1 . A voice reaches us, crying out from the depths of a profound silence: “I am alive, I can think, and no one has the right to deny me these two realities. . . ”
The words were conveyed by a flicker (跳动) of the left eyelid. It came from a book, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, by a former journalist, Jean-Dominique Bauby. He worked for journals like the Quotidien de Paris and Paris Match. For four years until December 1995 he was the very successful chief editor of Elle.
Then the unthinkable happened. A cardiovascular ( 心血管的) accident sent him into a deep coma (昏迷). His brain remained undamaged, but its connection to his body left him with only the ability to blink his left eyelid. The poor man was diagnosed as suffering from the rare disease “Locked-in Syndrome”, unable to breathe or eat without assistance.
In this inert body, however, his brain was working furiously, trying to make people understand what he was thinking. With the help of a specialized nurse, Claude Mendibil, he was able to write his book, using only his ability to blink at the most frequently used letters of the alphabet.
He would spend most of the night editing his thoughts and composing sentences. It took him about 200, 000 blinks to write his book of more than 100 pages. In it, Bauby describes his paralyzed existence as being trapped in an old-fashioned deep-sea diving bell while the “butterflies” of his mind flutter about freely.
One would expect from this process formal factual report, but that is not the case. The book reads in flowing images that light up his predicament. The style is clear and fresh, and not without elegance, imagination and shafts of humor.
He is also in search of past time, of memory itself, of the books he had read, the poems he had learnt by heart. Even sadder, he thinks of all the books he wanted to read and hadn’t gotten to. He has to listen to someone else reading them to him. He recalls meals, a horse race, his life and work as an editor, and his struggle in his hospital bed to twitch (抽搐) his nose when a fly lands on it.
“From this hell comes a great message of life and hope,” said Antoine Audouard, a friend of Bauby’s and the book’s publisher.
1. We can learn from the article that Jean Dominique Bauby ________.A.die of a rare cardiovascular condition |
B.used to be a successful journalist and editor |
C.suffered brain damage due to Locked-in Syndrome |
D.continued to run magazines from his hospital bed with the help of a nurse |
A.How Bauby was able to write his book. |
B.What Bauby’s life was like after he had been paralyzed. |
C.What The Diving Bell and the Butterfly is mainly about. |
D.Why Bauby named his book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly. |
A.It is written in a formal and serious style. |
B.It focuses on Bauby’s memories from his time as an editor. |
C.It describes Bauby’s paralyzed existence with elegant and creative language. |
D.It gives readers an easy-to-understand introduction to Locked-in Syndrome. |
A.Odd-tempered. | B.Open-minded. | C.Strong-willed. | D.Warm-hearted. |
2 . What a chatbot can teach us about the art of conversation
After lunchtime on May 2, 1989, a student at Drake University in Iowa started an online text chat with a user at University College Dublin. The UCD user’s handle was “MGonz”.
Over the next hour and 20 minutes, the two exchanged insults (谩骂). When the student logged off, he wrote off MGonz as an abusive troll (山怪). But while MGonz was abusive, it was not a troll — it was a simple chatbot programmed by UCD undergrad Mark Humphrys. The next day, Humphrys reviewed the chat logs in astonishment. His MGonz chatbot had passed the Turing test.
The Turing test was invented by the mathematician, codebreaker and computing pioneer Alan Turing in 1950.
Faced with the difficult task of convincing a human that a chatbot is human, the obvious strategy is to increase the sophistication (复杂) of the chatbot, Humphrys try an alternative: reduce the sophistication of the human. MGonz had passed the Turing test, but is it not also fair to say that the student had failed it?
But MGonz generates dialogue because insults need neither context nor memory. And it is impossible to read the MGonz transcript without thinking of ugly parallels on social media.
We are at our best when our conversation explores complex issues and is sensitive to context.
Brian Christian’s book The Most Human Human explores the history of chatbots, while reflecting on the nature of good conversation. Christian argues that chatbots tend to pass for human because we humans set the benchmark so low.
Conversation is not easy. But the best conversations are delightful. So let’s start by promising to do better than MGonz and see what we can build from there.
A.So many of our interactions are predictable or downright rude. |
B.A good conversation involves give and take, builds over time and exists in a context. |
C.That is understandable response to the limited range of modern communication. |
D.But complexity and context do not play well on social media. |
E.The test is simply for a computer to successfully pretend to be a human in a text-based conversation with another human. |
F.Turing had something more uplifting in mind than MGonz’s exchange with the student. |
3 . Being overly emotional may mean reacting to negative feelings quickly instead of letting your intelligence weigh in. Chances are that you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn’t always constructive if you feel overly emotional.
Identify your emotions. It’s important to know what you feel so that you can address each emotion appropriately.
Interpret each emotion’s message.
Increase your empathy (共情). Empathy means observing your emotions less but the emotions of those around you more. If you find yourself focusing largely on your own emotions, take a step back and notice the emotions of the people around you.
A.Turn to professional aid. |
B.Challenge your negative emotions. |
C.Often, you feel emotions as a communication system. |
D.However, it’s vital to listen to your emotions in beneficial ways. |
E.Consider their emotional experience and recognize how they feel. |
F.Reflect on how your body reacts when you notice an emotion coming through. |
G.It means you allow your thoughts to come and observe them without judgement. |
4 . Refresh Your Bedroom
Whether you’ve outgrown the theme of your bedroom or just want to make a few changes to give it an updated look, you don’t need a big budget to make it happen.
Clear out the clutter (杂乱)
Before you start freshening up your space, take a look around to see what could give away to someone who could use it. Ask an adult for two bags or boxes, one for items you want to donate and one for anything that can go directly in the trash.
Think about light
One simple room update that has a big impact is switching up your lighting.
Consider color
Layer your space
Ask a parent whether your family has extra blankets or pillows you could use in your room. They will add new colors, textures, and patterns that will instantly liven up the look and feel of your space.
Personalize your room with photos of family and friends. You can ask a parent for any spare picture frames or pick some up together at a shop. Print out photos and frame them for display. You could also frame your own artwork to hang on a wall or prop up on a dresser.
A.Pick up photos. |
B.Add personal touches. |
C.Lighting is actually an essential decoration of a room. |
D.One idea is to hang inexpensive LED string lights on a wall. |
E.Another inexpensive change that can have big results is paint. |
F.With a few smart strategies, you can give your room a whole new feel. |
G.Once your room is neat, you can see what changes you might want to make. |
5 . There is no doubt that human activity has an effect on the planet. We see the evidence (证据) of mankind’ s endeavors all around us. Overall, it seems that human activity harms the Earth more than benefits it makes. As is vividly (生动地) betrayed (背叛) in the photo above, due to over development, there is limited land being set aside for endangered animals.
Absolutely, we should reserve some land for the world’s animals for the following reasons. First, mankind’s need for land is constantly growing. If the demand is not checked controlled in some way, humans will eventually develop all of the earth’s available land. At that time, mankind will have no more room to grow, and all the wild animals will have disappeared, as well as other valuable resources. Second, humans are able to innovate (创新) and can use the land that they already possess in more efficient ways. Animals are unable to do this. Once their land is taken away from them, they will die. Third and last, endangered animals are an important part of the biodiversity of our planet. If they disappear, we cannot predict what the effect will be. Therefore, we should treat such animals as a valuable resource to be protected.
To sum up, the world’s endangered animals are an important resource and we should protect them by setting aside some land for them. Although mankind’s need for land continues to grow, people are intelligent and inventive enough to put the land into use properly. In this way, we can have enough land for farming, housing and industry,and preserve the biodiversity of the planet at the same time.
1. What are some of the reasons to keep some land for the world’s animals?A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.We don’t see evidence of human effort all around us. |
B.Human activities harm the planet more than good. |
C.There is no constant growth in human demand for land. |
D.Animal species are an important part of the planet’s biodiversity. |
A.Journal of child science. | B.Environmental Protection News. |
C.Global Business Times. | D.Industrial news. |
6 . Summer Holiday Fun
The summer holidays are upon us again. Here is our guide to summer holiday fun in Peterborough!
Saxon Youth Club
School holiday fun: Young people aged 13 — 19 will be able to produce their own music, compete in sports activities, or try their hand at cooking at Saxon Youth Club, Saxon Community Centre, Norman Road, Peterborough every Monday and Wednesday from 3:00 pm. PLUS, an aero ball tournament (航空球比赛) will take place on Thursday, 12th August between 3:30 pm and 6:30 pm.
Call 01 353 720274 for details.
Houghton Mil
Alice through the Looking Glass《爱丽丝梦游仙境2:镜中奇遇记》— a new production of the family favorite on Monday 30th, August. Bring rugs or chairs to sit on and a picnic if you wish to eat during the play. Gates open 5:30 pm, performance 6:30 pm — 8:30 pm. Adult £10. Child £7. Family £20.
Booking advisable on 0845 4505157.
Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey
Farmland Gaines: From Wellie Wanging to Pretend Ploughing matches, come and join the Farmland Team. Collect your sporting stickers and create a colorful rosette that is fit for a winner! No need to book, just turn up between 12:00 pm and 4:00 pm on Thursday, 19th August. Suitable for children aged four and above, each child should be accompanied by an adult and all activities are included in the normal admission price. Tickets Cost £7 per child.
For further information, call 01223 810080.
Peterborough Museum
The Age of the Dinosaurs is the museum’s main attraction this summer. Get up close to prehistoric creatures via some great hands-on exhibits! Watch out for monsters lurking around every ember! The museum is open from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday to Saturday, and from 12: 00 pm to 4:00 pm on Sundays in August.
Call 01733 864663 for details.
1. If you are interested in cooking, you can go to __________.A.Peterborough Museum | B.Houghton Mill |
C.Saxon Youth Club | D.Farmland Museum |
A.£7 | B.£17 | C.£27 | D.£20 |
A.01223 810080 | B.01733 864663 | C.0845 4505157 | D.01 353 720274 |
7 . Many people desire stronger,truer friendships as an adult.
Give yourself permission to bore people
We all know the safe topics to begin when first meeting someone. But this tendency to play it safe can put off knowing whether you are like-minded with a possible friend.
Often our friendships feel shallow because they are based on gossip (八卦,闲聊). It’s human nature to focus on a third person to relieve our stress. We share spicy updates about former classmates with our high school friends, or have a drink with colleagues and complained about the boss.But a friendship built on gossip can leave both people feeling exhausted and upset after they hang out.
If a friend starts to give you updates on other people you know, it can be helpful to say, “I want to hear about what’s going on with you.” Or you can ask yourself, “What would I share about myself if I were with my best friend right now?”
Be curious bout who people are, and who they want to be
A.Cut back on the gossip |
B.Take the gossip seriously |
C.Then jump to the heart of things that you want to share |
D.True friends try to know each other’s thinking about difficult subjects |
E.But the process of building these relationships can prove slow and awkward |
F.True friendships help us get through difficult situations and light up our lives |
G.Rather than chat without risks but without any depth, go straight to what excites you |
8 . Bees are known to tell time by light and social clues. Now, researchers have shown that the biological clocks of bees can be changed by another surprising factor: temperature cycles inside the hive (蜂巢).
The researchers tried to better understand how bees lived in areas beyond where light entered the hive.They were surprised to find clear temperature fluctuations across the day throughout the hive, which was caused by daylight.
To understand how important this temperature cycle was to a bee's activity, the researchers put bees in total darkness all the time while exposing them to the temperature cycles they observed within the hive. Six days later, the scientists moved the temperature cycle back by six hours. “We saw that the bees changed their activity with the temperature, meaning their daily routines were reactive to temperature,” a researcher said.
The discovery that bees can tell exact time from temperature cycles inside the hive shows that on a cloudy day or when bees aren't going outdoors, they have other means to tell time exactly. This will affect the way that researchers understand, explain and combine what they know of bee behavior.
More broadly, as more extreme weather events occur around the world, bees will face challenges to continuing the activities that keep them and the agriculture they support healthy and energetic. If part of the southern U.S. is hit with an unexpected snowstorm, bees getting ready to search for food might not realize they need to save energy and heat the hive. In the event of a 100-degree day, bees will have to spend a lot of energy keeping the hive co. It is those considerations that will influence hive health or possible hive breakdown.
"We want to see how important this research is this winter in Tennessee,when bees aren't leaving the hive as much," researchers said. "We will be interested to see how our findings apply to zones where temperature varies more greatly across the year." This research will also reshape how researchers think about bees' biological rhythms.
1. What does the underlined word "fluctuations" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Measures | B.Changes. | C.Approaches. | D.Functions |
A.It was carried out at night. | B.It was based on a previous study |
C.It analyzed bees' daily routines. | D.It studied how bees react to challenges |
A.Significance | B.result | C.process | D.background |
A.Lights Affect Bees' Biological Clocks | B.Bee Behavior Surprises Researchers |
C.Bees React Smartly to Extreme Weather | D.Bees Can Tell Time by Temperature |
9 . Coffee may be unfriendly to a financial planner, according to researchers from the University of South Florida (USF) “Caffeine (咖啡因), as a powerful stimulant, leads to a higher energetic state, which in turn decreases self-control,” said lead author and USF professor Dipayan Biswas. The findings were published on Thursday in the Journal of Marketing.
According to the study, researchers ran three experiments involving coffee machines at the entrances of a supermarket and home goods store in France and a department store in Spain. Upon entering those places, over 300 shoppers received a cup with nothing in it yet. About half of those shoppers ordered a coffee containing roughly 100 mg of caffeine, while the other half went in with either decaffeinated coffee or water. Importantly, the shoppers also shared their shopping receipts (收据) with researchers as they exited.
Sure enough, people who drank caffeinated coffee bought a significantly higher number of items and spent more money. Interestingly, drinking caffeine also appeared to influence the types of items people bought. Shoppers who drank caffeine bought more unnecessary items, such as decorative candles and fragrances (香水), than the others. However, there were few differences among caffeinated and decaffeinated shoppers when it came to making more practical decisions, including kitchen tools and storage baskets.
The study authors also conducted the fourth experiment in a lab testing the impact of caffeine on online shopping. They separated a group of 200 business school students depending on whether they just drank caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee. Then, each person had to pick which items they would buy from a list of 66 options. Again, people drinking caffeine chose more unnecessary items from the list while the others tended to choose more practical goods.
“While moderate (适度的) amounts of caffeine intake can have positive health benefits, there can be unintended results of being caffeinated while shopping,” Prof Biswas concludes.
1. What can we know about the study?A.Caffeine may improve people’s health | B.Caffeine may help people relieve pressure. |
C.Caffeine may cause people to be unfriendly. | D.Caffeine may leave people less self-controlled. |
A.To pay for their items | B.To record what they drank. |
C.To figure out what they pretend | D.To find out what they bought. |
A.It made students buy more useful goods. | B.It affected students’ shopping choices. |
C.It was beneficial to the students’ health. | D.It made the students energetic in learning. |
A.Stop shopping for caffeinated food. | B.Give up taking in caffeine in daily lift. |
C.Avoid caffeinated coffee before shopping | D.Drink less decaffeinated coffee in life. |
10 . The leather jacket is age-won and soft. I found it banging in the window of a shop in Brighton, England. I was there to deliver a talk on modem women’s writing at an international conference, a PhD student eager to make a name for herself and waiting for her life to start. I had just turned 28.
I’m still closely connected to that woman, her dreams and her ambition (雄心), although she also frightens me. She was always quite determined, this leather jacket woman — she had a five-year plan and was sticking to it! This was the woman who couldn’t find time to visit her grandmother, who regularly missed her nieces’ and nephews’ birthday parties, and who left and didn’t look back.
She and I are one and the same, but we are also very different. There was a change that happened a few years into the five-year plan. Each time one goal post was reached, another took its place. This is the pattern of the overly ambitious. I started to doubt whether it would result in any real success other than an unwavering (坚定不移的) ability to give up everything else along the way. My determination wavered. I realized I didn’t want the same things anymore. The jacket moved to the back of the wardrobe (衣橱).
Seven years later, as I stand in front of my wardrobe filled with useless clothes, I don’t know what to do with the jacket. When England’s cold spread to my bones years earlier, the jacket had felt like a practical thing I bought. Here in Australia’s sunshine, it always felt a little silly. I let it fall heavily on the bed alongside the other clothes I’ve decided to give away because they no longer make the cut.
Yet, despite its uselessness and how much space it takes up, at the last moment I return the leather jacket to the wardrobe. I think it will always stand for a part of myself that I’m not quite willing to give up forever — that ambitious, motivated woman.
1. Why did the author go to Brighton?A.To give a public lecture. | B.To go window shopping. |
C.To study as a PhD student. | D.To start her new life. |
A.Her taste in clothing. | B.Her original dreams. |
C.Her character in her late 20. | D.Her family relationships. |
A.She was proud of her success. | B.She started losing ambition. |
C.She cared less about dressing. | D.She seldom doubted her plan. |
A.To encourage other women. | B.To treasure her real self. |
C.To help her keep warm. | D.To help her set goals. |