1 . A single toy catches a child's attention for a limited period of time, but a box of items that allows a child to build their own toys will catch their imagination for years to come. This brilliant idea already exists in real product form, and it's called Toyi.

Toyi is described as an eco-friendly creative building kit, and it recently won the well-known IF Design Award. It came from Istanbul, Turkish, where a young female designer named Elif Atmaca first came up with the idea for it when she wanted to help the kids living in disadvantaged areas. These children do not have access to the variety of interesting toys that wealthier children do.

Toyi Atmaca's design allows children to transform what are around them into clever toys. It consists of sticks, junction parts, flexible connectors, toy body parts like feet, eyes, hands, and wheels that can be used to turn old water bottles, cups, boxes, towels, etc. into cute, clever, and unique playthings. This toy kit upcycles(升级利用) materials that would otherwise go to waste, turning a recycling bin into a treasure container.

“Our initial target was to deliver Toyi kits to only disadvantaged children in Turkish,” Atmaca told the media. But during a research conducted with around 300 children, .she realized that the restriction on being creative went beyond any boundary. “I saw that everything was planned and shaped by grown-ups, blocking the kids' imagination in a significant way,” said Atmaca.

Atmaca concluded that each kid needed space where he or she could freely create. She explained the entire process should be left to kids’ creativity, reminding teachers and all grown-ups that child-led play was an excellent way for children to develop lifelong skills.

Toyi's creators are now considering distributing the kits to as many children as possible around the world through different international NGOs. Atmaca notes that for each Toyi kit sold out, they will also donate one kit to a disadvantaged child through different partnerships around the world.

1. Why did Atmaca design Toyi at first?

A．To win the famous IF Design Award.

B．To help poor kids make their own toys.

C．To protect the environment in Istanbul.

D．To recycle all the waste in the dustbin.

2. Which is probably the product made with the toy kit of Toyi?

A．A new picture of a young boy.	B．A computer with high technology.
C．A treasure container from a dustbin:	D．A six-armed “robot” from a water bottle.

3. How do the toy kits help improve the children's ability?

A．It provides the kids various types of toys.

B．It offers space for the kids’ creative minds.

C．It changes the poor kids' living conditions.

D．It teaches the kids to share joys with others.

4. What is the new target for Atmaca and her partners?

A．Donating toy kits to more poor children.

B．Selling toy kits to every kid in the world.

C．Designing new toy kits for kids and adults.

D．Doing further research on the kids' demands.

2 . A three-month survey of 119 households in Seattle found about one-third of the food thrown away was edible (可以吃的).

“We think we are doing better but we can’t be, given the waste.” said Andrea Spacht, a food specialist at the Natural Resources Defense Council.

For every item thrown away, the cost is far more than just an uneaten meal. Throwing out just one hamburger, for example, wastes as much water as a 90-minute shower.

The Waste of nutrition and resources on this scale (规模) makes little sense when 15 million American households have been classified as food-insecure by the U.S. Department of Agriculture—meaning they cannot access enough food.

But food waste is not just about households. It is happening on a large scale on the farm.

Most farm food waste is due to a lack of buyers or prices that are too low. Without a guarantee of an income that will at least cover the cost of harvesting, growers have no choice but to leave food in the field—despite the huge waste that represents, said Lisa Johnson, of the Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University.

For the time being, the U.S. remains a contradiction, say food waste activists. “It’s the place in the world where the most food is wasted, but also where some of the most exciting solutions are.” said Tristram Stuart, founder of Toast Ale, which makes beer from bread that would otherwise be thrown away.

The past few years have seen an awakening awareness of the impact of the problem on our planet. An increasing number of food waste companies and charities have appeared to help people cut their own food waste and also ensure unwanted food makes its way to where it is needed.

While campaigners are celebrating the rising consumer and corporate (公司的) recognition of food waste as a major problem, they do not expect the problem to disappear overnight. Dealing with the problem requires “a transformation that will take years.” said Evan Lutz, co-founder of the food waste company Hungry Harvest.

1. Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3?

A．To encourage readers to save water.

B．To prove the popularity of hamburgers.

C．To show that people are doing better in saving food.

D．To explain that throwing away food has hidden costs.

2. Why do growers leave food in the field according to Lisa?

A．The food goes bad.	B．The food isn’t ripe.
C．They cannot make a profit.	D．They do not have the machine to harvest.

3. What do the food waste activists mean by saying “the U.S. remains a contradiction”?

A．Food waste contradicts food insecurity.

B．Food waste contradicts exciting solutions.

C．The lack of buyers contradicts good harvests.

D．The high cost of harvesting contradicts low food prices.

4. What does Evan think of the food waste problem?

A．Americans waste the most food.

B．It has been in existence for years.

C．Solving it will take a long lime.

D．People are becoming aware of its seriousness.