Science and technology are advancing at tremendous speed. We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our     1     technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices     2     much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York     3     the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has     4     since the early 1990s. The devices were     5     by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the     6     in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets     7     in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The     8     number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to thirteen in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and     9     to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what’s the possible solution? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers would replace old products with new electronics that     10     more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

Dinner and a movie was a two-part affair. But increasingly, the two have merged into a single experience, allowing     1     to get fries and a beer while they watch the latest superhero blockbuster. Full-service theatres have become a Friday-night pastime as American as, well, going to the movies.

Dine-in cinemas are not altogether new. In the late 1980s, brothers Mike and Brian McMenamin opened one in Portland, Ore. A decade later, inspired by the McMenamins, Tim and Karrie League began     2     trendy beer with hits like The Craft at the Alamo Draft-house in Austin. But in recent years, the trend has expanded from niche to     3     .There are now 29 Alamo locations nationwide, from Omaha to El Paso.

Full-service theaters appeal to a broader, more regionally     4     customer base. At Movie Tavern, for instance, you can order popcorn shrimp and a “Jumbo Jar” margarita while watching the film. AMC, the biggest U. S. movie-theater company, launched Dine-in, where meals can be ordered with the     5     of a button. iPic Theaters offer something similar to a first-class flying experience: Leather reclining chairs and a menu developed by a James Beard Award-winning chef. For the most     6     experience, you will have to fly to Paris, where Europa Corp First Class, serves champagne, caviar(鱼子酱)and Pierre Herme Macarons.

The rise in full-service movie-going coincides with declining ticket sales across the industry. North American movie     7     in 2017 plunged to what appears to be a 27-year low. Between the glut of uninspired reboots     8     theaters, young audiences choosing to consume content on their smartphones and the dramatic rise in the popularity of streaming, it is no wonder that theater owners are seeking creative ways to lure customers years, AMC Dine-in achieved 4% growth in just two.

Full-service theaters are not without their doubters. Despite server’s attempts at stealth (动作轻柔), many find them     9     when serving food. Some prefer to eat post-movie for a chance to discuss what they’ve just watched. And as expensive as traditional theater concessions (小食) have become, prices are apt to get steeper once pancetta (意大利腌肉) enters the     10    .

But for those with the funds, the full-service theater offers reason enough to quit online movies.

A leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the     1     and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker,     2     the phrase "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things," he was seeking to clarify the     3     he associates with the terms.

When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly     4     individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular     5     very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例), which he observed     6     on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive     7     attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he     8     how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a(n)     9     vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you     10    . Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

New York and New Tax

According to a Manhattan Institute survey, more than half of high-earning New Yorkers are working entirely from home and 44% are considering leaving the city. Ned Lamont, Connecticut’s governor, has said “the old idea of the commuter(通勤者) going into New York City five days a week may be outdated.” It does seem     1     that the tens of thousands commuting from Mr. Lamont’s state will continue to do so. The region’s governors have     2     well together to deal with the pandemic(流行病), but the friendliness may soon end over taxes.

When people from     3     states like New Jersey and Connecticut commute to New York to work for a New York-based employer, they must pay New York tax on the related earned income. Even those who work from home must pay New York taxes unless the employee is working outside New York by     4    .

Taxpayers and those states are looking closely at this loophole(漏洞). In December, Connecticut and New Jersey applied to the Supreme Court to consider a case which     5     a state’s authority to tax non-residents’ income while they are working remotely. They think this is definitely a(n)     6     to the city’s finances. “Firms have considered leaving the city before, and employees are gradually accepting the idea. They have been working remotely for almost ten months and they’ve     7     to that idea.”

Companies are also watching the progression of the billionaire Mark to Market Tax Act, which would treat capital     8     from billionaires’ property as taxable income. New York’s Democratic governor said he would reject any laws     9     heavy taxes on the rich, because it would drive out wealthy, mobile residents. It would not take too many moving trucks for the city to feel the economic loss, says Michael Hendrix. A 5%     10     of New Yorkers making about $10,000 would result in an annual loss of $933m—roughly the amount distributed to the city’s health department.

Minimum wage laws in the U.S. were first introduced during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. This period was     1     by falling output, falling prices, and falling employment. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 attempted to stop this downward trend by encouraging the     2     of trade association agreements that established the lowest price and minimum wages. This was the first time that minimum wages were introduced in major industries. But in 1935, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NIRA was unlawful, and these initial minimum wage agreements came to an end.

In 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) established a national minimum wage of $0.25 an hour. This Act     3     only applied to a relatively small share of the labor force, but has been     4     over time so that it now applies to about 90% of all nonsupervisory workers.

Introductory economies textbooks usually first introduce the minimum wage as an application of demand and supply analysis. This starting discussion is usually based on the following     5    : the labor market is perfectly competitive, the minimum wage covers all workers, and worker productivity is     6     by the wage rate.

While minimum wage increases generally receive     7     public support, economists have generally argued that such laws will result in an increase in the unemployment rate in low-wage labor markets.

An issue related to that of a minimum wage is a growing movement for a “living wage”.Living wage proposals suggest that the     8     minimum wage is too low to allow families to be above the poverty level. Now,     9     of this view support “living wage laws” that require the local government to only accept contracts from firms that pay their workers a wage that is high enough to     10     the worker above the poverty line. Under Baltimore’s “living wage” requirement, firms must pay a worker an hourly wage that will allow a full-time worker to receive an annual income greater than or equal to the poverty level for a family of three.