1 . A cure for the future in the past?

For over fifty years, the people of Britain have relied on the welfare state to make sure they have adequate health services. But now the National Health Service is sick. Government _____ and underfunding are forcing hospitals to close, and waiting lists for treatment are getting longer. Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive) healthcare.

For some, however, there are _____. They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to other conventional medicine. It seems paradoxical, but in an age of microchips and high technology, traditional medicine, the old-fashioned cures that our grandparents relied on, is making a _____.

Consider these case studies:

Maude is 76 years old and has been suffering from arthritis for almost ten years. “The pain in my joints was almost _____, and my doctor referred me to a surgeon at the London Hospital. I was told that I needed _____, but would need to wait for at least two years before I could have the operation. In _____, I started having massage sessions. To my surprise, these were very therapeutic, and while they didn’t cure the disorder, they did _____ it to some extent”.

Ron is 46. His high-powered city job was _____ for a series of stress-related illnesses, and the drugs he took didn’t work well on the nervous strain. “I read about _____ which involve the whole person rather than the individual symptoms, but I had always doubted about such kind of medicine for all diseases. However, my friend _____ a dietician who told me that part of my problem was diet-related. Basically, the food I was eating was _____ to my disorder. She gave me a list of foods that would provide the right vitamins and minerals to keep me in good health. At the same time, she advocated a more _____ lifestyle-running, swimming, that kind of thing. I’ m a bit of a couch potato, and this kind of lifestyle I had lived was _____ the problem. Now I feel great!”

So is there still a place in our lives for modern medicine? While it is true that some infections and viruses may be _____ by turning to traditional medicine, more serious illnesses such as cancer need more extreme measures. We do need our health service at these times, and we shouldn’t stop _____ in its future. But we mustn’t forget that for some common illnesses, the cure may lie in the past.

1.

A．support

B．restrictions

C．cutbacks

D．concern

2.

A．programs

B．alternatives

C．measures

D．scales

3.

A．comeback

B．living

C．change

D．mess

4.

A．unique

B．uncertain

C．universal

D．unbearable

5.

A．permission

B．surgery

C．supervision

D．strength

6.

A．condition

B．desperation

C．general

D．particular

7.

A．protect

B．recover

C．relieve

D．treat

8.

A．eager

B．grateful

C．famous

D．responsible

9.

A．treatments

B．sources

C．spirits

D．comments

10.

A．supervised

B．declared

C．recommended

D．tempted

11.

A．contributing

B．adapting

C．subjecting

D．objecting

12.

A．moderate

B．active

C．negative

D．suitable

13.

A．identifying

B．investigating

C．estimating

D．worsening

14.

A．prevented

B．empowered

C．indicated

D．restored

15.

A．undertaking

B．invading

C．investing

D．evolving

2 . From birth, every person needs other human beings. Babies need to be cared for to survive. Their first _________ usually come from parents and brothers or sisters. As children grow up, _________, they spend more time with others. And they may or may not feel connected to the people they see every day. Some people feel different from or rejected by their neighbors, people they work with or even their families. People who don’t feel like they belong often feel _________, even when others are around.

People find different ways to meet their natural desire to _________ a group. Some rely on their families _________ others find communities based on other interests. These can include religious beliefs, shared goals, life experiences or popular culture.

You need others for many _________. Community members can offer advice or practical help when you go through difficult times. You can also grow as a person from helping others. And belonging helps give a sense of meaning as you become part of something bigger than yourself.

So what can you do if you _________ a sense of belonging? The first step will usually be to make a mindful effort to _________ others. You could join groups based on interests you share. Or you could contact an individual with whom you have something in common and decide when to meet up. This may be uncomfortable _________, but as with most things, it becomes easier with practice. Focusing on others more than on yourself may help. Ask questions that show you __________ others’ lives. This will help them feel valued. If you are shy, it will spare you from having to talk about yourself too much.

Finding community requires a(n) __________ to accept others. But it is also important to remain __________ to yourself. If you hide your thoughts and feelings to fit in, you won’t feel like you belong.

Finding a place where you belong may not be easy, but it will help you live a happier life.

1.

A．feelings

B．needs

C．connections

D．belongings

2.

A．indeed

B．meanwhile

C．furthermore

D．however

3.

A．interested

B．different

C．lonely

D．involved

4.

A．build up

B．believe in

C．benefit from

D．belong to

5.

A．while

B．although

C．as

D．when

6.

A．reasons

B．occasions

C．difficulties

D．senses

7.

A．lose

B．lack

C．show

D．maintain

8.

A．catch up with

B．reach out to

C．count on

D．object to

9.

A．at first

B．in other words

C．to some extent

D．on average

10.

A．concentrate on

B．care about

C．give way to

D．make comments on

11.

A．anxiety

B．arrangement

C．willingness

D．hesitation

12.

A．polite

B．kind

C．patient

D．true

3 . The Amazon is warming three times faster than the global average

It is perhaps the most ironic symbol of the life on our planet. The Amazon is the world’s largest and most bio-diverse tropical rainforest and a huge trap for carbon dioxide. The harms of _________ in this vital resource are old news. But now, the time on the clock is running out. It seems that the world’s biggest rainforest is about to turn into the world’s biggest environmental _________. “We are about to collapse,” says Luciana Gati at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research. “We are in a(n) _________, we need action now.”

Gati has spent years _________ the Amazon from the air. She believes we are as little as five years from a point of no return, where rainforest begins to turn into dry land. It is also the point at which billions of tons of carbon would be _________ into the atmosphere. “It’s a nightmare,” she says.

That nightmare situation is the well-known Amazon _________ point, where the ecosystem can no longer cope with the damage of the forest cutting. Like a domino game, one brick falling will _________ the whole tower to collapse in a heap.

Warnings that this is approaching have now taken on extreme urgency. The rate of deforestation has increased sharply and is fast approaching the theoretical _________. In September, a group of more than 200 experts, including Gatti, released an assessment of the situation. The conclusion: we are on the _________ of disaster.

Scientists first began to seriously worry about a potential Amazon tipping point in about 2000, when some studies warned that a combination of climate change and deforestation could cause the rainforest to __________.

A few years later, a team of Brazilian scientists put numbers on it. They __________ that in central, southern and eastern parts of the Amazon, a loss of 40% of the forest cover from pre-industrial levels, or 3°C warming would reduce rainfall so much that the rest of the forest would die of __________ and turn into a dry land in less than a decade.

The scientists have since __________ that prediction, partly due to the global warming that has happened since 2000. The Amazon is already 1.2°C warmer than it was in pre-industrial times and is warming three times faster than the global __________. At that rate of warming, between 20 and 25% deforestation would be enough to dry up the land and destroy the Amazon completely.

“Either way, we would be wise not to exceed 20%”, says a scientist, “for the commonsense reason that there is no point in __________   the precise point of limit by tipping it.”

1.

A．fertilization

B．elimination

C．deforestation

D．frustration

2.

A．program

B．disaster

C．protection

D．regulation

3.

A．evolution

B．spotlight

C．condition

D．emergency

4.

A．measuring

B．observing

C．protecting

D．criticizing

5.

A．released

B．melted

C．turned

D．supplied

6.

A．tipping

B．disappointing

C．awarding

D．tapping

7.

A．build

B．turn

C．cause

D．make

8.

A．problem

B．prediction

C．aspect

D．limit

9.

A．base

B．edge

C．surface

D．track

10.

A．dry out

B．run down

C．pay off

D．rise up

11.

A．boasted

B．insisted

C．estimated

D．instructed

12.

A．thirst

B．starvation

C．cold

D．disease

13.

A．digested

B．revised

C．encouraged

D．previewed

14.

A．strategy

B．climate

C．average

D．system

15.

A．diagnosing

B．instructing

C．inquiring

D．discovering

4 . After five long years, it appears California’s drought is finally becoming less severe. _______ a recent string of storms, more than a third of the state has now welcomed healthy precipitation (降水量), and California’s snowpack—a(n) _______ source of water as the year progresses—has reached nearly twice its seasonal average in some parts of the Sierra Nevada. That’s a dramatic improvement over last summer, when literally every inch of the state _______ drought conditions. It’s also welcome news for Californians, who have faced a series of water _______ since Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in early 2014. Farmers have been forced to spend heavily to maintain production.

The state’s water struggles, _______, are far from over. For one, nobody knows for sure how long these rains will last. Although recent precipitation has been _______—in some places more than 80 inches—the accuracy of storm forecasting remains _______ beyond a week. Californians know this all too well: last year, experts projected a “Godzilla” El Niño that would bring record levels of precipitation. It never _______. “Will six weeks from now be wet?” asks Jeanine Jones, California’s interstate water-resources manager. “The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there.”

_______, a storm slowdown is a very real possibility—and it could leave California without enough water to make it through the dry summer. ________, when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface. But those ________ remain used up after years of drought; restoring them could take years in some places, says Jones.

The quick inrush of water has also created a(n) ________ balancing act for water managers. Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell, but it also

________ the risk of flooding if and when future storms hit. To that end, water managers opened the Sacramento Weir floodgates earlier this month to pour reservoir water into nearby fields after ________ showed local water levels would likely continue to rise. That’s a calculation that will be made across the state in the coming months.

For now, though, Jones is focused on planning and ensuring the state’s water supply whatever may happen. “We’re halfway through our wettest season, and conditions have been encouraging,” she says. “I would say we’re ________ optimistic.”

1.

A．According to

B．With respect to

C．Thanks to

D．In addition to

2.

A．official

B．exhaustible

C．unexpected

D．crucial

3.

A．experienced

B．improved

C．worsened

D．investigated

4.

A．pollution

B．restrictions

C．pressure

D．cycles

5.

A．nevertheless

B．therefore

C．meanwhile

D．moreover

6.

A．accurate

B．plentiful

C．consistent

D．emergent

7.

A．productive

B．unchangeable

C．progressive

D．unreliable

8.

A．fell behind

B．broke down

C．came about

D．took off

9.

A．Or else

B．In other words

C．At that point

D．Above all

10.

A．Literally

B．Contrarily

C．Historically

D．Consequently

11.

A．levels

B．formations

C．struggles

D．reserves

12.

A．random

B．delicate

C．mechanical

D．insensible

13.

A．heightens

B．assumes

C．minimizes

D．identifies

14.

A．restorations

B．calculations

C．conditions

D．projections

15.

A．hopelessly

B．extremely

C．guardedly

D．cheerfully

5 . Beside pencil sharpeners and calendars in classrooms throughout Minnesota’s Lakeville Area Schools, there are now big blue boxes with a red button and the word POLICE. The button sends a text message to emergency correspondents, alerts the rest of the school to potential danger, and _______ 1,200 pounds of magnetic (磁性的) force to keep the door shut.

It’s one of the measures that Michael Baumann has employed to _______ the schools in his district and protect against active shooters since he became supervisor in 2017. He hired four more advisers to improve mental-health services. He established a team to monitor _______ threats of violence. He spent $14.4 million installing the emergency-alert system and building panels into walls that are designed to stop bullets—all _______ helping students and teachers survive an active shooter.

“Everybody goes to bed and thinks, ‘That’ll never happen in my school district. ‘ Well, I can tell you as a supervisor, that’s the _______ dream,” says Baumann, who previously served in the Army. “I felt like it was my _______ to do what I could.”

Fear of shootings has turned school security into a _______ industry. The market for school-security equipment and services reached $2.7 billion in 2017, according to a report by the research firm Omdia. That was before the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., further increased the focus on security measures at schools.

The school shooting in Uvalde, Texas, on May 24 this year has restarted the discussion about whether safety measures at schools can _______ mass shootings. And many politicians, after indicating that they are _______ to support gun-safety lawmaking, have argued instead that heightened physical security measures are necessary to prevent future attacks.

________ , experts say it’s not clear that such measures actually make schools safer. Research shows that the number of deadly shootings at schools has increased since 2012, during a period in which protective measures also ________ . There also isn’t clear evidence that school resource officers (SROs) improve safety. SROs were ________ in Uvalde and in Parkland before the gunmen entered the schools, but failed to stop those shootings.

“When we add metal detectors, observation cameras, increased police presence, active-shooter drills, and we turn schools into this mix of castles and ________ ,” says Bryan Warnick, an education professor at Ohio State University.

Although many school districts invest in security in the hopes of preventing shootings, some worry that reinforcing schools ultimately makes ________ responsible for solving the gun-violence outbreak.

“Schools are ________ with trainings and new procedures,” Warnick says. “It’s a larger social problem of easy access to guns, of lack of access to mental-health care.”

1.

A．reserves

B．sustains

C．activates

D．balances

2.

A．construct

B．harden

C．reopen

D．finance

3.

A．potential

B．immediate

C．mental

D．empty

4.

A．stood for

B．depended on

C．referred to

D．aimed at

5.

A．vivid

B．horrible

C．curious

D．foolish

6.

A．responsibility

B．freedom

C．instruction

D．recreation

7.

A．state-run

B．high-tech

C．booming

D．domestic

8.

A．monitor

B．witness

C．maintain

D．cease

9.

A．reluctant

B．supposed

C．delighted

D．regretful

10.

A．Instead

B．However

C．Meanwhile

D．Therefore

11.

A．relaxed

B．withdrew

C．expanded

D．survived

12.

A．on the scene

B．behind time

C．at a loss

D．in return

13.

A．hospitals

B．prisons

C．police station

D．fire department

14.

A．markets

B．communities

C．psychologists

D．educators

15.

A．secured tightly

B．supported greatly

C．turned upside down

D．reformed more or less

7 . My past students are starting to organize a scientific conference for my 60th birthday to be held about a year from now. Their gesture reminded me of Rabbi Hanina’s words: “I have learned much from my teachers, more from my colleagues and the most from my students.”

We all started as students. Just as kids bump into things as they’re learning to _________ the world, many of us have scars from early encounters with our mentors._________ arise when those mentors attempt to establish their authority by trying to make us respect traditional thinking. Memories of these events should encourage us to do better as we_________ roles and mentor others later in life.

For example, the first advice I received from my postdoctoral mentor was to develop specialized skills and focus them on a _________ field, where I would establish myself as the world expert._________ , I decided not to follow this advice as soon as I recognized by drilling down narrowly, one often fails to make further progress. In these situations, the potential for a _________improves with a broader and more flexible perspective, which enables “out of the box” opportunities for drilling deeper around it.

Keeping this in mind, I encourage my students to think broadly and _________ about the most exciting problems in astronomy, such as: “What happened before the big bang?”; “What will happen in our distant cosmic future?”; “What is the nature of dark matter?”; or “When did life start in the universe?”

It is customary to consider a student’s raw potential as a stand-alone commodity whose value can be_________ through examinations. But my experience taught me that young scientists do not blossom into exceptional researchers _________ they are supported by encouraging words and inspiration; these ingredients are as __________ as nutrition and water are for seeds of flowers.__________ the initial belief in the potential of a student to become a successful scientist, this outcome may not come true.

As chair of the Harvard astronomy department for almost a decade, I witnessed many examples of students who were initially very slow to make progress but blossomed academically as soon as they selected a different advisor and a new topic for their Ph. D. A good mentor__________ the strengths of the mentee. As a result, a successful mentoring experience often reflects a good __________ between a fledgling(新手的) scientist and an advisor. They should both be congratulated for their shared academic DNA.

On the one hand, mentors get a kick from Oscar Wilde’s insight: “Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery...” But on the other hand, they should allow students to break free from the __________ path with creativity. The rule of thumb is to give young scholars just enough space to explore freely and learn from their __________ without damaging the direction of their future careers. The learning curves could be steep; some of my 50 students over the past few decades started slow but eventually rose to the greatest heights. Patience is key.

1.

A．process

B．explore

C．reform

D．include

2.

A．Conflicts

B．Negotiations

C．Approvals

D．Mysteries

3.

A．play

B．deny

C．access

D．change

4.

A．commercial

B．strange

C．narrow

D．broad

5.

A．Therefore

B．Additionally

C．However

D．Consequently

6.

A．failure

B．obligation

C．ignorance

D．breakthrough

7.

A．independently

B．mutually

C．temporarily

D．undoubtedly

8.

A．embraced

B．evaluated

C．contained

D．imposed

9.

A．if

B．lest

C．while

D．unless

10.

A．crucial

B．elaborate

C．unpredictable

D．inaccessible

11.

A．Within

B．Given

C．Without

D．Due to

12.

A．spots

B．hides

C．applies

D．recalls

13.

A．argument

B．interaction

C．criticism

D．interview

14.

A．beaten

B．broken

C．chaotic

D．fresh

15.

A．mentors

B．imitations

C．fortune

D．mistakes

8 . “Only when the tide goes out do you discover who is swimming naked.” This is a quote attributed to Warren Buffet, who is widely ________ to be one of the world's most successful investors of all time, with a net worth of over＄86 billion.

What does it mean? Simply, you can’t appreciate the risks you (or a company) are taking until tested by ________ circumstances. In other words, in favorable market conditions, making a small fortune is ________ but hard. It is only when market conditions ________ that you can tell who has made solid investment decisions.

This concept is more important than ever, as investing is literally just a few taps away on a smart-phone. This has ________ more young people to start their own financial ventures for the first time. According to a report published by The Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance, about 60 percent of the Alipay financial management users are under 35, with a significant ________ born after 1990. The traditional impression of Chinese youth as big spenders clearly does not ________ everyone. And increasingly, the younger generation are moving away from the habits of their parents. They are more willing to put some of their earnings into financial products instead of just ________ the money into a bank account or buying an apartment.

I ________ their decision. There is no doubt that it is critical for an individual to become financially literate. It means being able to set yourself short-and long-term financial goals, as well as to make good use of your ________ to meet these targets. For those who lack the skills and knowledge needed to make a budget, ________ spending, manage credit cards, and calculate interest on savings and loans, they will be more ________ to financial difficulties. A study conducted by the FINRA Foundation revealed that nearly two-thirds of Americans failed to pass a basic test of financial literacy. I am much more fortunate than them because my parents helped me open my first bank account when I was young and advised me on how to make ________ meet.

New investors are riding a wave of growth in China that has been largely uninterrupted for decades now. They have never experienced a severe economic depression. Having a long life ahead of them, they have to keep on learning how to protect their wealth and to manage their risk—________ setting ambitious goals for the growth of personal finances may be desirable. Or, as Buffet would likely advise those ________ investing for the first time: Dress appropriately and swim safe.

1.

A．regarded

B．thought

C．considered

D．estimated

2.

A．positive

B．various

C．disadvantageous

D．sarcastic

3.

A．anything

B．nothing

C．everything

D．something

4.

A．sour

B．soar

C．sustain

D．surge

5.

A．guaranteed

B．motivated

C．tricked

D．confirmed

6.

A．sample

B．ingredient

C．number

D．part

7.

A．contribute to

B．lead to

C．switch to

D．apply to

8.

A．turning

B．accumulating

C．attributing

D．depositing

9.

A．fend

B．adjust

C．enhance

D．applaud

10.

A．sources

B．resources

C．magnitude

D．funds

11.

A．track

B．streamline

C．spot

D．trigger

12.

A．resistant

B．open

C．vulnerable

D．easy

13.

A．supplies

B．demands

C．ends

D．money

14.

A．as if

B．just because

C．only when

D．even though

15.

A．running toward

B．diving into

C．jumping into

D．flying towards

9 . Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lord of the Rings occupies an uncomfortable position in 20th century literature. This book of J.R.R.Tolkien’s poses a challenge to modern literature and its defenders. (Tolkien on his _______: “Some who have read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it, have found it boring, ridiculous, or annoying; and I have no cause to complain, since I have similar opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they evidently _________.”) Yet The Lord of the Rings has enjoyed massive and enduring popularity. It would seem that Tolkien’s work supplied something that was _________ among the formal innovations of 20th century fiction, something for which readers were hungry. But what was it, and why was it important?

It seems that the key point lies in Tolkien’s wholehearted rejection of modernity and modernism. This is what so powerfully _________ some readers, and just as powerfully drives away others. In his book J.R.R.Tolkien: Author of the Century, T.A. Shippey expands on this idea by arguing that Tolkien saw his story of Middle-earth not as fiction or invention, but as the _________ of something genuine that had become buried beneath the fairy tale and nursery rhythm.

“However fanciful Tolkien’s creation of Middle earth was,” Shippey writes, “he did not think that he was entirely _________. He was ‘reconstructing’, he was harmonizing conflicts in his source-texts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new concepts, but he was also reaching back to an imaginative world which he believed had once really _________, at least in a collective imagination.”

The book is also deeply grounded in Tolkien’s linguistic expertise （语言专长） —he _________ whole languages for his characters. Sometimes he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, in fact, that he _________ the story itself for months or years at a time, believing he could not continue until some inconsistency（不一致）in his invented world had been resolved. But Tolkien’s great intellect and knowledge is not the source of his ____________; without his storytelling gift, The Lord of the Rings would be little more than a curiosity. And this gift seems to originate straight from his ____________ to break from classical and traditional forms.

Tolkien himself often spoke of his work as something ‘found’ or ‘discovered’, something whose existence was ____________ of him. It’s wise to be careful with this sort of interpretation, but it seems ____________ that he believed his work to be something given, something revealed, which contained a kind of truth beyond measure. ____________, his details have the weight of reality, and because of this his great sweep of story feels real as well; you might say that his ____________ castles are built with a certain amount of genuine stone.

1.

A．books

B．critics

C．readers

D．ambitions

2.

A．dislike

B．challenge

C．review

D．prefer

3.

A．common

B．possible

C．missing

D．funny

4.

A．annoys

B．influences

C．attracts

D．concerns

5.

A．recovery

B．designing

C．analysis

D．questioning

6.

A．taking it down

B．making it up

C．turning it down

D．looking it up

7.

A．remained

B．struck

C．moved

D．existed

8.

A．spoke

B．invented

C．neglected

D．recalled

9.

A．put aside

B．set up

C．look into

D．get along

10.

A．style

B．tension

C．success

D．tradition

11.

A．decision

B．request

C．struggle

D．refusal

12.

A．representative

B．independent

C．conscious

D．thoughtful

13.

A．clear

B．weird

C．unfair

D．pitiful

14.

A．As a result

B．On the contrary

C．Even so

D．What’s worse

15.

A．ancient

B．broken

C．imaginary

D．foreign

10 . For the longest time, the predominant description about renewable energy featured awkward technologies, high costs, and burdensome allowance. In the _______ of strict and far-reaching policy changes, the chances for mass adoption seemed slim. Electric vehicles (EVs) simply couldn’t go the distance, and LED lights were unattractive and _______.

But now that these technologies have come of age, a new story is being written. Around the world, businesses, governments, and households are taking advantage of more cost-effective low-carbon technologies.

_______ advances in information technologies (IT), green solutions can be introduced into business operations successfully. And as public support for these technologies has grown, so have the _______ for scaling up to a fully sustainable energy system.

As in any rapid transition, a full understanding of what is happening has _______ events. Many present energy producers find it hard to believe that their world is undergoing a revolutionary change, so they insist that their heavily polluting technologies will remain _______ and necessary for some time to come. Journalists, too, describe the transition with a degree of _______, because it is their job to be suspicious. And politicians and regulators are cautious to adopt a new perspective, _______ they are already struggling to keep up with the pace of change in the energy industry.

To be sure, _______ doesn’t come without setbacks, as the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions shows. Yet there is no doubt that the future of energy will be __________ different from the recent past. In fact, the __________ is happening even faster than we think, for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar options. And as the shift toward renewables gains good trends, it will be easier for elected officials to pursue more climate-friendly policies and regulations, thereby creating a(n) __________ circle of change.

As the green transition comes of age, it will offer solutions to all of humanity’s energy needs, placing a clean, prosperous and secure low-carbon future well within reach. Yet even as we hug __________, we must not lose sight of the fact that climate change is speeding up. With GHG emissions __________ to rise, the future of humanity hangs in the balance. One hopes that the shift to __________ energy will tip the scale in our favor.

1.

A．license

B．absence

C．application

D．promotion

2.

A．invisible

B．unbelievable

C．inevitable

D．unaffordable

3.

A．Instead of

B．Owing to

C．In case of

D．According to

4.

A．resources

B．revolutions

C．prospects

D．priorities

5.

A．caught up with

B．compared with

C．taken place of

D．fallen behind

6.

A．relevant

B．inferior

C．synthetic

D．experimental

7.

A．mixture

B．caution

C．conflict

D．approval

8.

A．in case

B．so that

C．even though

D．the moment

9.

A．significance

B．invention

C．happiness

D．progress

10.

A．dramatically

B．economically

C．independently

D．equivalently

11.

A．interaction

B．modernization

C．motivation

D．transformation

12.

A．natural

B．potential

C．positive

D．original

13.

A．influence

B．optimism

C．estimation

D．extension

14.

A．starting

B．failing

C．emerging

D．continuing

15.

A．sustainable

B．traditional

C．available

D．industrial