1 . 选词填空

encourage   take off   sudden   stop   breathe   serious   danger   hospital   life rush     shock     thanks to     help     but     shout

It was a bright afternoon when Jonathan Bauer and his 13-year-old daughter, Ava, were driving home on the bridge.     1    , not far ahead of them, a black truck run from one side to the other and caused a     2     accident, hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge. Bauer     3     the car in time to avoid hitting it.

After making sure Ava was okay, Bauer got out of his car to see if anyone needed     4    . And then a shout came from the truck. The driver’s door was opened and a man climbed out. He     5     to the railing. Bauer ran up beside him and saw a car seat in the water. Next to it was a girl, about two years old. She was floating (漂浮) on her back, kicking and     6    . Bauer waited for the driver to do something,     7     he didn’t move. Maybe he was completely     8    . Bauer knew the little girl was in great     9    .

“Ava!” Bauer shouted. “Stay by the car!”

He     10     his shoes and quickly jumped into the shallow water. Bauer swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water: eyes closed, not     11    . He patted (轻拍) her back to force the water out of her body.     12     his first aid, her eyes were opened and she breathed again. A moment later a lifeboat pulled up and both were helped to get on the boat. An ambulance (救护车) waited on the bridge. Minutes later, they were taken to the nearest     13    .

Ava Bauer is     14     by her father’s actions and she wants to become a firefighter so that she could save     15     like him. “That girl is going to live a whole life because of him.” she says. “It’s great.”

2 . 结合语境用下面单词或词组的适当形式填空。

few   a few   little   a little   many   much

1. I try to visit my parents every ________ weeks.
2. He was advised to smoke ________ cigarettes and drink ________ beer.
3. But after the phone call, the journalist promised to ask ________ friends to teach him.
4. New drivers have twice as ________ accidents as experienced drivers.
5. Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are ________ likely to suffer from depression

3 . 结合语境用other, others, another, the other, the others填空。
1. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
2. I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and _________ half learning drawing.
3. The manager believes prices will not rise by __________ four percent.
4. Both sides have accused _________ of breaking the contract.
5. It is very necessary that children should be taught how to get along with _________.
6. Jack is hard-working and intelligent. In _________ words, I can’t speak too highly of him.
7. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ______ animals.
8. There are five language labs here. One is on the second floor and _________ are in the third floor.
9. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _______.
10. I don’t know any French people _________ than you.

4 . 结合语境用something, anything, nothing, everything填空。
1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _________.
2. I got this bicycle for _________: My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
3. There is _________ in his words. We should have a try.
4. I know that _________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
5. She couldn’t see or hear _________ at all.

5 . 结合语境用both, all, either, neither, none, nothing填空。
1. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.
2. — Would you like tea or coffee?
— _______, thank you. I’ve just had some water.
3. Of all the books on the desk, __________ is of any use for our study.
4. They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions.
5. You may drop in or just give me a call. _______ will do.
6. Both teams were in hard training; __________ was willing to lose the game.
7. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _______ of them answered it.
8. On _________ side/On _______ sides of the road were green fields and some farm house.
9. — How do you find your classmates?
— Most of them are kind, but ______ is so good to me as Bruce.
10. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _______ of them again．

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. evidenced     B. outlined     C. span     D. confirmed       E. generalizable        F. walking       G. charges     H. clearly     I. well-protected     J. originally       K. caution

A man deliberately got 217 Covid shots. Here’s what happened

One German man has redefined “man on a mission.” A 62-year-old from Magdeburg deliberately got 217 Covid-19 vaccine shots in the     1     of 29 months, according to a new study, going against national vaccine recommendations. That’s an average of one jab every four days. In the process, he became a(n)     2     experiment for what happens to the immune system when it is vaccinated against the same pathogen (病原体) repeatedly. A correspondence published Monday in the journal Lancet Infectious Diseases     3     his case and concluded that while his “hypervaccination” did not result in any adverse health effects, it also did not significantly improve or worsen his immune response.

The man, who is not named in the correspondence in compliance with German privacy rules, reported receiving 217 Covid shots between June 2021 and November 2023. Of those, 134 were     4     by a prosecutor and through vaccination center documentation; the remaining 83 were self-reported, according to the study.

“This is a really unusual case of someone receiving that many Covid vaccines,     5     not following any type of guidelines,” said Dr. Emily Happy Miller, an assistant professor of medicine and of microbiology and immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine who did not participate in the research.

The man did not report any vaccine-related side effects and has not had a Covid infection to date, as     6     by repeated antigen (抗原) and PCR testing between May 2022 and November 2023. The researchers     7     that it’s not clear that his Covid status is directly because of his hypervaccination regimen.

“Perhaps he didn’t get Covid because he was     8     in the first three doses of the vaccine,” Miller said. “We also don’t know anything about his behaviors.” Dr. Kilian Schober, senior author of the new study and a researcher at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, said it is important to remember that this is an individual case study, and the results are not     9    .

The researchers also say they do not endorse hypervaccination as a strategy to enhance immunity. “The benefit is not much bigger if you get vaccinated three times or 200 times,” Schober said.

The public prosecutor in Magdeburg opened an investigation into the man for the unauthorized issuing of vaccination cards and forgery of documents but did not end up filing criminal     10    , according to the study.

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advances B. combed C. net D. heads E. automation F. modest G. comprehensive H. thinned I. prior J. underlie K. unearth

Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the     1     balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine     2    , and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.

“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades. from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades     3    .” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s     4    . The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n)     5     look at the text of U. S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.

The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues     6     through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to     7     related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.

From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department     8    , and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been     9     by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.

Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more     10    , and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.

10 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alternative       B. astonishing             C. computerized       D. contribution             E. developing F. rate             G. modified             H. perfect          I. reject          J. relevance          K. sufficient

Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions worldwide.

Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are     1    . The mouse genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically     2     to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.

Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their     3     to science and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species. And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”

However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to     4     the process to reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize (麻醉) the mice, then you do it to reduce their stress. And if there is a (n)     5     method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and normally allowed to do the procedure.”

If we     6     animal research, are there alternatives? Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field     7     on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field, because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study their function, micro-dosing treatments in humans and     8     models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those computers with     9     knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”

Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you can actually get a much better picture that is of much better     10     to humans.”