| lie in store do justice to like peas and carrots in the form of over the long term in honor of draw on not to mention light up sign up for make up for clear up |
1. He did not yet know what
2.
3. Growing up, the two of them were
4. The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated
5. His enthusiasm
6. Chinese pop culture, whether
7. He
8. It is the rule of our school that the student who is on duty should
9. His eyes
10. The number of students who
3 . Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 创伤后应激障碍) is a mental disorder that develops among people who have experienced or observed traumatic things such as wars, disasters or other violent events. At the heart of PTSD is a memory that cannot be controlled. It can affect the everyday lives of its sufferers in forms such as flashbacks, nightmares and anxiety.
A new study done by researchers from Yale University and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City suggests that patients with PTSD process their traumatic memories differently than regular memories.
The researchers did brain scans of 28 PTSD patients. I hey asked the patients to listen to recorded narrations of their own memories. Some of the recorded memories were neutral, some were simply “sad”, and some were traumatic.
They found that when the patients listened to the sad memories, the hippocampus (海马体), which is responsible for forming memories, was activatea. But when they listened to the traumatic memories, a different area, called the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC. 后扣带回皮质), was engaged. The PCC is not a memory region. Instead, it regulates internal experiences, such as daydreaming.
The more severe PTSD symptoms are, the more active the PCC is. “The brain doesn’t look like it’s in a state of memory; it looks like it is a state of present experience.” Daniela Schiller, one of the authors of the study, told The New York Times. “That means people with PTSD feel as though they’re experiencing the traumatic event again in the present moment, rather than thinking back on it like atypical memory.”
The new finding might hold hope for new PTSD therapies (治疗). Future therapies are expected to focus on helping PTSD patients return their traumatic memories to the hippocampus so that they can treat them as regular and non-disruptive (非破坏性的) memories. Changing the ways of thinking could help the brain reduce the feeling of immediate threat caused by trauma, according to Ilan HarRaz-Rotem, one of the paper’s authors.
1. What is the core issue regarding PTSD according to the text?| A．An uncontrollable memory. | B．Brain damage. |
| C．Anxiety disorders. | D．Nightmares. |
| A．Their hippocampus was closed. |
| B．Their internal experiences were blocked. |
| C．Their PCC area became active. |
| D．Their regular memory function improved. |
| A．memory recall | B．daydreaming |
| C．current experience | D．boredom |
| A．Controlling the hippocampus. |
| B．Removing the feeling of threat. |
| C．Normalizing their traumatic memories. |
| D．Changing their brain structure. |
1. Where should the students wait for the bus?
| A．By the school gate. | B．At the bus stop. | C．In the playground. |
| A．A brush. | B．A packed lunch. | C．A drink. |
| A．Feed animals. | B．Play baseball. | C．Climb on a wall. |
| A．At 3:20 p.m. | B．At 3:30 p.m. | C．At 4:15 p.m. |
1. Where are the speakers?
| A．In a car. | B．At home. | C．At Grandma’s house. |
| A．Roast chicken. | B．Apple pie. | C．Fried fish. |
| A．Excited. | B．Surprised. | C．Calm. |
| A．He will go to Grandma’s house by himself. |
| B．He made some cornbread for Thanksgiving. |
| C．He has just finished a business trip. |
6 . Nowadays, the Internet can allow us to step into a world without f
7 . Species (物种) can actually go extinct (灭绝的) more than once. In a biological sense, species become extinct when the last animal of a species stops breathing. But when the species disappears from our shared memory and cultural knowledge, it becomes extinct in a different way — society (与社会有关的) extinction.
The researchers looked at dozens of previous studies to look into how societal extinction happens, finding out contributing factors such as symbolic or cultural importance, how long ago a species was last alive, and how much of a connection it had to humans.
Societal extinction usually but not always happens after biological extinction. Sometimes, both extinctions can happen at the same time, depending on how well and widely known a particular species is.
Most species — such as those far removed from culture, or those too small to be noticed except through a microscope (显微镜) — never have a societal presence to begin with. Meanwhile, for other species, the societal presence can break with reality after a biological extinction.
“Species can remain widely known after they become extinct, or even become more popular,” says conservation biologist Uri Roll. “However, our awareness and memory of such species gradually becomes transformed, and often becomes incorrect, or disassociated from the actual species.”
Take the Spix’s macaw(金刚鹦鹉) for example, currently extinct in the wild: A 2013 conservation report from Brazil surveyed 242 children from the bird’s former habitat, and almost all of them incorrectly believed the species originated from Rio de Janeiro, because of its appearance in the 2011 cartoon movie Rio.
Finally, the researchers found various links between societal extinction and a lack of support for biodiversity protection. So, ifs important to keep the memories and the records of extinct species in order to realize what’s been lost.
1. When does a species most probably become societal extinct?| A．When it has difficulty in breathing. |
| B．When it faces some biological changes. |
| C．When it disappears unexpectedly in nature. |
| D．When it no longer exists in our memory and culture. |
| A．Relationship with humans. | B．Average length of life. |
| C．Biological importance. | D．Shape of the body. |
| A．They are not big enough to be seen. |
| B．They are closely linked to a specific culture. |
| C．They are in the process of societal extinction. |
| D．They are cleared away from scientific studies. |
| A．To draw a conclusion. | B．To prove an opinion. |
| C．To introduce a topic. | D．To make a prediction. |
8 . National Parks, Wyoming
A bike tour is a great way to access busy national parks. This six-day trip is a big loop out of Jackson 5s Rustic Inn Creekside Resort and Spa, with stops along the way to check out hot springs, moose (驼鹿) and the grizzly bear. Available June to September 2022; $3,095, vbt.com
Death Valley, California
This three-day trip starts with a meet and greet in Las Vegas before exploring a ghost town, on foot. Then the biking starts through the desert, heading to a hotel in time to catch a Death Valley sunset. The next day ifs a nearly 50-mile ride to the edge of a crater (火山口). Available October 2021 through December 2022; $1,649, rei.com
Finger Lakes, New York
This 121-mile bike tour snakes its way around Canandaigua lakes and rolling hills over five days. It starts with a wine tasting, then lunch and a ride through farmland. With only about 30 miles a day of riding, there’s plenty of time to try local wines and have a spa. Available June to July 2022;$5,499, trek travel. com
Florida Keys
Unless you book a custom trip, tours that include teens and kids can be difficult to find. Keep younger travelers engaged by mixing bike rides with other activities, like kayaking (独木舟), snorkeling, hiking and stand-up paddle boarding. This five-day trip heads south from Miami, through the Everglades National Park, and out to Key West. Along the way kids can learn to fish like the locals while parents can relax in excellent accommodations. Available December 2021 and December 2022;from $3,999, backroads. com
1. Which tour is the most suitable for families?| A．National Parks, Wyoming | B．Death Valley, California |
| C．Finger Lakes, New York | D．Florida Keys |
| A．Learning to fish. | B．Seeing wild animals. |
| C．Appreciating the sunset. | D．Trying local wines. |
| A．Seeing the world from a bike seat. | B．Having a taste of farm life. |
| C．Exploring local food on a bike trip. | D．Getting the most out of national parks. |
9 . In Portland, dozens of people hiked around Mountain Tabor Sunday morning, walking dogs or jogging before the heat became u
10 . As we targeted our products specifically at young people, our business started
