1 . There’s a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect. That’s where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. What’s more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK.
This bias (偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors. Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.
In Australia, people who admitted to poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law. They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view. The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a-lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”, or to publicly buy eco-friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors. Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
1. Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect?| A．A student spends long hours surfing the internet. |
| B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts. |
| C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places. |
| D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking. |
| A．It is unacceptable. | B．It is widespread. |
| C．It is controversial. | D．It is complex. |
| A．Embrace green habits for better health. |
| B．Make green choices that others can perceive. |
| C．Join green movements for personal fulfillment. |
| D．Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores. |
| A．Understate social norms. | B．Highlight personal responsibilities. |
| C．Publicize sustainable practices. | D．Encourage technological innovations. |
2 . The NCPA (国家大剧院) has accepted more than four million visitors with a series of 284 exhibitions covering oil paintings, music instruments, intangible cultural heritage and more. The NCPA provides you with performances and shows every day. Whenever you see a sunrise or sunset the curtain her never falls down.
Shape of MusicShape of Music — A Cross-Sense Experience is an art exhibition jointly launched by the NCPA and the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Visual artists will create animated (动画的) works based on the feelings brought by different music pieces.
The NutcrackerThe ballet The Nutcracker is produced by the Harbin Ballet. Zhang Dandan, the famous ballet artist the head and artistic director of the Harbin Ballet, and the chief director, together with the international choreographer Peter Quanz and many other top domestic and foreign artists, create a large-scale ballet. The ballet has now had its first public performance at the Harbin Grand Theater and has achieved complete success.
Xu Li’s Impressionistic Oil PaintingsIt is the first exhibition of new oil paintings by Xu Li in recent years, which gives shape to natural mountains and rivers throughout the country. He continuously pours out his appreciation and perception of the beautiful China
Pear Garden Culture-Themed ART ExhibitionAbout 100 traditional Chinese paintings and oil paintings are displayed under three themes — “Ancient Tone &New Tune”, “Cultural Inheritance” and “Review for More Knowledge” at the exhibition to introduce, present and spread the opera culture in the form of paintings, promoting the expression of the opera culture through the re-creation of painting art.
Booking tickets: please click here.Working hours: 9:30AM-19:30PM (CST) on performance day
9:30AM-18:00PM (CST) for days without performances
1. If you are interested in dancing, which will you probably go for?| A．The Nutcracker. | B．Shape of Music. |
| C．Xu Li’s Impressionistic Oil Paintings. | D．Pear Garden Culture-Themed ART Exhibition. |
| A．They are available for free. | B．They are exhibition of oil paintings. |
| C．They are re-creation of performing arts. | D．They are related to traditional Chinese culture. |
| A．A website. | B．A brochure | C．A newspaper. | D．A magazine. |
3 . Mom looked at the awards banquet (宴会) invitation as though she had received
The year before I’d started kindergarten, my mom bought pre-school workbooks. She began my education with
Mom expressed her
At the awards banquet, I sat by my best friend,
The over-all achievement medals were given out last Mom’s head
I
| A．welcome | B．bad | C．latest | D．incredible |
| A．mistake | B．joke | C．promise | D．trap |
| A．pain | B．courage | C．perseverance | D．eagerness |
| A．ended up | B．added to | C．gave up | D．thought of |
| A．remarkable | B．natural | C．wrong | D．risky |
| A．embarrassed | B．interrupted | C．motivated | D．entertained |
| A．expectation | B．concern | C．hesitation | D．responsibility |
| A．free | B．hard | C．early | D．fine |
| A．mental | B．academic | C．behavioral | D．technical |
| A．fitted in | B．targeted at | C．stood out | D．started with |
| A．boasted | B．hated | C．reported | D．enjoyed |
| A．struggling | B．surviving | C．declining | D．promising |
| A．So | B．But | C．Because | D．If |
| A．arguing | B．laughing | C．confused | D．saddened |
| A．hungrier | B．happier | C．quieter | D．calmer |
| A．attention | B．interest | C．face | D．breath |
| A．tuned | B．rose | C．nodded | D．rested |
| A．greeted | B．handed | C．whispered | D．sighed |
| A．clearly | B．frequently | C．eventually | D．barely |
| A．intention | B．wisdom | C．significance | D．impression |
| A．understanding | B．fascination | C．glimpse | D．challenge |
Bonnie raised her granddaughter alone after the girl’s parents died. She hated her granddaughter’s art and wanted her to stop drawing. But everything changed when Mr. Henderson, a famous cartoonist, appeared at her doorstep.
One day, Bonnie called out to Amy as she took the chicken out. “Dinner is ready, honey! Come soon!” But Amy didn’t answer.
Bonnie finished setting the table and served them dinner, but she still didn’t hear a response from Amy. “Amy? Honey, your dinner is getting cold! Are you coming?” she asked her 10-year-old granddaughter again.
When Amy didn’t respond, Bonnie climbed the stairs to the girl’s room and pushed the door open. Amy sat at her desk, with her headphones on. At first, Bonnie thought Amy was studying, but then she noticed the drawing sheet on the table in front of Amy. Bonnie frowned (皱眉) in anger.
“Amy!” Bonnie screamed, and the girl turned around and removed her headphones.
“Granny? I… I was just…” Amy said.
Bonnie stormed up to Amy’s desk, and the little girl tried to cover the drawing, but it was too late.
“Did you finish your math homework, little girl? Mrs. Warren called me today. And she told me you’ve been ignoring her assignments!” Bonnie said angrily.
“I’ll finish the homework,” Amy said. “I was planning on doing it once I finished the sketch (素描) I was working on, Granny.”
“I’m tired of that hobby of yours, Amy! You’re no longer doing those drawings!” Bonnie went on. “Those things you draw are not going to help you in the future! You finish your dinner, and then you’ll be doing your homework. You’re not leaving the house to play with your friends until you finish your homework. Am I clear?” Bonnie said and stormed out of Amy’s room.
Minutes later, Amy walked into the kitchen and quietly sat at the table. They began eating dinner in silence. Bonnie was already in a terrible mood, so she didn’t ask about Amy’s day like she usually did. Suddenly, the doorbell rang.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Amy answered the door and was surprised to see Mr. Henderson.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bonnie hesitated for a long time and decided to ask Mrs. Warren for advice.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A total of 99 traditional culture enthusiasts, mostly in their 20s and 30s,
Initiated by Shandong Radio and Television Station in
The show invited four famous
Meng Man, a professor at the Minzu University of China, quoted some of
7 . Establishing a strong professional image helps individuals maintain positive workplace relationships and present themselves appropriately. In this article, we provide four tips to help you develop your professional image.
To show professionalism when you interact with others, you can use certain verbal (口头的) and nonverbal techniques. Consider using a clear speech pattern to help you convey your purpose and express accurate information. It may be helpful to sustain some eye contact and monitor the volume of your voice.
Use social media thoughtfully
Increase your time management skills
Remain punctual (准时的) when attending meetings, presentations or other events, which can show others your strong sense of professionalism. To increase your chances of starting an event on time, you can prepare your materials beforehand. Consider using a planner or scheduling application to organize events during a workday.
Strengthen your emotional intelligence
Emotional intelligence involves the ability to perceive the moods of others and change your behavior accordingly.
| A．Improve your communication style |
| B．Achieve better communication among friends |
| C．It’s important to be mindful of your online image |
| D．You can also practice active listening during conversations |
| E．Emotional intelligence may serve to point us in the right direction |
| F．You can also set timers to better understand how long each task takes |
| G．It may be helpful to learn about the priorities and motivations of others |
1. 最喜欢的食物；
2. 喜欢的理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Favorite Food
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9 . Earlier this week, a mother called Meems posted a video online asking users to help her with a task.
This was the first time that her daughter had
Last week, Dr Hanson, a conductor and assistant professor of music at Seattle Pacific University, invited Meems and her daughter to attend the National Association for Music Education’s Northwest Division Conference where he
Feeling
| A．Laughing at | B．Throwing away | C．Adapting to | D．Pointing to |
| A．wrote | B．heard | C．spread | D．found |
| A．recognize | B．teach | C．play | D．change |
| A．allowed | B．tried | C．suggested | D．imagined |
| A．curious | B．humble | C．honest | D．conservative |
| A．letter | B．report | C．video | D．advertisement |
| A．showed | B．received | C．recorded | D．estimated |
| A．highlight | B．noise | C．news | D．decision |
| A．behavior | B．homework | C．plan | D．composition |
| A．conducted | B．criticized | C．praised | D．interrupted |
| A．frightened | B．surprised | C．stressed | D．disappointed |
| A．forgot | B．thanked | C．refused | D．cheated |
| A．light | B．mind | C．life | D．market |
| A．accident | B．business | C．view | D．response |
| A．friendship | B．hope | C．music | D．knowledge |
10 . Conventional chemical fertilizers (化肥) aren’t among the most eco-friendly substances in the world. Not only do they pollute the environment if they get into waterways, but they also reduce nutrients in the soil over time. What’s more, they’re relatively expensive.
Seeking a greener and more sustainable alternative, some farmers have started applying nitrogen-fixing bacteria (固氮细菌) to their crops. These bacteria absorb nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and turn it into ammonia in the soil. That ammonia provides the plants with nutrients, restores poor soil, and boosts the plants’ natural defenses against pest insects.
One problem with the bacteria, however, is the fact that they are very sensitive to heat and humidity (湿度). This means they don’t stand up well to being shipped out to farms from a central source.
With these drawbacks in mind, Asst. Prof. Ariel Furst and her colleagues at MIT have created a method of coating the bacteria in tiny “metal-phenol network” (MPN) shells (外壳). The shells contained organic compounds called phenols, which are generally regarded as safe by the Food and Drug Administration.
This new coating technology could make such bacteria more widely available than ever before. On one hand, these coatings don’t block the bacteria’s growth or functions. On the other hand, they do provide protection from heat and humidity. The coated bacteria can even be freeze-dried, then shipped and applied to crops.
Furst’s team created 12 different MPNs which comprised metals such as iron, manganese, aluminum and zinc, all of which are considered safe for use as food additives. When these MPNs were used on nitrogen-fixing bacteria, all of them were found to protect the bacteria from temperatures of up to 50℃ and from relative humidity of up to 48%.
Furst is now commercializing the technology through a company she founded, called Seia Bio. “When we think about developing technology, we need to intentionally design it to be inexpensive and accessible, and that’s what this technology is.” she said.
1. Why are conventional chemical fertilizers mentioned in the first paragraph?| A．To lead in the topic. | B．To show their advantages. |
| C．To provide an example. | D．To explain how to use them. |
| A．They prefer high temperatures. | B．They are insensitive to humidity. |
| C．They reduce nutrients in the soil. | D．They are environmentally friendly. |
| A．MPN shells. | B．The plants. |
| C．Chemical fertilizers. | D．The coated bacteria. |
| A．It may help farmers to ship crops. |
| B．It can be widely applied. |
| C．It might be accessible to more companies. |
| D．It will limit the growth of bacteria. |
