1 .

It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.

A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15. 4 degrees off to the observer’s right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you. “ This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.

This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.

Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him.

To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected(和……相交) Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right.

So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name.

1. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”___________.

A．attracts the viewers to look back

B．seems mysterious because of her eyes

C．fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers

D．looks at the viewers wherever they stand

2. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?

A．

B．

C．

D．

3. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______.

A．confirm Horstmann’s belief

B．create artificial-intelligence avatars

C．calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze

D．explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.

B．The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.

C．Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.

D．The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgement.

2 . After the fire，________________ would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes.

A．that	B．it
C．what	D．which

3 . 完形填空（共20小题）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Several years ago, while attending a communication course, I experienced a most unusual process. The instructor asked us to list _______ in our past that we felt _______ of, regretted, or incomplete about and read our lists aloud.

This seemed like a very _______ process, but there’s always some _______soul in the crowd who will volunteer. The instructor then _______ that we find ways to _______ people, or take some action to right any wrong doings. I was seriously wondering how this could ever _______ my communication.

Then the man next to me raised his hand and volunteered this story: “Making my _______, I remembered an incident from high school. I grew up in a small town. There was a Sheriff _______ of us kids liked. One night, my two buddies (伙伴) and I decided to play a ________ on him.

After drinking a few beers, we climbed the tall water tank in the middle of the town, and wrote on the tank in bright red paint: Sheriff Brown is a SOB (畜生). The next day, almost the whole town saw our glorious________. Within two hours, Sheriff Brown had us in his office. My friends told the truth but I lied. No one ________ found out.

Nearly 20 years later, Sheriff Brown’s name ________ on my list. I didn’t even know if he was still ________. Last weekend, I dialed the information in my hometown and found there was a Sheriff Brown still listed. I tried his number. After a few ________, I heard, “Hello?” I said, “Sheriff Brown?” Paused (停顿). “Yes.” “Well, this is Jimmy Calkins.”

“And I want you to know that I did it.” Paused. “I knew it!” he yelled back. We had a good laugh and a ________ discussion. His closing words were, “Jimmy, I always felt bad for you ________ your buddies got it off their chest, but you were carrying it ________ all these years. I want to thank you for calling me...for your sake.”

Jimmy inspired me to ________ all 101 items on my list within two years, and I always remember what I learned from the course: It’s never too late to ________the past wrong doings.

1.

A．something

B．anything

C．somebody

D．anybody

2.

A．ashamed

B．afraid

C．sure

D．proud

3.

A．private

B．boring

C．interesting

D．funny

4.

A．foolish

B．polite

C．simple

D．brave

5.

A．expected

B．suggested

C．ordered

D．demanded

6.

A．connect with

B．depend on

C．make apologies to

D．get along with

7.

A．improve

B．continue

C．realize

D．keep

8.

A．notes

B．list

C．plan

D．stories

9.

A．any

B．most

C．none

D．all

10.

A．part

B．game

C．trick

D．record

11.

A．view

B．sign

C．attention

D．remark

12.

A．also

B．even

C．still

D．ever

13.

A．appears

B．considers

C．presents

D．remembers

14.

A．angry

B．happy

C．doubtful

D．alive

15.

A．words

B．rings

C．repeats

D．calls

16.

A．cold

B．plain

C．nervous

D．lively

17.

A．in case

B．so long as

C．unless

D．because

18.

A．around

B．out

C．through

D．away

19.

A．build up

B．make up

C．clear up

D．give up

20.

A．regret

B．forgive

C．right

D．punish

4 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
In recently years many young people prefer to go shopping on the Internet. People have different opinion about online shopping. Some think online shopping was more convenient and the goods are cheap. However, other believe it is unsafe to buy goods by credit card. And it is possible to check the quality of the goods.
As far as I am concern, going shopping in a store is a better way. It is a fun to walk around stores and looking at various goods on sale. We can choose what we really need and even find a good bargain. However, we can chat with the shop assistant and acquire a lot of useful information.

5 . 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项（A.B.C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others. -- Jonathan Swift
I walked into a wild third-grade classroom. Music was playing ____, children were under tables applying make-up, kids were throwing a football indoors, and students were ____ wherever they could find ____ I was a mid-year ____ The previous ____ said he could no longer manage these children and ____ without notice during the holiday break.
As soon as I walked in the room, I realized why he ____ I sat down ____ in my chair and began reading their ____ softly. After each name, I ____, asking God to help me understand that child. I then nailed a____ to the wall next to the chalkboard and began ____ my name and a reading assignment on the board. I then asked each child to come to me, and tell me their names and what they wanted to learn. It was a ____ task, because only two children there wanted to learn something! Rules were ____, boundaries established, parents contacted. But the mirror saved the day -- no, the year! Unbeknownst(不知的) to the children, the mirror allowed me to see their every ____ while I was writing on the board. They soon became ____ as to how I knew who was misbehaving while I was writing on the board. When one student finally asked me, I told him I had a special teacher’s eye in the back of my head that my hair ____ At first they did not believe me. ____ they did begin to exhibit better behavior, especially while I wrote on the board, thinking I had magical ____ I never told them differently. Why ____ a good thing?1.

A．softly

B．clearly

C．loudly

D．peacefully

2.

A．speaking

B．laughing

C．standing

D．dancing

3.

A．space

B．music

C．partner

D．joke

4.

A．representative

B．replacement

C．reference

D．reward

5.

A．teacher

B．headmaster

C．director

D．leader

6.

A．retired

B．remained

C．resigned

D．returned

7.

A．went

B．came

C．left

D．disappeared

8.

A．angrily

B．restlessly

C．indifferently

D．quietly

9.

A．names

B．faces

C．figures

D．minds

10.

A．prepared

B．prayed

C．protected

D．preferred

11.

A．board

B．mirror

C．cross

D．picture

12.

A．noting

B．copying

C．writing

D．drawing

13.

A．difficult

B．different

C．distant

D．direct

14.

A．dated

B．written

C．worked

D．set

15.

A．make

B．move

C．matter

D．mind

16.

A．pleased

B．puzzled

C．known

D．worried

17.

A．covered

B．hooked

C．hung

D．displayed

18.

A．So

B．However

C．And

D．But

19.

A．view

B．scene

C．eyes

D．vision

20.

A．mix up

B．bring up

C．mess up

D．burn up

6 . –-I feel down now. All my work goes for nothing.
---___________. That’s life.

A．You are cut out for it.

B．It happens

C．No problem

D．That’s it

7 . The famous reporter, who is said to have gone back to America last year, _____in China for almost twenty years.

A．lived

B．was living

C．has lived

D．had lived

8 . “We do look very different; we’re older. Leo’s 38, I’m 37. We were 21 and 22 when we made that film. You know, he’s fatter now -- I’m thinner.” So says Kate Winslet, who is thrilled at the 3-D re-release of Titanic to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the ship’s demise. “It happens every time I get on any boat of any kind." She recalls. There are all the people who want her to walk to the front of the ship and re-create her famous pose, arms flung wide. Most people remember the tragedy: The British passenger ship—said to be unsinkable—hit an iceberg and sank on April 15, 1912, during its maiden voyage from England to New York City. More than 1,500 people died. But little known is what the world learned from the sinking to prevent future incidents.
Probably the greatest deficiency (不足) of the Titanic was that she was built 40 years before the widespread use of the wonderful invention radar (雷达). Her only defense against icebergs and hidden obstacles was to rely on manned lookouts. On that fateful night the eyesight of trained lookouts only provided 37 seconds of warning before the collision.
Traveling at nearly 30 miles an hour, the Titanic was moving far too fast to avoid the huge iceberg. The warning did prevent a head-on collision as the officer on the bridge managed to turn the ship slightly.
The last ship to which it could send an SOS message was the California. She was within ten miles of the Titanic during the disaster, but her radio operator went to bed at midnight and never received any of the SOS messages from the Titanic. That was one of the important lessons learned from the catastrophe, the need for 24-hour radio operators on all passenger liners.
Another lesson learned was the need for more lifeboats. The Titanic remained afloat (漂浮) for almost three hours and most of the passengers could have been saved with enough lifeboats.
1,500 passengers and workers died in the 28 degree waters of the Atlantic. Out of the tragedy, the sinking did produce some important maritime reforms. The winter travel routes were changed to the south and the Coast Guard began to keep an eye on the location of all icebergs. The new rules for lifeboats were obvious to all. There must be enough lifeboats for everybody on board.
The most important lesson learned was that no one would ever again consider a ship unsinkable—no matter how large or how well constructed. Never again would sailors place their faith in a ship above the power of the sea.
1. The text mainly tells us ______.

A．the reason why the Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean

B．how the unsinkable ship of Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean

C．the lessons that we could learn from the accident of the Titanic

D．the things we should do to protect the lives on the ship

2. According to the passage, which of the following could we infer?

A．If the captain had been more careful, he could have had the chance to save the Titanic.

B．If radar had existed 40 years ago, the Titanic would have never disappeared from the world.

C．If the lookout had had much more experience, he could have had the time to save the Titanic.

D．If there had been enough lifeboats on the Titanic, the Titanic would not have sunk in the Atlantic.

3. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Lessons from the Titanic	B．Technology is Important
C．Demands of Passengers	D．Power of Sea

4. What’s the sailors’ attitude towards the ships after the tragedy?

A．They think there really exists the unsinkable ship.

B．They think ships could eventually defeat the sea.

C．They think there is no power that could control the sea.

D．They think the bigger the ship is, the safer it is.