing data and formulating questions, which requires completely new ways of reasoning. Therefore, a new subject integrating computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning technical subjects all your life.

According to this new model, the Master of Science (MSc) would become the first stamp in the lifelong learning journey. The new MSc diploma becomes a set of accomplished projects and a list of technical skills. It is open-ended and must be updated throughout life, as technologies and their applications change faster than ever.

Universities have a fundamental role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change. The old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not supporting its abolition (废除) but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today.

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A．Technological development challenges the university model.

B．The classical model serves famous universities well.

C．Students don’t meet at campus due to digitalization.

D．Universities continue to improve worker skills.

2. What can be learnt from the passage?

A．The students get a lifelong passport with a Bachelor’s degree.

B．The three pillars help with continuous learning in technology.

C．Physics and mathematics are enough for learning technology.

D．MSc programmes are the most important for lifelong learning.

3. What does the underlined phrase “get endowed with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Be concerned with.	B．Make room for.
C．Be equipped with.	D．Make preparations for.

4. What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Changes to university projects

B．Importance of Lifelong Learning

C．Development of Further Education

D．Necessity to Adapt University Model

2 . 同伴压力可能会发生在当我们被影响去做一些我们不经常做的事情的时候，因为我们想被我们的同伴接受。(汉译英)

3 . Exploring Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people.     1    

One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists.     2     All people must interact with others whether it is at home or at a workplace. People respond to these interactions in a wide number of ways. For instance, the person may not know why he or she is bothered by a specific action at work. However, the person who has studied psychology has an obvious advantage in this area.

Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. As the person learns about the human mind, how it works and why people behave in specific manners, the person may also begin to recognize both harmful and helpful thought patterns in himself or herself.

This may lead the person to an increased level of self-awareness.     3     It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. Individuals who are more self-aware are more likely to accomplish their goals and dreams.

    4     A person may enter a vast field where psychologists and those trained in psychology work. These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field.

    5     As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose.

A．Self-awareness is a vital skill for any person to have.

B．It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.

C．As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.

D．A psychology major examines the science of human behavior and mental processes.

E．All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer.

F．The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities.

G．However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.