1 . Stephen Hawking not only changed the way people thought about science, but he also changed the way people viewed ________ . Diagnosed(诊断) with motor neurone disease in his twenties, many of his scientific discoveries were made while his body was ________ .

When Hawking studied at Oxford University, he had a ________ for being lively, humorous and popular. ________ , during his final year at Oxford, he fell over for no particular reason. When noticing his speech began to be ________, Hawking sought medical help. It was then that he was diagnosed with the disease. Doctors at the time gave him less than two years to ________.

Luckily, he survived. However, after his diagnosis, his ________ failed quickly. Throughout the 1960s, he required stick to walk, ________ a wheelchair for many years. It was only by the end of the 1960s that he ________ accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid.

Despite Hawking's poor health, he made some important scientific ________. It was in 1974 that he discovered what now is ________ as "Hawking radiation". Later, in 1988, Hawking published his book A Brief History of Time.

It was his ________ —focusing on what was possible rather than impossible—that defined (定义) his public image. His books made science easily ________ to a wider public. Hawking once said, "My advice to other people would be: ________ things your disability doesn't prevent you from doing well, and don't ________ the things it interferes with(干扰). Don' t be disabled in spirit, as well as physically.”

1.

A．nature

B．disability

C．knowledge

D．space

2.

A．growing

B．recovering

C．shaking

D．failing

3.

A．fancy

B．request

C．preference

D．name

4.

A．Therefore

B．Besides

C．However

D．Instead

5.

A．unclear

B．boring

C．brief

D．incorrect

6.

A．relax

B．study

C．live

D．adapt

7.

A．health

B．mind

C．sight

D．memory

8.

A．preparing

B．seeking

C．refusing

D．pushing

9.

A．obviously

B．formally

C．accidentally

D．eventually

10.

A．experiments

B．illustrations

C．achievements

D．researches

11.

A．tried out

B．referred to

C．ended up

D．set up

12.

A．determination

B．creativity

C．potential

D．carefulness

13.

A．acceptable

B．accessible

C．suitable

D．affordable

14.

A．believe in

B．leave behind

C．gather up

D．concentrate on

15.

A．mourn

B．share

C．forget

D．admit

2 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Amazon launched shopping carts(购物车) that track items as shoppers add them and automatically(自动地) charge them, allowing shoppers to avoid waiting in the checkout line. Amazon hopes to make the shopping experience    1     (efficient) than that of other physical stores.

Nevertheless, shoppers must have an Amazon account and a smart phone     2     (use) a Dash Cart. Each cart is equipped     3     cameras that can recognize items as they     4     (place) in the cart. The cart also has coupon (优惠券) scanner     5    applies any discount to the shopper's order. As shoppers add and remove items, a screen on the front of the cart shows how     6     they need to pay. When they're ready to leave ,shoppers exit through the store's Dash Cart passage.

"They don't have to learn any new shopping behavior, so they won't refuse     7    (shop) with the cart," said Dilip Kumar, Amazon's' vice president of physical retail and technology. "Once they sign in with their phone, they can     8     (simple) put the phone away and their normal way that they shop     9     (stay) the same. Besides, we have     10     (secure) measures to protect their personal information.”

3 . The end of the library?

When was the last time you went to your local library? Last week? A month ago? A year ago? For many reasons, fewer people borrow books from libraries. With advances in technology, it is now possible for people to download and read whatever they like on electronic devices such as Kindles at any time. It has been argued that doing this is cheaper than buying hard-copy books.     1       

Call me old-fashioned.     2     I like to have printed books lining my bookshelves. I love the smell of a new book and I enjoy leafing through paper pages. Besides, libraries offer a quiet place to sit, read, think and do research, and a real escape from the outside world. When I was at university, I often spent hours at the library and borrowed numerous journals, articles and other printed materials, as it was just too expensive to buy new books every week.     3     They're particularly suitable for students.

    4    At home, my local library hosted actors, historians and other speakers during the town's yearly art and literature festival. Well-known authors are also invited to libraries to give speeches or lead discussions about their work. These events are a great way to attract people of all ages in the community.     5    

There are still many fantastic ways to use libraries. Maybe we just need to try to recognise them.

A．Libraries are free.

B．I've never got into the e-book.

C．I made friends with the school librarian.

D．Libraries often organise a series of interesting activities.

E．They're also a great way to encourage the use of libraries.

F．They plan to hold an all-night reading activity in the library.

G．They are also lightweight, making them perfect for travelling

4 . Paired up in the right setting, dogs and horses can have their fair share of fun—at times even playing together and mimicking each other's facial expressions, new research suggests. These findings, published in the journal Behavioural Processes, mark the first example of so-called rapid facial mimicry occurring between play partners of different species, and indicate the existence of a universal language of play. Though the purpose behind play remains unclear, scientists believe the behavior arises to help animals improve hunting and social skills, relieve stress or develop relationship with each other, study author Elisabetta Palagi says, an animal behaviorist at the University of Pisa in Italy.

Learning more about the contexts in which different animals play around—especially across branches of the tree of life—could tell researchers a lot about play's origins and evolution. But apart from a handful of studies featuring humans and their pets, scientists haven't had many chances to analyze examples of interspecies play.

In 2018, when someone sent Palagi a YouTube video featuring a dog and a horse playing together, she took the chance to research further. The two species, she noted early on, were especially good research objects of interspecies friendship, because they had both been shown to recognize facial expressions in other animals.

Putting together a team of research students, Palagi began to collect and analyze hundreds of other videos with dogs and horses partnering in play. Only 20 videos ended up meeting the team's requirements: showing animals freely playing on their own, without human interference, for at least30 seconds.

Several common themes quickly arose. When playing, dogs and horses often mirrored each other's moves, jumping and pushing at each other. They also rolled on their backs and showed their throats and stomachs—a strong sign that they were at ease and even communicating their friendly intentions. Despite millions of years of evolution between them, the two species had found common ground for the only purpose of fun, said Palagi.

The two animals also frequently copied each other's facial expressions, both using the relaxed, open mouths—behayior that had never been noted between a pair of animals of different species. Horses and dogs may look and behave in extremely different ways, says Barbara Smuts, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Michigan who wasn't involved in the study. But fun is perhaps a language that doesn't need to be taught. Two very dissimilar animals, Smuts says, can still discuss how to play in a way that's comfortable for both.

1. What do scientists find about dogs and horses?

A．They share similar facial expressions.	B．They can build up a lasting relationship.
C．They often share hunting and social skills.	D．They have a special way to communicate.

2. How did Elisabetta Palagi study dogs and horses further?

A．By playing with dogs and horses together.	B．By pairing up dogs and horses in a setting.
C．By watching videos showing their play scene.	D．By recording their play for 30 seconds every day.

3. What does the underlined part "at ease" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?

A．Feeling relaxed.

B．Looking similar.

C．Getting smart.

D．Turning sociable.

4. What is the significance of the study?

A．It can help humans get along with animals.	B．It studies interspecies play for the first time.
C．It explains animals' way of communicating.	D．It analyzes animals' facial expressions in detail

5 . Picture an everyday scene. You’re in a high street coffee shop. All around you people are drinking coffee. Some people are chatting with friends and others are using their mobile phones. In a corner of the coffee shop an internet café has been set up. At one table a couple of teenagers are laughing at a message in a chat room, while at another table an old man searches the Web for something.
Now imagine this scene through the eyes of a technologist from 100 years ago. This is someone who has thought carefully about how technology and society might develop during the twentieth century.
Surprising may be the realization that some of the people here are working in an easy way. Most surprising perhaps will be the technological tools most people seem to be using. The technologist is aware of the telephone, which was invented about 30 years earlier. But most of these twenty-first century people seem to have wireless pocket-size personalcommunicatorsthey can use to send messages or speak to anyone anywhere in the world.
Some are using a handheld machine that contains thousands of pieces of information that can be accessed instantly, and can do calculations in a fraction of a second that would have taken a team of operators with mechanical calculators hours or even days. And these machines, like the only slightly larger versions in the corner, can be connected to a global brain from which the people can call up almost any information, news, idea, opinion or gossip that exists anywhere on the planet.
Most of the changes in technology, compared to 100 years ago, are due to the continual inventive activity of a large number of people. Most of us don’t do anything other than maybe form a vague idea about how a product or process might be improved. In some people, however, this inventive drive is so strong that they act on it.
1. The author tries to tell us in the first paragraph that__________.

A．people around you all like drinking coffee

B．people chat with each other by mobile phone

C．we are living in a modern society

D．we are making use of the Internet

2. The author uses the word “communicators” to mean __________.

A．telephone	B．mobile phone
C．vision phone	D．computer

3. The author is describing________ in the fourth paragraph.

A．a mechanical calculator

B．a machine held in one hand

C．a pocket-size communicator

D．a laptop computer

4. It can be inferred from the text that_____________.

A．with an computer, you can access almost any information that exists anywhere on the planet

B．in any internet café you can search the Web for how technology and society may develop in 2000 years

C．the continual inventive activity of a large number of people will cause more innovations

D．act on a vague idea and you are sure to be able to make a surprising invention in the future.

6 . 阅读理解

Loulan, an ancient city in the Lop Nur, was first “discovered” by Swedish explorer Sven Hedin in 1900. The finding of Loulan brought about new and unexpected fame for the ancient history of the Central Asia and thus began the exploration of the Taklamakan Desert.

The City of Loulan is known both in China and throughout the world as the Middle Kingdom’s ‘Pompeii’ in the desert and one of the cradles of the civilization. It wasn’t hard to imagine how excited Sven Hedin must have been when he was awarded the Victoria Medal by the Royal Geography Association. From that point forward, the mysterious covering of Loulan was gradually lowered and was no more a silent unknown hero but became an immediate worldwide sensation (引起轰动的事). Adventurers from America, Britain, Japan and Sweden, including Huntington, Stein, Otani Kozui and Bergman set foot here for several times. In the 1930s, Chinese archaeologist Huang Wenbi came here for the first time and made a survey of this area, which was found even then in terrible conditions due to uncontrolled digging with many wonderful cultural historic relics taken away to distant foreign lands.

In 1979, a group of tombs called Sun Tombs, known for their unique and attractive burial forms, were unearthed in the Gumugou Graveyard, the public graveyard of the Lop Nur citizens in the Bronze Age. In early 1980s, in the Tiebanhe River Delta area of the lower reaches of the Peafowl River in Lop Nur, a female mummy dating back some 3,800 years was unearthed and was considered by the Japanese as the “Loulan Beauty”. This set off a wave of current exploration of the Silk Road.

The archaeological unearthing being currently conducted in the Xiaohe (Small River) Graveyard is now the focus of the world’s most important academic event. The Xiaohe Graveyard, 175km west of the City of Loulan, is located in the lower reaches of the Peafowl River in the Lop Nur. When the Graveyard was found, it is said that there were some 1,000 coffins. It is large in scale with sand dunes(沙丘) as high as eight metres, on which about 140 wooden stakes(树桩) in various shapes were closely arranged. These burial customs are, to say the least, unusual… with the unearthed relics dated back to China’s most ancient days.

1. Which of following statements shows the correct position of the City of Loulan?

A．It lies in the Tiebanhe River Delta

B．It lies in the lower reaches of the Peafowl River

C．It lies south of the Gumugou Graveyard.

D．It lies 175 km east of the Xiaohe Graveyard.

2. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word ‘Pompeii’?

A．A city as world famous as the Middle Kingdom’s “Pompeii”.

B．A buried city in the desert with great historical value.

C．A buried city to be unearthed like the Italian city “Pompeii”.

D．A city visited by many archaeologists all over the world like “Pompeii”.

3. From the passage, it can be inferred that_____________.

A．it was a Chinese archaeologist that first discovered the City of Loulan

B．it is of the greatest importance and value to be unearthing the Xiaohe Graveyard

C．foreign adventurers did much damage to the exploration and relics of the City of Loulan

D．one after another important discovery about Loulan was made, causing worldwide sensation

7 . —Excuse me, sir. My visa is due at the end of this month. Can I _____ it?
—Sure. You can just go to the Public Security Office in our city to fill in some forms.

A．postpone	B．confirm
C．expand	D．extend