1 . The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately. Job Searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from rela-tively few options. If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects （前景） today:

Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you. Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.

Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All busi-nesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue（收益）.Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the peck. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. If you associate with those that stand out from the rest, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.

Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.

How to Improve Your Carter Prospects
Passage outline		Supporting details
Problem		♦Job searching under pressure           1     negative consequences, such as nervous interviewing.
Ways to improve your career prospects	Identify at least two different roles	♦The roles are supposed to have     2    to do with your current skill set. ♦Pay close attention to those things that make you     3    .
	Subscribe to a magazine on carter	♦The relevant knowledge in the workplace can make you       4    in the business world. ♦Follow the examples in your field, making it     5     for you too get better chances.
	Do exceptional work	♦ Try your best to perform at your best. ♦ Work early to finish new tasks with a flexible and positive attitude. ♦ Cooperate with other departments Without     6    little details.
	Be professionally curious	♦ Talk about people’s careers and learn how people      7    success in other role and fields. ♦ Widen your business knowledge by interacting with people    8     ♦ Develop a Habit of connecting well wherever you go.
Conclusion		Facing hard tasks early can help reduce your    9    . ♦ Changing jobs may be     10    , however secure you feel today.

2 . Some years ago industries had more freedom than they now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They took little notice of the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them and conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

Of course, sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S, for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

1. What had bad effects on the health of the workers?(No more than 6 words)
2. In what ways do the departments protect customers and workers?(No more than 20 words)
3. Please explain the underlined phrase “took little notice of” in the first paragraph in English.(No more than 5 words)
4. What is the passage mainly about?(No more than 15 words)
5. Do you think working or living place is safer and cleaner than before? Please give one or two examples.(No more than 20 words)

3 . “HELL is a city much like London,” said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers (居民) have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclear—until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (机能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress.

In Dr Meyer-Lindenberg’s first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25-40%). To make the experience still more embarrassing, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.

The city people’s general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen. However, their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas (杏仁核) and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (前扣带皮层，简称pACC).

People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a person’s childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.

The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now while the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. fMRI allows such connections to be measured.

In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the connections were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these connections broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of order.

Dr Meyer-Lindenberg and his team conducted several more experiments to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths tests—and also tests in which they were mentally ups and downs—while investigators scolded them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given stress-free tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the pACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental effort.

As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship. That association is, nevertheless, interesting. Living in cities brings many benefits, but Dr Meyer-Lindenberg’s work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.

Title: Do urban brains behave differently from rural ones?

Purpose of the research		The research was conducted to explain why city dwellers are more likely to     1     serious disorders than countrymen.
Process of the research	Design of the research	The researchers made the participants take difficult maths tests and provided negative feedback, which served as the source of     2     for the participants. Meanwhile the researchers scanned their brains and got indications by a scanning technique called fMRI .
	Findings of the research	The activity level in the amygdalas is highest in city dwellers,     3     by those living in towns and the countryside. Besides, the amygdalas respond     4    . The activity level of a person’s pACC, regulating the amygdalas, is     5     by the place where he was raised, and the pACC works when a person is at a     6     age. The association between the amygdalas and the pACC depends on a person’s living     7    .
	8     on the findings	Several more experiments were carried out with     9     results.
Conclusion of the research		It is the social stress rather than mental effort that leads to mental disorders, so living in cities also brings some     10    .

4 . Many people think a telephone is a necessity. But I think it is a pest (有害的事物) and a time waste. Very often you find it impossible to escape from it. If you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep, or in the middle of a meal or a conversation or when you are just going out, or when you are in your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it? You are not. You think there may be some important news or message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Have you ever rushed crippling from the bath, or chewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number?

But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only usable for outgoing calls. Besides, you will say, isn’t it important to have a telephone in case of sudden emergency—illness, accident, or fire? Of course, you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like England one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity.

I think perhaps I had better try to justify (证明是有理的) myself by trying to prove that what I like is good. I admit that in different circumstances—if I were a wealthy and powerful businessperson, for instance, or badly ill and had to lie in bed, I might find a telephone a necessity. But then if I were a taxi-driver I should find a car as necessity. Let me put it another way: there are two things for which the English seem to show particular talent: one is mechanical invention, the other literature. My own business happens to be with the use of words but I see I must now stop using them, for I have had just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone. I think I had better answer it. After all, one never knows, it may be something important.

Title: The       1
Different     2       about it	Many people	It is     3     when one wants to make a call, especially in time of     4    .
	The author	It can     5     time and even be     6    .
		Not everyone,    7     a businessperson or a sick person who has to stay in bed, needs it.
		I don’t need it because my job is writing.
8    with it	It always seems to ring when one is doing something else or doesn’t want it to ring.
	Almost     9     can ignore it even if they want to.
	One     10     to answer it only to find that he is misdialed.

5 . Maybe you are an average(一般的) student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how:

    1     When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule(计划) of your time. First your time for eating , sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying.( Don’t forget to set aside(留出) enough time for entertainment. A weekly(每周的) schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force(强迫) you realize what is happening to your time.

    2     . Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but(除了) study materials(材料). No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on(集中精力) the subject.

    3     There are other methods that might help you with your studying. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

    4     . When you get home from school, go over (复习)your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful(有意义的), and you’ll remember it longer.

    5     . The purpose(目的)of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be over-- worried.

A.Study regularly.

B.Believe in yourself.

C.Plan your time carefully.

D.Find a good place to study.

E. Make good use of your time in class.

F. Develop a good attitude towards tests.

G. This will help you understand the next class.

6 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两个选项为多余选项。

The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.

But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line.     1     Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.

For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face? If the answer is no, rewrite and reread.     2    

If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能 ) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.     3     If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect opinions of others in the chat room.

    4     Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it is a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else.     5     At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those you have offended.

A. Everyone was new to the network once.

B. If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.

C. It’s unusual that there are some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.

D. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.

E. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.

F. When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.

G. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.