1 . Rising temperatures driven by the climate crisis are cutting the sleep of people across the world, the largest study to date has found.

The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands used by 47,000 people over seven months and across 68 countries. The analysis revealed that because of increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year.

However, lost sleep affects some groups much more than others. The sleep loss per degree of warming is about a quarter higher for women than men, twice as high for those over 65years old and three times higher for those in less wealthy nations, where people have less access to cooling equipment.

Previous studies have shown that rising temperatures damage health, including increasing heart attacks, mental health crises, and accidents and injuries. Poor sleep has also been shown to have these effects, and the researchers say their new study suggests that disturbed sleep may be a key mechanism (体内机制) by which heat causes these health impacts. The researchers say their data shows no signs of people being able to adapt to hotter nights.

“In this study, we provide the first planetary-scale (世界范围的) evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep,” said Kelton Minor, who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers, who need to ensure cities, towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts.

The data used in the study came mainly from richer nations. The wristbands also tended to be worn by people less prone (易于遭受) to sleep disturbance by warmer temperatures. “Lower-income people are underrepresented in the data and we’re well aware of that,” said Minor. He said more research was needed, particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world.

1. In Paragraph 2, the author expresses his idea mainly by ______.

A．telling a story	B．giving examples
C．using quotes	D．listing figures

2. How do increasing temperatures affect people?

A．They limit people’s income.

B．They improve people’s health.

C．They reduce people’s sleep time.

D．They lead to poor relationship between people.

3. What can be learned from Kelton Minor’s words in Paragraph 5?

A．Heat’s impacts may be worse than expected.

B．Policymakers have doubts about the study.

C．The study adopted a new research method.

D．Some cities have taken further action to fight the heat.

4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.

A．the study is widely applied in the world

B．the study is significant in sleeping research

C．the study has its limitation in some aspects

D．the study can represent the low-income people

2 . Discovering the beauty of the science and maths that shape our everyday lives, an experience in Wonder Lab will fuel your imagination and inspire you to see the world around you in new and exciting ways. Come and enjoy yourself!

What to see

Spread across seven different zones, there’re loads of opportunities to get hands on with real scientific phenomena. Observe live experiments at our Chemistry Bar, see lightning strike before your eyes, play with forces on giant slides or travel through space under a canopy (苍穹) of stars. You can also take part in explosive (爆炸) science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers. With 50 mind-blowing wonders of science to enjoy, Wonder Lab is an experience unlike any other. Besides, a selection of shows will be performed daily in Wonder Lab’s beautiful new show space. They are free of charge and last 20 minutes.

Tickets

Day pass: £ 6 per person.

This ticket gives you day-long access to Wonder Lab, perfect whether you’re planning a special trip to the Museum or simply passing through London and want to feed your curiosity.

There is a ten percent discount for groups of twelve or more, and £ 2 off for students.

Annual pass: £ 10 per person.

For less than the price of two visits, give yourself a year packed full of wonder, curiosity and breathtaking experiences.

Opening times

Open seven days a week, 10:00 — 18:00 (last entry 17:15). Wonder Lab will be closed on December 24, 25and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27. During school holidays our opening hours are 10:00 — 19:00 (last entry 18:15).

1. What can you do in Wonder lab?

A．Explore stars.

B．Produce lightning.

C．Join in explosion shows.

D．Conduct chemistry experiments.

2. Visitors can enter Wonder Lab at ______.

A．18:30 on December 27	B．14:00 on November 15
C．18:30 on November 15	D．14:00 on December 25

3. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To attract people to Wonder Lab.

B．To raise money for Wonder Lab.

C．To guide students to do experiments.

D．To call on volunteers for Wonder Lab.

3 . During summer vacations, I often went to the Outrigger Canoe Club on Waikiki Beach to swim, because the club was usually empty at that hour. There was one other club member who would turn up early on summer mornings, though.

One morning when I’d arrived at the club earlier than usual, he walked past me on his way to the water. Then he stopped. “How would you like to swim against me? Just for fun, I mean.” he asked. “Now? Against you?” I looked at him in surprise. “It’s just about 200 yards.” He pointed in that direction and smiled at me. “Okay.” I said.

Teenagers are often very competitive, and I was no different. Though I was confident of winning, I started out as fast as I could go. When we reached the beach wall, I was already about three quarters exhausted. But he didn’t look tired at all. By the end of this game, my legs were in knots. My arms and shoulders were numb. I wanted very badly to quit and walk the rest of the way. But I struggled and made it.

Ten minutes later my friend, Sammy Kauua, arrived. I told him some of what had happened. Sammy laughed. “Are you kidding? That’s Matthew Biondi. He won gold medals at the Olympics. I guess he’s pretty good for sure!”

Several days later when I saw Matthew Biondi on the beach, I talked to him and asked how an athlete could become good enough to win in the Olympics. He told me he did most of his swimming at the beach and then added, “I swam because I liked it. It was always fun, and I was pretty good at it. We trained all right, but mostly we just swam. It was natural. I always enjoyed doing it.”

I was disappointed at the time because there was no easy answer there, no secret for success as an athlete. Thinking back on it now, though, I find the answer he gave me very appealing.

1. How did the author feel about beating Matthew Biondi at first?

A．A little afraid.

B．Quite sure.

C．Nervous.

D．Doubtful.

2. From the text we can know that Matthew Biondi _______.

A．was an Olympic champion

B．was Sammy Kauua’s good friend

C．did not spend much time swimming

D．did not defeat the author in the competition

3. According to what Matthew Biondi said in Paragraph 5, what matters most in winning in the Olympics?

A．Swimming at the beach.	B．Support from his family.
C．A natural swimming ability.	D．Interest in swimming.

6 . For many years, I wanted to be a music video director. After graduating from high school, I moved to Los Angeles. I earned a degree in video production there. Fortune smiled upon me as I quickly worked as a production helper. I was young and ambitious, doing my best in my dream work.

One day, I worked as a volunteer at an award show. A production manager talked with me and said that I was going to be a “big fish” one day. I was praised, but frightened. I wasn’t sure whether I could bear the pressure of being a “big fish”. Not too long after the show, I was laid off from my position at the production company. I went back home to Florida to think about my next career move.

In Florida, I found a job in a financial company. The pay was good, and the work was not difficult. But a few months later, my creative spirit sent an SOS to my brain. It reminded me that I wasn’t making the best use of my talents. I didn’t have the money to make another cross-country move back to Los Angeles, but I couldn’t wait to create something.

I did some creative writing during my spare time. To motivate myself even further, I promised myself a children’s storybook. My goal didn’t end there, however. I also decided to get the book published. It was not easy, and I continued sending out my work for nearly four years. Finally my work attracted the interest of a publisher.

When I held a copy of my beautiful children’s book in my hands, I felt really happy from the bottom of my heart. I may not have become a big fish, but I did achieve a goal. Success comes from efforts. When you have something to fight for, you’re not far from success.

1. The author went to Los Angeles to ______.

A．find a high-paid job	B．reach for her dream
C．visit a famous film director	D．take part in volunteer activities

2. What was the author’s reaction to the production manager’s comments on her?

A．Proud.

B．Happy.

C．Uncertain.

D．Disappointed.

3. What does the author think of her job in Florida?

A．It lacks challenges.	B．It requires a higher degree.
C．It often takes up her free time.	D．It can hardly support her family.

4. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 4?

A．She set herself to work on a new goal.	B．She was moved by her children’s words.
C．She was attracted by a picture storybook.	D．She planned to leave for Los Angeles some day.

5. What does the author encourage us to do through this text?

A．To make a cross-country move.	B．To break our old working habits.
C．To try hard to improve our writing skills.	D．To make every effort to achieve our goals.

7 . Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

Zones

The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

Computers

You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated (位于) in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

Group-study places

If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.

There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.

Storage of Study Material

The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.

Rules to be Followed

Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

1. What can students do on the upper floor of the library?

A．Chat at the table.	B．Have group discussion.
C．Relax themselves.	D．Read attentively.

2. What is required if you want to reserve a group-study room?

A．The application form.	B．The marked library map.
C．An active school account.	D．The topic of the discussion.

3. How can a student rent a locker?

A．By booking in advance.	B．By attending enough courses.
C．By paying the rental fee.	D．By earning the required credits.

8 . Cool places to stay for cycling adventures

From its dusty eastern reaches to its river valleys and lava flows, Oregon attracts adventure-hungry bicyclists. And the Oregon Scenic Bikeways program makes it easy to explore. So point your wheels down one of these routes chosen to highlight a variety of landscapes, skill levels and distances.

Willamette Valley Scenic Bikeway

It’s exciting: riding past fields of world-class hops, rolling along hills dotted with rows of wine grapes, leaning your bike outside a small cafe at a rural crossroads for a strong cup of coffee. The bounty of Oregon is on full display as you cycle the nation’s first scenic bikeway, 134 miles down a river valley snaking between the Coast Range and Cascade Range.

Old West Scenic Bikeway

The 174-mile Old West Scenic Bikeway weaves through rangeland, along rushing rivers and toward an unending desert. And around these parts, folks are known for their put-your-feet-up hospitality.

Cascade Siskiyou Scenic Bikeway

This 55-mile route starts and ends in Ashland and includes 5,000 feet of climbing. From town, you climb through tropical grassland into deep forests. Stay in Ashland. Or turn the ride into an overnight ride and stay in a cabin in the woods.

McKenzie Pass Scenic Bikeway

This 38-mile route climbs through a forest to a 65-square-mile lava flow with 360-degree views of the Cascadian Volcanoes. The 25-mile, 4,000-foot descent to the McKenzie River has brake-burning turns through the forest.

Professional tip: The McKenzie Highway is closed during the winter, but for several weeks before it opens to cars in the spring, the road is only managed for non-motorized use.

1. Which is the first scenic bikeway in the USA?

A．Old West Scenic Bikeway.	B．McKenzie Pass Scenic Bikeway.
C．Cascade Siskiyou Scenic Bikeway.	D．Willamette Valley Scenic Bikeway.

2. What is special about the Old West Scenic Bikeway?

A．It is the shortest but full of stories.

B．It is located beside the Cascadian Volcanoes.

C．It offers bicyclists desert scenery.

D．It discourages riders because of unfriendly locals.

3. Where can bicyclists stay overnight if they cycle the Cascade Siskiyou Scenic Bikeway?

A．In Ashland or the woods.	B．In the desert.
C．In fields or a small cafe.	D．In a forest.

4. What should travelers know about McKenzie Pass Scenic Bikeway?

A．It is easy for bicyclists of all levels.	B．It is inaccessible by car in spring.
C．It is closed during the winter.	D．It is famous for cabins in the woods.

5. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To attract members for a cycling club.	B．To introduce four cycling routes in Oregon.
C．To point out the importance of cycling.	D．To encourage people to take cycling adventures.

9 . Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake, because you can control yourself.     1     In a normal night, of course, you often change your position. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep in.

If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people.     2     You’re quite shy and you aren’t confident.

If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad. You’re very stubborn, but you aren’t very ambitious. You are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.     3    

If you sleep curled up(卷曲), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You don’t usually like meeting people.     4     You are easily hurt.

    5     You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful and confident. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.

A．You prefer to be on your own.

B．You seldom express your real feelings.

C．This means you enjoy having a good time.

D．Changing position will cause sleeping problems.

E．If you sleep on your side, you have good control of your behavior.

F．But when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.

G．If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality.

10 . A Japanese candy company has been making national news headlines for its idea to produce gummy candy (软糖) that tastes like an “imaginary fruit” called Kiraspika.

Last year was a great one for gummy candy producers, and the market continued to expand throughout 2023, with fruit-flavored (水果味的) gummies being the most popular. There are plenty of fruit flavors to choose from, but companies are still limited to the fruits that can be found in our world. However, what if someone started making candy that tastes like imaginary fruits? That was the strange idea that a Japanese sweets maker recently came up with. Two months ago, the company created a new type of gummy candy that tastes like fruit “Kiraspika no Mi”, an imaginary fruit with an original flavor, design, and even a story.

According to the story, the star-shaped Kiraspika only grows in the mountainous area of Blue Knife, where temperatures drop to —50℃ in winter. It is very difficult to get. Everything about Kiraspika was invented in the fruit lab where its flavor experts mixed various existing flavors to create a totally original one that tastes like nothing you’ve ever eaten.

According to its designers, the Kiraspika-flavored gummy candy has a unique sweetness mixed with a kind of sourness (酸味), but many of those who have tried it have their own description of the taste.

To some, the Kiraspika flavor can be compared to that of an energy drink, while others say it tastes a bit like a spicy apple. It is the mystery of the flavor and the personal explanations that make this product liked by many people.

1. What does the underlined word “expand” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Disappear.

B．Shorten.

C．Struggle.

D．Grow.

2. What is a feature of Kiraspika?

A．It can’t be found in real life.	B．It grows on the plain.
C．It can be planted easily.	D．It needs high temperatures.

3. What makes the new type of gummy candy popular?

A．Its shape.

B．Its taste.

C．Its origin.

D．Its designer.

4. Where does this text probably come from?

A．A news report.	B．A health magazine.
C．A biology book.	D．An old story.