The Mogao Caves,     1     (carve) into the cliffs above the Dachuan River, include the largest, most abundant, and     2     (long) used treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. It     3     (construct) in 366 AD and represents the great achievement of Buddhist art from the 4th to the 14th century.

The Mogao Caves, the Northern and Southern Area caves together, cover wall paintings, painted sculptures, ancient architecture and movable cultural relics (遗迹). 492 caves are     4     (present) preserved, housing about 45, 000 square meters of wall paintings and more than 2, 000painted sculptures. Cave 302 of the Sui dynasty     5     (show) one of the oldest and most vivid scenes of cultural exchanges along the Silk Road, picturing     6     camel pulling goods typical of trade purpose of that period.

As evidence of the evolution of Buddhist art in the northwest of China, the Mogao Caves are     7     unmatched historical value. These works, many of which are creations of an remarkable talent, provide a     8     (significance) reference for studying the complex history of ancient China and Central Asia. The Mogao Caves,     9     were put under top-level protection, were marked on the World Heritage (遗产) List in 1987. Meanwhile, the Administrative Institution of the Mogao Caves has been working with international projects to study conservation and site management, making     10     (it) full historical information and value available to future generations.

Shadow puppetry—also called shadow play—     1     (get) its start thousands of years ago in China and India. This unique form of storytelling is the     2     (old) type of puppetry in the world so far.

    3     is placed between a light and a screen is a vividly—shaped shadow puppet. Moving it creates the illusion(错觉) of a moving image on the screen.     4     experienced puppeteer can make figures appear to walk, fight and dance.

The first shadow puppets were likely made out of animal hides (兽皮). Their strength and     5     (flexible) allowed the puppeteer to move the puppet easily to create the desired effects. Today, a wide variety of materials are accessible     6     people. You might see shadow puppets made out of paper, plastic, wood or cloth. There’s no end to how creative puppeteers can be when     7     (make) puppets.

Shadow puppets are usually constructed in     8     (whole) separate pieces that are then put together with strings or wires. The strings or wires are usually attached to long rods (杆) that the puppeteer will use     9     (control) the movement of the puppet.

Although shadow puppets can be very creative and elaborate, they also can be very simple. With little       10     no experience, a classroom can put on a simple shadow play with little expense and just a little time.

Whether tiny and used for delicate needle work     1     large and employed to make clothing, as well as for other purposes , traditional Chinese scissors are distinctive.

Scissors were once handmade by a Chinese man who also made metal     2    (knife) in his shop. Today’s scissors, often made of steel rather than iron, are produced in larger workshops     3    (employ) a combination of traditional and modern methods. These workshops produce a range of all-purpose scissors capable     4     cutting anything from sheet metal to fine silk.

No scissor producer in China is more famous than the Zhang Xiaoquan Scissors Factory,     5    (found) in 1663 in Hangzhou,     6     currently produces about 45 million pairs of 120 different styles each year.     7    (original), production required 72 steps, but this has been reduced to 24. One unique feature of the Zhang Xiaoquan brand is that beautiful landscapes and images of birds, flowers, and animals are still hand-carved along the surface of each pair. The     8    (company) scissors won various international honors, besides having been designated(指定) as “Imperial Palace Scissors” by the Qing emperor’s court. Up to now, identified as deserving protection along with     9    (diversity) centuries-old craft products, Zhang Xiaoquan     10    (recognize) as a laozihao or “heritage brand”.

You can be happy even when you’re suffering from illness, but that doesn’t mean you should ignore the aspects of your health     1     are in your control. Exercise and sleep are particularly important when it comes     2     happiness.

Making exercise a regular habit isn’t just good for the body. It also has a     3     (power) effect on mental well-being. People who exercise regularly are happier across the board. Plus, they’re also less stressed, anxious, and     4     (depress).

It doesn’t really matter     5     kind of exercise you do, so long as you do it regularly. For the best results, aim for an hour of exercise at least five days a week. If you find something you enjoy, you’ll be more likely     6     (stick) to it. So don’t think you’re limited to     7     (go) to the gym. Find something that suits your lifestyle and preferences. If you’re having trouble thinking of activities you enjoy, think back to when you     8     (be) a kid. What sports or games did you like to play?

Also, getting quality sleep every night directly     9     (affect) your happiness, and emotional stability during the day. When you re lacking sleep, you’re much easier to stress. It’s harder to be productive, think creatively, and make wise     10     (decide). The average person needs at least 7.5 - 9 hours each night.

Trends popular among the youth such as “China chic” and the growing influence of young consumers have driven the development of hanfu industry in recent years. Among the various     1     (style), the horse face skirt has emerged as the most popular item.

    2    (combine) classical elegance with modern simplicity, the horse face skirt is said to perfectly suit the contemporary culture and lifestyle of young people, making     3     a fashion icon (标志). This trend has gained popularity in Luoyang city, Central China’s Henan province,    4     numerous performers recently showcased these beautiful skirts in their acts, with many visitors alike     5     (dress) in the elegant horse face skirts. In Caoxian county of Shandong province, one of the country’s hanfu production and sales centers, the sales     6     the horse face skirts during last Spring Festival holiday     7     (increase) dozens of times compared to usual volumes. Actually, the skirt has become a very popular     8     (choose) for gifts.

The current popularity of hanfu in the country is believed     9     (indicate) more than a fashion trend; it     10     (represent) a deeper connection to Chinese tradition and cultural identity.

Yang Jiang was a well-known Chinese playwright, translator, and author. She belonged to     1     unique and beautiful existence in Chinese literature. She was the first Chinese academic     2    (translate) Miguel de Cervantes’ Spanish novel Don Quixote to Chinese and at that time, her translation     3     (honor) as the recreation of the original work       4     the basis of loyalty.

Yang was born into a rich family in 1911,     5    (original)named Yang Jikang. After eventually     6     (graduate) from Soochow University, she enrolled at the graduate school of Tsinghua University. She met her husband there, Qian Zhongshu, another acclaimed writer in China.

Other than translations, Yang     7     (author) many plays, novels, and essays during her writing career. Her short novel Mr. Wang,     8    (write) in 1984, was selected as an article in the textbook. In 1986, she got the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise, a famous Spanish civil order, for her     9     (achieve) in Don Quixote. Her bestseller was We Three in 2003,     10     sales exceeded 180,000 copies in two months. Yang passed away in 2016, at the age of 105.

Butter arguably makes everything better — even tea. Yak (牦牛) butter tea, a traditional drink of China’s Tibetan ethnic group, is catching on with its     1     (salt) and unexpected flavor.

For Jason, who works at Café Himalaya in New York City,     2     butter in the cup of tea before him ideally comes from a yak.     3    , in New York yak butter is pretty hard to come by, so Jason, as well as anyone who orders it at Café Himalaya, has to make do with butter     4     a cow. Back in Tibet, yak butter is plentiful, yet no one knows exactly when yak butter     5     (add) to hot tea for the first time.

The     6     (introduce) of this hot butter tea to Tibet provided Tibetans with warmth and supplemented their meager (贫乏的) diet. Also known as Tibetan medicine, it is believed to be able to     7     (sharp) one’s mind and body. Today it is part of Tibetan hospitality to offer guests butter tea and refill the bowl again and again until it’s time for goodbyes — at which point a polite guest will drink up     8     is left.

To non-Tibetans, yak butter may taste strange at first as it makes for a very different taste than the sweet butter     9     (produce) by corn-fed cows. Some of them find it helpful     10     (think) of it as a sort of light soup rather than as tea.

Mamianqun, also known as Horse-face Skirt, is one of the     1     (representative) of the ancient Chinese style skirt.     2     appeared in the Song Dynasty and grew popularduring the Ming Dynasty. Ever since, it has reserved its     3     (distinction) “horseface” structure and undergone a fascinating evolution.

This traditional skirt is composed of two overlapping panels of fabrics, each of     4     is identical and forms half of the skirt. With four openings, two in the front and two behind, the skirt is well-suited     5     women planning to go horseback riding. Typically, the decorative patterns of mamiangun     6     (divide) into individual and broad embroidery (刺绣) fabric patterns,     7    (carry) unique meanings respectively.

Up to now, Hanfu designers and enthusiasts     8     (develop) more modified andmodern-style mamianqun.     9     (additional), to bring new life to this historical cultural costume, Hanfu enthusiasts have integrated mamiangun with more casual clothes like T-shirts or blouses, presenting     10     more casual look.

Of all the 24 solar terms, Clear and Bright is the only one, the first day of     1     is also a traditional Chinese festival, Qingming Festival or Tomb-Sweeping Day. The words “clear” and “bright” describe the weather during this period. Temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases,    2    (make)it a crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring.

Cleaning the tombs and paying respect to the dead     3     offerings are the two important practices to remember late relatives. Weeds around the tomb are cleared away and fresh soil     4    (add)to show care for the dead. As trees turn green, flowers blossom, and the sun shines     5    (bright), everything return s to life. It is a fine time to appreciate the beauty of nature. This custom can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476BC)and Warring States Period (475—221BC). Flying kites is     6     activity favored by many Chinese during Tomb-Sweeping Day.     7     makes flying kites during this day special is that people cut the string while the kite is in the sky     8     ( let )it fly free. It is said that this brings good luck and that various     9     (disease)can be chased away by doing this.

In many parts of China, eating eggs during Tomb-Sweeping Day is also important. The Chinese folk     10    (believe)is that eating an egg on Tomb-Sweeping Day will bring good health all year. Today, people believe that eating eggs on Tomb-Sweeping Day will bring success.

Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer to develop the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗),     1     protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer.

Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on     2     (obtain) a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University,     3     (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV)     4     (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by HPV and it     5     (believe) that a vaccine against HPV might work. The vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune response to the virus,     6     causing an infection. This was a significant focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis     7     the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines.

    8     (unfortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had     9     huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in     10     (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation.