1 .

Eyes in the sky Several space telescopes planned for Launch after the James Webb Space Telescope（JWST）promise to deliver incredible science. Here are three of the most important.
Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars （PLATO） Expected launch date: 2026 This European Space Agency project will search a million stars looking for blips in their light that indicate the presence of an orbiting planet. Similar kinds of previous telescopes have only been able to see planets that are close to their stars and so pass in front of them frequently. Plato will linger on each star for longer and so has the chance to detect planets that are more distant from their star, with a longer orbital period. In particular, the mission is focused on trying to spot signs of rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone, the narrow region of a star system in which temperatures are right for liquid water. It also has the tools to characterize such worlds, providing clues to how Earth-like they may be.	Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Expected launch date: 2025 Like the James Webb Space Telescope, the Roman Space Telescope, named after the first female executive at NASA, will observe mainly infrared radiation. But while the JWST focuses on detail, Roman is going for the big picture. The telescope has a panoramic（全景的）field of view more than 100 times greater than the JWST’s. During its first five years, Roman will image more than 50 times as much sky as the Hubble Space Telescope covered in its first 30 years. That will allow it to make the first wide-field infrared maps of the sky. It is hoped this will help solve mysteries like the true identity of dark matter and dark energy. Astronomers can see the influence of these substances on the universe but have not been able to explain what they are.	Laser Interferometer Space Antenna（LISA） Expected launch date: 2034 We first detected gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of space, in 2015. So far, we have seen waves from black hole and neutron star collisions（碰撞）. LISA, a mission led by the European Space Agency, will be a much larger gravitational wave detector than existing ground-based ones. It will consist of three spacecraft positioned 2.5 million kilometres apart in a triangular formation. This space detector will be sensitive to gravitational waves with extremely low frequencies. Among other things, it could allow us to spot planets in other galaxies just from the subtle way in which they influence the gravitational waves produced by their parent stars. Until now, all confirmed discoveries of exoplanets have been in our own Milky Way galaxy.

1. What can we know about PLATO?

A．It is designed to detect gravitational waves in the fabric of space.

B．It is aimed to look for planets that are closely orbiting their stars.

C．It is the first of its kind to be able to see blips in the stars’ light.

D．It observes each star for longer so as to detect more distant planets.

2. What are the differences between the Roman Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope?

A．The Roman Space Telescope can observe infrared radiation while the JWST cannot.

B．The Roman Space Telescope has a larger field of view compared to the JWST.

C．The James Webb Space Telescope make the first wide-field infrared maps of the sky.

D．The James Webb Space Telescope can image more than 50 times as much sky as the Roman.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．All of the three space telescopes are being led by the European Space Agency.

B．With the help of LISA, we might be able to find planets outside of the Milky Way galaxy.

C．Getting wide-field infrared maps of the sky, scientists are sure to spot what dark matter and dark energy are.

D．Scientists have already confirmed the clues to the existence of all the exoplanets with the aid of gravitational waves.

2 . While some say school safety depends on guns, cameras or alarms in classrooms, Mark Gomer and Kristi Schiller think specially trained dogs should play an important role in preventing violence in schools.

Gomer’s for-profit company has sent a gun-and-drug detecting dog to patrol (巡查) the halls of an Ohio high school, while Schiller is launching a nonprofit program in Houston to give schools the trained dogs for free.

Gomer’s first full-time safety dog is a three-year-old Dutch shepherd named Atticus, who is reported to duty this school year at Oak Hills High School in Green Township in southwest Ohio. The dog was trained at the school before the summer break, said Gomer, co-owner of American Success Dog Training in Bridgetown, Ohio. Atticus has won over students, parents, teachers and district Superintendent Todd Yohey, who initially worried what people would think of him spending $10,000 on a dog. Gomer has talked to a lot of parents and faculty, and they are saying it was money well-spent, he said.

For her part Schiller is looking to provide safety dogs to schools free of charge. She hopes her new initiative, program “K9S4KIDS”, does for schools what her program “K9S4COPS” did for police departments. She has placed more than 60 dogs with agencies in three years. “These dogs are extremely social, yet highly qualified warriors that are accustomed to going straight to the source of a threat or shooter and disengaging the suspect armed with the weapon,” said Schiller.

As the programs get up and running, questions remain about possible health problems and distractions the dogs can cause.

A school safety expert said those are concerns parents and schools will have to work out. Ken Trump, president of the Cleveland-based National School Safety and Security Services consulting firm, discussed the issue in general because he was not familiar with either program.

He said the dogs would have to be extremely social to deal with students’ initial excitement “Kids are going to like those dogs,” Trump said, “There are concerns to work around, but with the right dogs and right handler and the right policies and procedures, they should be very beneficial. The dog might be a distraction in the beginning, but they will become part of what students expect to see when they go to school.” “There is so much these dogs can do,” said Ted Dahlin, a deputy who serves on the K9S4COPS board of directors. “If I were going to pick a school to make trouble, it would be one that I knew didn’t have a dog.”

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Gomer’s program?

A．Atticus is only welcomed by students.

B．Atticus is provided to the schools free of charge.

C．The main job of Atticus is to patrol a school in Houston.

D．Parents and faculty think the money spent on Atticus is worthwhile.

2. Schiller’s comment on the dogs she provides indicate that ________.

A．dogs have a sharp sense of threat and danger

B．she is confident that the dogs are helpful in schools

C．dogs are a kind of helpful, loyal and qualified animal

D．even suspects armed with weapons are afraid of dogs

3. We can conclude that Ken Trump ________.

A．believes that dogs can be part of students’ school life

B．is a school safety expert supporting one of the programs

C．doesn’t approve of students’ attitudes about dogs in schools

D．agrees that the concerns outweigh the benefits of the program

4. What Ted Dahlin has said implies that ________.

A．he is not going to make trouble in schools

B．having a dog strengthens a school’s safety

C．he likes dogs and really wants to have one

D．more should be considered for planning a crime

3 . If you are experiencing physical symptoms that could indicate burnout, consider seeing your primary care doctor or a mental health professional to determine whether they are driven by stress or rooted in other physical condition, Dr. Dyrbye said. Don’t just take no notice of the symptoms and assume they are _________.

“It’s really easy to _________ your own symptom, especially in our culture, where we are taught to work hard,” Dr. Gold said.

If it is burnout, then the best solution is to _________ the root of the problem. Burnout is typically recognised when it is job-driven, but chronic stress can have a variety of _________ — financial problems, relationship difficulties, and caregiving burdens, among other things. “Think about the pebbles in your shoe all the time that you have to _________,” Dr. Maslach said, “and brainstorm ways to _________ some of them, at least some of the time. Perhaps you can ask your partner to help more with your toddler’s bedtime routine, or get takeout when you’re especially busy so you don’t have to plan dinner, too.”

Despite popular culture coverage of the issue, burnout can’t be “fixed” with better self-care, Dr. Maslach said — in fact, this _________ only worsens the problem, because it lays the blame and responsibility on those with burnout and implies that they should do more to feel better, which is not the case, she said. However, some lifestyle _________ can make burnout less likely. Social support, for instance, can help, Dr. Gold said. This could include talking to a therapist or meeting with friends (even if over Zoom). It may also help to _________ mental health or exercise benefits offered by your employer. Sleeping more can help too — so if you’re __________ from a lack of sleep, talk to a doctor about possible treatments, Dr. Bennett suggested.

When burnout __________ job-related difficulties, it may help to request better working conditions. Dr. Maslach suggested brainstorming with co-workers and presenting your __________ with ideas that would help — like providing quiet areas for breaks and personal phone calls, creating “no meeting” days so that employees can have more time to __________, or ensuring that there’s always coffee in the break room. Even small changes like these can reduce the risk for burnout if they fix a problem people __________ at work every day. “It’s the lasting job stressors that make people really __________ after a while. They don’t have the right equipment, they don’t have the things they need, they don’t have enough people to do the work,” Dr. Maslach said.

1.

A．beneficial

B．insignificant

C．straightforward

D．overwhelming

2.

A．stress

B．ignore

C．observe

D．recognize

3.

A．address

B．discount

C．conceal

D．stretch

4.

A．subjects

B．signs

C．causes

D．impacts

5.

A．pass on

B．write down

C．rely on

D．deal with

6.

A．relieve

B．remove

C．recover

D．remark

7.

A．implication

B．innovation

C．indication

D．intention

8.

A．audiences

B．choices

C．performances

D．sentences

9.

A．take charge of

B．have interest in

C．take notice of

D．make use of

10.

A．suffering

B．shocking

C．spreading

D．motivating

11.

A．accounts for

B．depends on

C．results from

D．contributes to

12.

A．employer

B．librarian

C．customer

D．participant

13.

A．ensure

B．focus

C．revise

D．check

14.

A．neglect

B．witness

C．encounter

D．emphasize

15.

A．amazed

B．delighted

C．surprised

D．frustrated

4 . 在发现研究结果并不确凿后，对科研充满热情的呦呦决心在自己身上测试该药物，最终找到了正确的疗法。(conclusive) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________

5 . 在经历多个世纪的兴衰的过程中，中国始终能及时调整其发展战略，传承其优秀文化。(pass) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 面对文化冲击，我们要做的是尽量避免迷茫与沮丧。(shock) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Directions: choose the right phrases in the box to fiul in the blanks. Chenge the form if necessary.

run into        tend to       dawn on        pass down        persist in live through        thanks to

1. ______mobile libraries, these homeless people can borrow books more easily.
2. It gradually_______ him that nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
3. Success only belongs to those who______   their dreams.
4. Humans_____ their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education.
5. Most people in this kind of job_______ work long hours.
6. He______ Kris in the corridor a few minutes ago.

8 . It will not be long ____man can use the solar energy and make it serve mankind.

A．since

B．before

C．when

D．after

9 . I once got lost on East Nanjing Road in a boiling sea of people. Music blared from every store. Having nowhere to sit and nowhere to stand, I was begging to be teleported to some deserted island. Even for extroverts (性格外向者) like me, who get energy from the _________ , Shanghai is overwhelming (令人难以招架的). I can’t imagine what it’s like during the holidays when the party animals, who have a fear of missing out, hit the streets to have fun. 

At times like these, I truly envy people who are introverted (内向的) and prefer their own thoughts and _________ world to being around other people. Introverts are self-sufficient and don’t need other people to be happy. They can be happy by themselves. It’s a _________ belief that introverts are lonely or shy, and that they would be much happier if they _________ their comfort zones and became more talkative. 

It is, therefore, fitting that January 2 is World Introvert Day. Following _________ full of glittering lights, bright colors and small talks, introverts might feel in need of some alone time to recharge. The day also _________ the positive points of introverted personalities, emphasizing that being the quiet one is not only acceptable but something to be _________.

Yet, society in general prefers _________ because, among other reasons, they tend to go out more and spend more money, which is good for the economy. For this reason, families often pressure their introverted kids to attend large _________ and fake being social butterflies to improve career prospects (前景). __________ this is sometimes necessary, to be happy, it is essential to be accepted for who we are.

1.

A．street

B．crowd

C．adventure

D．thoughts

2.

A．inner

B．outer

C．material

D．real

3.

A．negative

B．common

C．false

D．true

4.

A．came along with

B．kept staying in

C．looked forward to

D．stepped out of

5.

A．nights

B．holidays

C．weekends

D．weekdays

6.

A．gathers

B．highlights

C．loads

D．prefers

7.

A．discussed

B．criticized

C．praised

D．pursue

8.

A．introverts

B．customers

C．extroverts

D．teenagers

9.

A．schools

B．meetings

C．gatherings

D．lectures

10.

A．While

B．Since

C．If

D．Once

10 . 他面对如此棘手的问题，感到束手无策。 (Such…; face)
Such _____________________ that he doesn’t know how to deal with it/what to do with it.