1 . In recent decades, it has become clear that consumers’ decision-making process is influenced by their emotions. Traditionally, people have been asked how they feel about products and services, but since individuals are often unaware of their own emotions, their responses may not accurately reflect reality.
Consumer neuroscience investigations have helped create a deeper understanding of the role of emotions in consumer-related choices. Emotions can be broadly categorized as positive or negative; examples of positive emotions include love, pride, and happiness, while negative emotions include anger, disgust, and fear. Both types of emotions cause physiological responses.
Distinguishing between different types of emotions is more important than classifying them as positive or negative. When sad, consumers tend to be willing to pay more for goods and are drawn towards high-risk, high-reward options. For instance, an environmentalist shopping at a supermarket might focus on getting one item for free in a two-for-one offer rather than thinking they don’t need two identical products.
Anxiety can reduce the likelihood of making risky choices and make individuals careless about rewards, similar to the effect of some positive emotions. Negative moods like fear and anger also influence risk-related decision-making differently: anger leads to more optimistic assessments, while fear results in more pessimistic risk assessments. Stress is perhaps the most problematic emotion for consumers when it comes to risk-seeking. It’s common for consumers to rush into decisions between work or social activities, feeling pressured to make quick choices. This stress can increase risk-seeking behavior, leading to regrettable decisions.
Purchases often involve making predictions about how we may feel when we have bought something. For example, will buying a new hat make me feel good? Unfortunately, consumers are not good at predicting how they will feel in the future. This means that people often purchase something on the basis that they think it will make them happy. However, as it is common to overestimate the future emotions of happiness linked to products, consumers often feel disappointed with the item as it does not live up to their emotional expectations.
1. What probably causes consumers to make improper decisions?| A．Misjudgement of reality. | B．Unaware of emotions. |
| C．Slow reflection to service. | D．Preference for certain products. |
| A．Love. | B．Pride. | C．Anxiety. | D．Sadness. |
| A．Consider only immediate rewards. |
| B．Avoid making decisions under pressure. |
| C．Focus on product quality when shopping. |
| D．Predict future emotions before making a purchase. |
| A．They accurately predict their future emotions. |
| B．They underestimate the happiness linked to products. |
| C．They have very high requirements for products. |
| D．They don’t get the pleasure they expected of the products. |
2 . My daughter Rachel had severe ADHD (多动症) as a child. The most
Rachel is now twenty-four and has grown into an amazing young woman.
Last week, Rachel and I were shopping in the supermarket when we heard a child’s
As we approached, I could see people whispering to each other and shaking their heads. Then I saw the embarrassment and
She hugged me back, so tightly that I knew she was
Sometimes, a stranger’s kind words during a
| A．critical | B．embarrassing | C．precious | D．entertaining |
| A．in danger | B．in shock | C．in trouble | D．in public |
| A．using | B．raising | C．shaking | D．burying |
| A．Therefore | B．Moreover | C．Instead | D．However |
| A．encountered | B．corrected | C．judged | D．applauded |
| A．record | B．share | C．forget | D．refresh |
| A．scream | B．story | C．appeal | D．laughter |
| A．regretted | B．replied | C．promised | D．suggested |
| A．fear | B．desire | C．pride | D．mercy |
| A．working on | B．preparing for | C．going through | D．dreaming of |
| A．joked | B．assumed | C．declared | D．explained |
| A．grateful | B．polite | C．generous | D．familiar |
| A．annoyed | B．scared | C．surprised | D．excited |
| A．shame | B．disappointment | C．satisfaction | D．relief |
| A．magical | B．stressful | C．peaceful | D．decisive |
3 . Imagine being able to update your wardrobe (衣橱) without spending a dollar. This seemingly too-good-to-be-true idea is entirely possible if you host a clothing swap (交换) party with friends. Here’s how to go about doing it.
Send out an invitation
Invite the right number of people of more than 10 and less than 20.
Set up your living room for the swap
It’s more fun if the space looks like a store, so group like items with like. Fold jeans in a neat pile, clear a table and make a clothing rack (支架) using a long curtain bar.
Make snacks and cocktails
I recently read about a group of mothers in British Columbia who drink Dirty Momma cocktails while swapping clothing on a regular basis.
Take turns shopping
| A．Draw lots to pick who shops first. |
| B．Take all the clothing you bought home. |
| C．It is a common practice to invite guests in Britain. |
| D．Decide which categories of clothing will be swapped. |
| E．Establish a changing room and provide full-length mirrors. |
| F．Give guests at least two weeks to prepare clothing they want to swap. |
| G．Whether or not your group has an established drink, a cocktail makes the experience more fun. |
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.题目已为你写好，不计人总词数。
Take Notes With a Pad?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________China’s first domestically-built large cruise ship (游轮), the Adora Magic City, completed its formal delivery on September 4, 2023. This was a development that experts said showed
The large cruise ship,
The fact that China is able to build aircraft carriers, large LNG carriers and large cruise ships
As cruises are important part of the international tourism market, the
6 . The blind corners of Canadian Motorsports Park pushed Oscar Casasola to the limits as he sped around the racetrack, expertly driving behind the wheel of a flashy Porsche 718 Cayman GT4. Then he powered down his computer and prepared for his lessons.
“I first fell in love with cars and motorsports when I watched the movie Cars with Lightning McQueen as a young child”, the University of Maryland student said. “As I entered into my professional career, looking at my marketing and finance degrees, I started to think about how I could fit those professional aspects into the motorsports industry.”
That attraction to the action and excitement — combined with the high cost of becoming a race car driver — eventually led him to simulated racing (模拟赛车). But as Casasola researched to upgrade his gaming gear (装备), he noticed a gap in the product reviews, “What I came across was just outdated videos of people talking for, like, half an hour long, 50-year-old guys going on about some wheel.”
He started posting his videos on TikTok, with reviews and racing content full of humor and commentary. As the clips started racking up (积累) views, two major simulated racing companies, Thrustmaster and Next Level Racing, sent him gear to feature. Things “snowballed from there,” Casasola said, with his YouTube channel launching in 2020, companies emailing him weekly to review their products, and his audience steadily expanding.
Casasola’s experience in the Robert H. Smith School of Business, where he’s also working on his master’s degree in management, has helped him promote the channel’s growth. Besides classes, he served as president of marketing of the Student Association, working with a committee of five other students to maintain the organization’s social media, boost its follower counts and upgrade its logos and branding.
1. What excited Casasola’s interest in motorsports?| A．A trip to Canada. | B．A childhood movie. |
| C．A computer game. | D．A professional’s advice. |
| A．They were old-fashioned. |
| B．They appealed to the senior. |
| C．They gave wrong information. |
| D．They were too professional to understand. |
| A．Casasola’s contribution to the school |
| B．what Casasola’s interest has brought to him |
| C．relevant experiences matter to Casasola’s success |
| D．how other students help Casasola gain popularity |
| A．Making Better Use of Video Platforms |
| B．Keeping Searching for Better Gaming Gear |
| C．From a Management Major to a Racing Driver |
| D．From Simulated Success to Real-world Opportunity |
In the classroom of Class 7, Grade 8, students were excited about an upcoming event. The school had organized a speech competition titled “Ways to Become Successful,” and many students were eager to showcase their public speaking skills. Among them was 13-year-old Zora, who, had already won two speech contests and was full of confidence that she could win again.
Zora volunteered to represent her class in the competition, and after a round of voting, she was chosen as the class representative. Although there were only seven days left until the big day, Zora felt a sense of ease about the competition. After all, she had been here before and knew what it took to win.
At home, Zora’s father congratulated her on her achievement, while her mother reminded her to take the competition seriously. Despite her parents’ advice, Zora was convinced that her past successes meant this would be a walk in the park. Her teacher also urged her to prepare diligently, but Zora only sought help once to revise her initial draft.
As the days went by, Zora did not put in the necessary effort to refine her speech. When the day of the competition arrived, she was hit with a sudden wave of panic. She couldn’t remember the content of her speech, and as she stepped onto the stage, her anxiety only grew. After delivering the opening lines, she froze, unable to continue. The supportive applause from the audience only added to her confusion, leaving no room for her to recall her prepared words.
Zora struggled through the rest of her speech, finishing it in a state of embarrassment and shame. As she walked off the stage, she saw the disappointment in her teacher’s eyes and felt the letdown from her classmates. It was a heavy burden to bear.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Back at home, Zora could no longer hold back her tears.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The next day, Zora went to school and apologized to her class.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8 . The ocean is home to more than 200,000 known species and as many as 2 million that we have yet to discover. And, it is also home to 24.4 trillion pieces of microplastics. In 2022, researchers spotlighted how bad marine microplastic pollution, is getting: The total amount of microplastics on the bottom of oceans has greatly increased. in the past two decades.
Microplastic particles don’t just end up at the bottom of the ocean. Animals are eating them — at least 1,500 species have been reported to ingest plastic. And a lot of it. For example, whales in New Zealand’s Hauraki Gulf consume roughly three million microplastics daily, according to research published in Science of the Total Environment, which analyzed whale waste to see how much microplastics were present.
“Other research has shown that if plastics are small enough, they can cross the gut(肠道) wall and get into internal organs though the long-term effects are still unclear. Plastics can also release chemicals that are harmful to digestive system,” says Kahane-Rapport. “This is concerning, and while we do not yet understand the long-term health-effects, it is likely not a good sign for whales and their prey(猎物) to eat a man-made material like plastic.”
This is obviously bad for whales, but it also has effects on humans and the ocean at large. We are also part of these food chains and are consuming microplastics regularly. They are in our bottled water, in our table salt — they are even in our house dust and in the air we breathe. And we still don’t know what the health effects are. Meanwhile, the impact on whales — and what it indicates — is troubling on many fronts. “Whales are ecosystem engineers,” says Kahane-Rapport. “They can spread the nutrients that they consumed and serve as ecosystem guards — when whales are not healthy, other parts of the system will suffer.”
Kahane-Rapport says more research is needed. “The next research step will be to determine how much plastic the whales excrete(排出) and how much is left in their bodies. Following that, we would be able to determine the direct health effects on their tissues.”
1. What does the underlined word “ingest” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Deal with. | B．Bring up. | C．Take in. | D．Spread out. |
| A．Researches show contradictory results. |
| B．Digestive system is the most affected part. |
| C．Small plastics are more harmful than big ones. |
| D．Much about microplastics’ harm remains unclear. |
| A．The various sources of pollution. |
| B．Tab chain reaction of microplastics. |
| C．Possible solutions to plastic pollution. |
| D．Growing awareness of ocean protection |
| A．Microplastic pollution to the ocean bottom |
| B．The sufferings of other ocean creatures. |
| C．Whales’ contributions to the ecosystem. |
| D．The amount of plastic in whales bodies. |
9 . The Amazon
The Amazon River, the basin of which covers 2.3 million square miles, is incredibly biodiverse with over 30,000 species of plants and 1,800 species of birds. It plays an important role in adjusting the climate in North and South America. The River and its forests are threatened by human activity, primary pollution and rapid resource depletion (损耗). The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats.
The Mississippi
The Mississippi rises in western Minnesota and flows south for 2,530 miles into the Gulf of Mexico. Millions of people in over 50 cities use water from the Mississippi, and the river is also used for shipping and agriculture. Hundreds of animal species, including 60% of North America’s birds, call the area around the Mississippi River home, but river pollution and shoreline habitat destruction threaten to displace them. Fortunately, many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation.
The Danube
The Danube River begins in western Germany, flowing over 1,775 miles into the Black Sea. It spans 19 countries. The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem, hosting 55 different species of fish. Cities across Europe use the Danube for power generation and agriculture, and there are more than 700 dams in total. Unfortunately, this river is overfished and heavily polluted. The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation.
The Mekong
The Mekong River is a necessary part of Southeast Asia’s landscape, culture, and economy. Also called the Lancang River, it starts in China, stretching over 2,850 miles through Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Its basin provides more than 65 million people with food, drinking water, power, and transportation. Dams and power plants are harming Mekong’s ecosystems. Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development.
1. Birds are affected most around________.| A．The Amazon | B．The Mississippi | C．The Danube | D．The Mekong |
| A．70. | B．65. | C．55. | D．50. |
| A．They contribute to power production. |
| B．They How through multiple countries. |
| C．They are troubled by dam constructions. |
| D．They are under protection of organizations. |
