1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

OpenAI publishes Elon Musk’s emails. ‘We’re sad that it’s come to this’

OpenAI fired back at Elon Musk, who sued the ChatGPT company last week for chasing profit and     1     (diverge) from its original, nonprofit mission. Tuesday night, OpenAI published several of Musk’s emails from the early days of the company that appear to show Musk acknowledging OpenAI needed to make a ton of money to fund the incredible computing resources needed to power     2     AI ambitions.

In the emails, parts of     3     have been redacted (修订), Musk argues that the company stood virtually no chance of building a successful generative AI platform by raising cash alone, and the company needed to find alternate sources of revenue to survive.

In a November 22, 2015, email to CEO Sam Altman, Musk, an OpenAI co-founder, said the company needed to raise much more than $100 million to “avoid sounding hopeless.” Musk suggested a $1 billion funding commitment and promised that he would cover     4     did not get raised.

OpenAI in a blog post Tuesday night said Musk never followed through on his promise,     5     (commit) $45 million in funding for OpenAI,     6     other donors raised $90 million. Lawyers for Musk declined to comment on OpenAI’s claims.

Musk, in a February 1, 2018, email, told company executives that the only path forward for OpenAI was for Tesla, his electric car company, to buy it. The company refused, and Musk left OpenAI later that year.

In December 2018, Musk emailed Altman and other executives that OpenAI would not be relevant “    7     a dramatic change in execution and resources.”

“This needs billions per year immediately or forget it,” Musk emailed. “I really hope I’m wrong.”

OpenAI executives agreed. In 2019, they formed OpenAI LP, a for-profit entity that exists within the larger company’s structure. That for-profit company took OpenAI from effectively worthless to a valuation of $90 billion in just a few years — and Altman     8     (credit) as the mastermind of that plan and the key to the company’s success.

Microsoft has since committed $13 billion in a close partnership with OpenAI.

Musk’s complaint,     9     (file) last week in California state court, said that company and its partnership with Microsoft violated OpenAI’s founding charter, representing a breach of contract. Musk is asking for a jury trial and for the company     10     (pay) back the profit they received from the business.

2 . A Neurologist’s Tips to Protect Your Memory

As we age, our memory declines. This is a fixed ___________ for many of us; however, according to neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and clinical professor, decline is not ___________.

Ultimately, “we are what we can remember,” he said. Here are some of Dr. Restak’s tips for developing and ___________ a healthy memory.

Pay more attention.

Some memory lapses are actually attention problems, not memory problems. ___________, if you’ve forgotten the name of someone you met at a cocktail party, it could be because you were talking with several people at the time.

One way to pay attention when you learn new information is to ___________ the word. Having a picture associated with the word, Restak said, can improve ___________.

Find regular everyday memory challenges.

There are many memory exercises that you can ___________ into everyday life. Dr. Restak suggested composing a grocery list and memorizing it. When you get to the store, don’t ___________ pull out your list (or your phone) — instead, pick up everything according to your memory.

Once in a while, get in the car without turning on your GPS, and try to ___________ through the streets from memory. A small 2020 study suggested that people who used GPS more frequently over time showed a steeper cognitive ____________ in spatial memory three years later.

Play games.

Dr. Restak’s “favorite working memory game” is 20 Questions — in which a group thinks of a person, place or object, and the other person, the questioner, asks 20 questions with a yes-or-no answer. Because to succeed, he said, the questioner must hold all of the ____________ answers in memory in order to guess the correct answer.

The point is to ____________ your working memory, “maintaining information and moving it around in your mind,” Restak wrote.

Read more novels.

One early indicator of memory issues, according to Dr. Restak, is ____________ fiction. “People, when they begin to have memory difficulties, tend to switch to reading nonfiction,” he said. Fiction requires active engagement with the text, starting at the beginning and working through to the end.

____________ technology.

Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it,” Dr. Restak said, which can ____________ our own mental abilities. The second way our relationship with technology is harmful to memory is because it often takes our focus away from the task at hand.

1.

A．accomplishment

B．assumption

C．regulation

D．observation

2.

A．inevitable

B．dispensable

C．reverse

D．doubtful

3.

A．striking

B．enduring

C．arousing

D．maintaining

4.

A．Nevertheless

B．Moreover

C．For instance

D．Instead

5.

A．demonstrate

B．trace

C．discover

D．visualize

6.

A．recall

B．sight

C．target

D．instinct

7.

A．enclose

B．integrate

C．evolve

D．impose

8.

A．steadily

B．actively

C．gradually

D．automatically

9.

A．adjust

B．rush

C．gesture

D．navigate

10.

A．performance

B．decline

C．awareness

D．increase

11.

A．modest

B．original

C．previous

D．personal

12.

A．engage

B．drain

C．insert

D．fulfill

13.

A．devoting to

B．concentrating on

C．giving in to

D．giving up on

14.

A．Beware of

B．Stick to

C．Long for

D．Differ from

15.

A．counter

B．stock

C．erode

D．strengthen

3 . 汪小姐踌躇满志、废寝忘食，想找到一家愿意与她合作的牛仔裤加工厂为其生意注入新鲜活力，不料四处碰壁。(only) (汉译英)
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4 . 从小县城发家，这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才，在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。(originate) (汉译英)
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5 . 这个旅行发烧友如愿以偿在社群中找到了一个很合得来的旅游搭子。(share) (汉译英)
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6 . 你要认识到：如果感觉困难，放平心态，那是因为它真的很难。(take) (汉译英)
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7 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Preventing Resistance

The development of drug-resistant pathogens (病原体) can be prevented in at least three ways. First, sufficiently high concentrations of the drug can be maintained in a patient’s body for a long enough time to kill all sensitive cells and hold others long enough for the body’s defenses to defeat them. Discontinuing a drug before all of the pathogens have been neutralized promotes the development of resistance. For this reason, it is important that patients finish their entire antimicrobial prescription (抗菌药物) and resist the temptation to “save some for another day.”

A second way to prevent resistance is to use antimicrobial agents in combination so that pathogens resistant to one drug will be killed by the second, and vice versa. Additionally, one drug sometimes enhances the effect of a second drug in a process called synergism. Enhanced effect can also result from combining an antimicrobial drug and a chemical.

A third way to reduce the development of resistance is to limit the use of antimicrobials to necessary cases. Unfortunately, many antimicrobial agents are used indiscriminately, in both developed countries and in lessdeveloped regions where many are available without a physician’s prescription. In the United States, an estimated 50 percent of prescriptions for antibacterial agents to treat sore throats and 30 percent of prescriptions for ear infections, are inappropriate because the diseases are viral in nature. Likewise, because antibacterial drugs have no effect on cold and flu viruses, 100 percent of antibacterial prescriptions for treating diseases are unnecessary. As discussed previously, the use of antimicrobial agents encourages the reproduction of resistant bacteria by limiting the growth of sensitive cells; therefore, inappropriate use of such drugs increases the likelihood that resistance of bacteria will multiply.

In order to maintain the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments, responsible practices must be implemented.

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8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. applauding	B. boost	C. commodity	D. cover	E. estimate	F. harmonious
G. prizing	H. standardized	I. surfaced	J. time-honored	K. tune

Luxury brands used to speak in monologues. However, nowadays, influencers are becoming the ambassadors of those luxurious brands.

In the age of social media, the buyers are having a voice in products, in particular, the influencers. These individuals have won large followings by     1     and attacking occasionally a variety of products. Their fame stems from the clever use of Instagram, Snapchat or TikTok. Their posts seem trivial. Their business isn’t.

For consumers, influencers are at once a walking advert and a trusted friend. For the brands, they are a(n)     2    . And for regulators, they are the subject of ever closer review. On March 29th, news reports     3     that China’s authorities were planning new restrictions concerning livestreaming platforms. The limitations     4     how much money internet users can spend tipping their favorite influencers, how much those influencers can earn from fans and what they are allowed to post.

There hardly exists any     5     of the size of the influencer industry. One in 2020 from the National Bureau of Statistics in China, where influencers gained prominence earlier than in the West, assessed its contribution to the economy at $210bn, equivalent to 1.4% of GDP. As with many things digital, the pandemic seems to have given it a(n)     6     as more people were glued to their smartphones more of the time. The influencer ecosystem is challenging the     7     principle of luxury-brand management. Apart from being one-directional, campaigns have tended to be     8    , unchanging and expensive. The same smile from the same photograph of the same Hollywood star would induce passers-by to purchase an item for many years. Such star-led campaigns can be unappealing to teenagers and 20-somethings     9     authenticity over timeless glamour. And influencers, with their girl-or boy-next-door charm, offer this for a small portion of the fee of a big-name star. The best ones are able to repackage a brand’s message in a way that is     10     with their voice, their followers’ tastes and their platform of choice. So to be a top-ten brand, you have to know how to play the digital game. If you don’t, you are not going to be top ten for very long.

9 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Over the past decade or so, biologists have shown that we are filled with microbiomes (微生物组), inside and out. This microbiome,     1     (compose) of bacteria, fungi and viruses, profoundly influences our health and fitness and sometimes is even linked to our emotional state.

The oral microbiome gets far less attention, but we     2     (know) of it for a long time. In 1891, US dentist Willoughby D. Miller first proposed that bacteria could leave the mouth, travel to other parts of the body and cause disease. We only began to get supporting evidence in 1989, when researchers noticed that people who had experienced a heart attack were rated as having oral health that was about twice as poor as     3     of a control group. Even when age, social class and smoking habits     4     (account) possible factors, the results remained almost the same. A solid link seemed to be there.

More recently, thanks to DNA sequencing technology, by cataloguing the microbes in our mouths, we are now finding that the types of bacteria people have     5     (live) there seem to be associated with a growing number of conditions like cancer. Perhaps the most striking example is Alzheimer’s disease. It can be found that people with gum (牙龈) disease are     6     increased risk of developing this condition, which slowly robs people of their memories, personalities and cognitive function. However, until recently, it was unclear     7     poor oral health was a contributing cause of Alzheimer’s or a consequence of it.

Then, in 2019, scientists discovered some species of bacteria known     8     (cause) gum disease — including one called Porphyromonas gingivalis — which are inside the brains of people who died of Alzheimer’s disease. If the mouth bacteria were getting into the brain, that lent weight to the idea that they could be a cause of Alzheimer’s.

Researchers are still trying to grasp how this could happen.     9     the mechanism is, they note that there may be a way you can protect yourself in advance. Dental scientists at the University of Melbourne, Australia, is developing a vaccine against gum disease     10     you can reduce the risks of gum diseases significantly.

10 . 当父亲听说女儿在大学中的优异表现时，他满面春风、容光焕发。(hear) (汉译英)
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