Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word-组卷网

题型：选词填空-短文选词填空难度：0.65 引用次数：36 题号：22950197

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advances B. combed C. net D. heads E. automation F. modest
G. comprehensive H. thinned I. prior J. underlie K. unearth

Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the 1 balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine 2 , and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.

“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades. from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades 3 .” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s 4 . The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) 5 look at the text of U. S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.

The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues 6 through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to 7 related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.

From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department 8 , and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been 9 by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.

Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more 10 , and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.

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更新时间：2024-05-25 19:53:40 |

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【知识点】科学技术

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文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是互联网的发展带给出版业的影响以及出版商的担忧。

【推荐1】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. struggling B. tough C. threatened D. delaying E. predict F. alarming
G. demand H. dramatically I. approaches J. concerned K. entirely

The Future of Publishing: E-publish or die? The iPad and its kind are both good and bad for book publishers. Like many other parts of the media industry, publishing is being 1 reshaped by the growth of the Internet. For years, e-books have 2 to cut sales of the old-fashioned kind. In response, publishers are trying to support their traditional business while preparing for a future in which e-books will represent a much bigger chunk of sales.

For some time, publishers have operated a “wholesale” pricing model with Amazon. This has enabled Amazon to set the price of many new e-books at $9.99. Amazon has maintained prices low in order to boost 3 for its Kindle. However, publishers are 4 that this may make consumers expect lower prices for all kinds of books. And they worry the downward trend will further cut their thin margins and make 5 bricks-and-mortar booksellers (实体书商) suffer more. Some in the industry even 6 that publishers will suffer a similar fate to that of music companies, whose fortunes disappeared when songs can be cheaply sold online. This is particularly 7 for publishers because digital margins are almost as thin as print ones.

Some publishers try 8 the release of electronic versions of new books for months after the print launch to increase print sales. Some are starting to build their own online target reader groups. Sourcebooks, a medium-sized publisher that has developed an online group focused on poetry, found that book sales rose by 50% after poems had featured on the site. The publishing firms that survive the 9 transition will be those who use flexible 10 and learn quickly to think. Not all of them can turn that particular page successfully.

2024-05-04更新 | 29次组卷

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【推荐2】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

A. physical B. practical C. popular D. capable AB. range AC. blame
AD. return BC. concerns BD. dropped CD. shared ABC. improvements

Born and raised in a digital age, today’s young people are generally tech savvy （技术娴熟的). But when it comes to basic life skills, they are less 1 than the older generation.

According to a recent study by YouGov, a UK-based market research firm, 69 percent of 18-24-olds in the UK have no idea how to bleed a radiator (暖气片换水). About 35 percent of them don’t know how to sew on a button, while about 11 percent don’t understand how to change a light bulb or iron clothes.

In fact, the problem is 2 by young people in the United States. According to a report by Forbes in 2014, most millennial (千禧一代) drivers don’t know how to check their tire pressure. Cooking is another basic life skill that has been 3 as millennials are much more likely to order food deliveries than previous generations.

Technology may be to 4 for this generational gap. “Skills at using phones and computers are the ones valued these days, and the 5 hands-on skills of yesteryear are now seen as functions that can be easily outsourced (外包),” Sandi Mann, senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, told the Mirror.

Indeed, 6 in technology have made young people unfamiliar with many basic life skills. For example, with GPS always at hand, young people have had no need to learn how to read 7 maps,

However, this change has raised 8 among many people. “If you have your master’s degree and you can’t live within your means or go home from your job and feed yourself a nutritious meal, you’re not a complete graduate,” Chris Moore, a professor from Brigham Young University, US, told HuffPost.

That’s why there’s an increasing call for the 9 of “home ec” in the US, short for home economics, which teaches basic life skills like cooking and how to do laundry. It was very 10 in the early 20^th century, but was later taken out of schools and universities because of budget cuts. But recently, home ec was reintroduced in a small number of schools and universities.

2021-12-21更新 | 71次组卷

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名校

文章大意：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍智能设备不一定能帮助人们变得聪明并介绍人们可以尝试解决手机成瘾和对抗数字痴呆症的几种方法。

【推荐3】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. consequence       B. Similarly       C. describes       D. address
E. recall       F. associated       G. nonessential       H. convenient
I. addiction       J. Obviously       K. balance

Digital dementia—Smart devices don’t necessarily help people act smart

When was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you have been using technology like a cellphone. While some generations can 1 the days of memorizing phone numbers, it’s possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single contact. Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and 2 ways for storing and accessing information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without 3 . As digital devices develop more and more, user’s heavy reliance on them may be having bad effects. “Digital dementia (痴呆症)” is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.

Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik 4 digital dementia like this; “we depend so much on our smartphones that they are making us stupid.” As medical studies show the decline in memory and cognitive (认知的) skills among smartphone user, a connection is made between symptoms 5 with dementia.

The seriousness of overuse becomes apparent when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. The overstimulation of screens and sounds can lead to 6 . So now parents , teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx (涌现) of young people with this kind of addiction

7 , smartphones aren’t all bad. They’re incredibly convenient, and the connectivity they create cannot be taken for granted. The key is figuring out how to strike a 8 between usage and no—use. Here are a few ways people can try to 9 cellphone addiction and fight against digital dementia.

First, monitor your cellphone use. Cut back on any 10 usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.

Second, determine designated (指定的) areas for cellphone use. For example, while you are at home, only allow yourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn’t automatically filled with staring at your screen.

2023-01-14更新 | 52次组卷

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