1 . Small planetary (行星) bodies is the big focus of space exploration in 2023 and People are eager to solve many of the mysteries about these tiny worlds. In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of the solar system’s smaller bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats for humans to live in.

The first task Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) was launched in April 2023 and is scheduled to land in 2031. This spacecraft from the European Space Agency (ESA) is designed to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons: Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. They are thought to have oceans of liquid water beneath their frozen shells.

“The thing we are most interested in is the liquid oceans and in particular with Ganymede –we don’t know the location, the depth ,the composition of these oceans,” says ESA’s Olivier Witasse, the project scientist. “While JUICE has many goals, the most exciting one is to hunt for life there as water is crucial to life ”.

Due to launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2030, the other spacecraft Psyche from NASA is named after the   asteroid (小行星) it will land. Researchers believe Psyche to be an exposed iron core of a young planet. Studying planetary cores is nearly impossible on actual planets because they are so deep underground, so Psyche could present a unique opportunity.

“The core is always crucial. For the Earth, it creates magnetic field and gives off heat,” says one of the researchers of Psyche, “One of the ways to answer why Earth is habitable is to study how it was built, and Psyche is part of that story. We don’t know what we’re going to find, and if blessed, we’re going to be completely surprised because there was no previous data.”

Habitability (宜居性) in our solar system is still a huge mystery, but the two spacecrafts should bring us one step closer to understanding it.

1. What is the aim of the two spacecraft launching tasks?

A．To study planetary bodies.	B．To solve mysteries about worlds.
C．To explore the solar system.	D．To understand how worlds become habitable.

2. According to Olivier Witasse, which of the following statements about JUICE is NOT true.?

A．Its most important goal is to hunt for life.

B．It is scheduled to travel about 8 years before it reaches its destination.

C．It has found there are liquid oceans under frozen shells of Jupiter.

D．It is designed by EAU to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons.

3. What can be learned from Psyche task?

A．Psyche will be launched to explore Psyche.

B．There was a little previous data about the asteroid.

C．People have known how the earth is built through it.

D．Psyche’s core creates magnetic field and gives off heat.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Ganymede attracts particular attention of scientists of ESA.

B．Psyche is key to helping people solve mysteries about space.

C．JUICE is scheduled to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons.

D．The launching of two spacecrafts is to help understand habitability.

2 . A)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2022-09-18 10:58

Air raid sirens echoed through the city of Shenyang, Liaoning province, at 9:18 am on Sunday     1     (remember) the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression 91 years ago.

More than 300 people from all walks of life, including veterans, students and local residents, participated in the commemoration in front of the square of Shenyang 9.18 Historical Museum.

The bell rang 14 times,    2     (represent) the 14 years during     3     the Chinese people fought the invaders. The period has been referred as the     4     (dark) days of modern China.

“The alarm of bell and siren is to salute the brave struggle of that year and warn     5     (we) to remember the history. We bear the future of our motherland, and should cherish the peaceful life,” said Wang Qiming, a local high school student.

On Sept 18, 1931, members of the Japanese Kwantung Army     6     (station) in northeastern China blew up a section of the railway near Liutiaohu and     7     (false ) accused the Chinese military of doing it. Using the incident as a pretext, the Japanese bombarded Shenyang and launched its     8     (invade) of China.

The museum     9     (build) in 1991 to mark the 60th anniversary of the 918 Incident. At present, it houses more than 1,000 precious historical photos and more than 3,000 sets of historical relics.     10     1995, Shenyang has been sounding an air defense alarm every year on this date.

3 . At first glance the sea turtles look as if they were dead because they hardly move. But if you look closely enough, they show a slow glimpse of life. These turtles are all washed up in Massachusetts every December, on the windy beaches of Cape Cod Bay.

Shaver, chief of the Division of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery at Padre Island National Seashore in Texas, said, “If we don’t help save this species, we will lose a piece that enriches us. There’s a whole variety of things that can harm them: oil spills, boat strikes, red tides, and so on.” That is why all the urgent care they’re getting back up North is more important than ever.

Saving could never happen unless hundreds of pilots were willing to volunteer their time, their planes, and their fuel to rush the rescued turtles to willing rehab facilities (康复中心) all around the country.

On this particular mission, Andrews, vice president of a unique nonprofit called Turtles Fly Too, with his dad as a co-pilot, will fly more than 2,000 miles, from Boston, to Atlanta, then on to Gulfport and finally Dallas, dropping off 44 sick sea turtles along the way, in hopes that one day they’ll be well enough to be released. It is worth mentioning that the pilots that are flying these missions are pulling $1 million out of their pocket to fly these missions every year.

With good care and the help of volunteers, these turtles were finally ready to go home again. According to Andrews, “90% of the turtles that we’ve moved to the rehab facilities have ended up back in the ocean.”

“We humans have not always been kind to the sea and those that live in it. But on this day, it was humans-not me, but the hundreds of veterinarians, biologists, volunteers, and pilots—who all came together to give these critically-endangered sea turtles a second chance that they rarely got, ”Andrews added.

1. What happens to the turtles on the beaches of Cape Cod Bay?

A．They are dying out.	B．They are in danger.
C．They adapt to living onshore.	D．They are caught by humans.

2. How did Shaver sound when speaking of the turtle rescue?

A．Thrilled.

B．Annoyed.

C．Concerned.

D．Moved.

3. What contributes most to the turtles’ returning home?

A．The pilots’ generous devotion.

B．The division’s urgent care.

C．The rehab facilities’ willingness to help.

D．The improvement of the turtles’ habitats.

4. What can we say about the rescuing result?

A．It is unsatisfactory.	B．It costs too much.
C．It is controversial.	D．It quite pays off.

4 . A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.

Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.

Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans. Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.

Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.

Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.

1. What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?

A．The appearance of artificial satellites.	B．The components of artificial satellites.
C．The basic function of artificial satellites.	D．The specific mission of artificial satellites.

2. What is the role of computers in artificial satellites?

A．Providing electrical power.	B．Recording changes observed.
C．Monitoring space environment.	D．Processing information received.

3. How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits?

A．By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.

B．By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.

C．By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.

D．By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.

4. Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly?

A．They are more affected by earth’s gravity.

B．They take advantage of rockets more effectively.

C．They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.

D．They are equipped with more advanced instruments.

5 . Research led by ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam shows that birds are affected by the mass use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve up to a distance of 10 km (6 miles) away.

With data from weather radars and bird counts an international team of researchers revealed how many birds take off immediately after the start of the fireworks, at what distance from fireworks this occurs and which species groups mainly react. “Birds take off as a result of an acute flight response due to sudden noise and light. We already knew that many water birds react strongly, but now we also see the effect on other birds throughout the Netherlands, ”says ecologist Bart Hoekstra of the University of Amsterdam. In the scientific journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, the researchers therefore argue for large fireworks-free zones.

Last year, other researchers at IBED discovered that geese are so affected by fireworks that they spend an average of 10% longer looking for food than normal during at least the next 11 days. They apparently need that time to restore their energy to their former condition, after fleeing from the fireworks.

Because 62% of all birds in the Netherlands live within a radius of 2. 5 km of inhabited areas, the consequences of fireworks are high for all birds throughout the country. “Flying requires a lot of energy, so ideally birds should be disturbed as little as possible during the cold winter months. Measures to ensure this are especially important in open areas such as grasslands, where many larger birds spend the winter. The effects of fireworks on birds are less pronounced near forests and semi-open habitats. In addition, smaller birds such as tits and finches live there, which are less likely to fly away from disturbance.”

The authors argue for fireworks-free zones in areas where large birds live. Hoekstra: “These buffer zones could be smaller in areas where light and sound travel less far, such as near forests. Furthermore, fireworks should mainly be lit at central locations in built-up areas, as far away from birds as possible. It would be best for birds if we moved towards light shows without sound, such as drone shows or decorative fireworks without very loud bangs.”

1. What can we learn about the research?

A．It’s the first one about fireworks’ effects on birds.

B．It’s conducted by collecting data from weather radars.

C．It shows the extent of the fireworks’ influence on birds.

D．It keeps track of birds throughout Netherlands and beyond.

2. Why did geese spend more time looking for food?

A．To make up for the lost energy.	B．To store more food in case.
C．To find a new source of energy.	D．To find a place without fireworks.

3. What does the underlined word “pronounced” in Para. 4 mean?

A．Predictable.	B．Noticeable.
C．Admirable.	D．Avoidable.

4. What can be the best title for the passage?

A．Panic in the air	B．Fireworks-free zones
C．Fireworks in the world	D．Birds throughout the country

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What should people do to rent a Nice Ride bike?

A．Show the ID card.

B．Download an app.

C．Get the membership card.

2. Which country has the largest bike-share program?

A．Australia.

B．The US.

C．China.

3. How does the US Department of Transportation support cycling?

A．Build on-street bike lanes.

B．Provide thousands of bikes.

C．Start bike-share programs.

4. Why does the speaker give this talk?

A．To seek advice for Nice Ride.

B．To raise money for bike-share programs.

C．To introduce the bike system in public places.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What did Landon succeed in doing?

A．Managing his own business.

B．Completing a degree in Computer.

C．Getting into a college.

2. How much does Jason’s school charge per year now?

A．$20,000.

B．$40,000.

C．$60,000.

3. What does the man think of college education?

A．It costs less now.

B．It isn’t necessary.

C．It is meaningful.

4. What are the speakers talking about?

A．What major to choose.

B．Whether to go to college.

C．How to pay for university.

8 . Inside a fishbowl, the goldfish — a species of carp native to East Asia, bred for aesthetic delight and traditionally believed to bring good fortune — is among the easiest of pets to keep. But released into the wild, the seemingly humble goldfish, freed from glass boundaries, can grow to large proportions. They can even kill off native marine wildlife and help destroy fragile and economically valuable ecosystems.

“They can eat anything and everything,” said Christine Boston, an aquatic research biologist with Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Over the past several years, Ms. Boston and her colleagues have been tracking invasive goldfish in Hamilton Harbour, which is on the western tip of Lake Ontario (安大略湖), about 35 miles southwest of Toronto.

Their study, published last month in the Journal of Great Lakes Research, could help pinpoint goldfish populations for culling, said Ms. Boston, who is the lead author. “We found out where they are before they start spawning (产卵),” she said. “That’s a good opportunity to get rid of them.”

The fast-growing female goldfish, Ms. Boston noted, can also reproduce several times in one season. “They have the resources,” she added, “and they can take advantage of them.” Their football-shaped bodies can swell to a size that makes them too large a meal for predators (捕食者) — up to about 16 inches long. The feral goldfish are also destructive, uprooting and consuming plants that are home to native species.

Nicholas Mandrak, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Toronto Scarborough, studies in the “dramatically increase” of the wild population in the past two decades. Their spawning explosion, he said, resulted partly from people in densely-populated areas releasing pets in urban ponds. He added, environmental managers tend to forget the goldfish. “They just assume, ‘It’s been there for 150 years — there’s nothing we can do about it.’”

The problem is not unique to Canada. In Australia, a handful of unwanted pet goldfish and their offspring took over a river in the country’s southwest. And the discovery of football-size creatures in a lake in 2021 even led British officials to beg their citizens: “Please don’t release your pet goldfish into ponds and lakes!”

People wrongly believe that because goldfish are “small and cute” they won’t pose a problem when released into the wild, said Anthony Ricciardi, a professor of invasion ecology at McGill University in Montreal.

Goldfish, he added, are just a small part of a vast invasion of non-native species whose outcomes can be unpredictable, and in some cases, are worsened by climate change.

“Under human influence, beasts are moving faster farther in greater numbers, reaching parts of the planet they could never reach before,” he said. “We’re talking about the redistribution of life on Earth.”

1. Which of the statements about the goldfish is correct?

A．Their place of origin is Canada.	B．They are capable of reproducing.
C．They will grow well over 16 inches.	D．They only invade Lake Ontario.

2. What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Killing

B．Controlling

C．Catching

D．Observing

3. All of the following statements are the reasons for the spawning explosion Except:

A．Citizens wrongly set free the fish.	B．Climate change has a negative impact.
C．The environmental management is absent.	D．The food increases in habitats.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Now goldfish are turning into wild monsters.

B．Now goldfish are on the way to become a global issue.

C．Now goldfish are attracting scientists to study in.

D．Now goldfish are threatening the Great Lakes.

9 .

The day starts early for Tang Shengli, a bird protection volunteer in Lanshan county, Yongzhou, Hunan province. At about 5 am, the 60-year-old is in uniform and ready to start his day’s work protecting and recording migratory (迁徙的) birds. Located on the northern side of the Nanling Mountains, Lanshan is an important passageway for migratory birds. From September to December every year, more than 240 species of migratory birds fly from Siberia to Australia via Hunan. In the past 10 years, Tang has recorded more than 120 species of such birds with his camera. “The flight calls of the migratory birds at night attract me so much that I cannot sleep. All I want to do is get up and record them,” Tang says.

When Tang joined the Hunan provincial bird protection organization in 2013, he knew he faced a tough task. Numerous migratory birds were lost each year as a result of killing and illegal trade. At that time, poachers (偷猎者) lit up the hillside to attract the birds there and hunt them. Some nights hundreds of birds would be killed or caught, remembers Liao Changgui, an official with the local forestry bureau.

By day, Tang distributes brochures to villagers in Lanshan to raise public awareness of bird protection, while at night, he goes deep into the wilderness to tackle illegal hunting. “Many villagers didn’t think bird hunting was illegal, and some made a living from it. Our work has affected their business,” Tang explains, adding his wife was threatened at their home in order to stop him doing his work.

To stop poaching, in October 2012, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration issued a notice to prevent the illegal hunting of migratory birds. In December that year, the Hunan provincial government promised to fight against poaching and establish a bird monitoring and protection system. So far, 43 migratory bird protection stations have been built across the province, covering almost all key points on the passageway. In 2020, a “lights out” program started in Lanshan county to prevent the birds from being distracted (使分心).

On Nov 1, the Hunan provincial government issued a ban on hunting migratory birds and other wildlife listed under national and provincial protection. Nationwide, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration is carrying out a two-month special action plan to strengthen patrols and remove illegal hunting equipment in national parks, nature reserves and bird migration routes across the country.

1. Why did poachers light up the hillside according to paragraph 2?

A．To find their way around the hill.

B．To search for birds’ nests and catch them.

C．To draw the birds’ attention to catch them.

D．To lead the birds to fly safely and in the correct direction.

2. What is the possible meaning of the underlined word “tackle” in paragraph 3?

A．Give up.

B．Put off.

C．Call for.

D．Deal with.

3. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?

A．Ways to punish bird poachers.

B．Routes migratory birds fly along.

C．Measures to protect migratory birds.

D．Reasons why poachers try to capture birds.

4. What is a suitable title for the news report?

A．Ensuring birds have a safe passage

B．Important passageway for migratory birds

C．Flight calls of migratory birds at night attract Tang

D．Tang records more than 120 species of migratory birds

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1. What do we know about typing.com?

A．It charges very little.	B．It is suitable for every student.
C．It helps to improve writing skills.	D．It can automatically correct typing errors.

2. Who might be interested in Typing.com?

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B．Salesmen.

C．Athletes.

D．Teachers.

3. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To promote a typing website.	B．To share typing experience.
C．To correct typing mistakes.	D．To teach typing skills.