1 . 选词填空

A. minerals     B. agriculture     C. profitable     D. available     E. shortages     F. celebrations G. immigrants     H. increased     I. population     J. fashionable     K. opened

Chinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured (契约的) labor, after China had     1     its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks, farm laborers and etc.

Indentured Chinese     2     worked in all colonies variously as station hands, plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.

Due to labor     3     in West Australia, the Colonial Government organized Chinese contract labor between 1847 and 1898, most working as laborers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese people came from rural backgrounds and brought with them     4     and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.

Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly     5     the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia; about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other     6     were discovered in Queensland, Northern Territory and Tasmania.

When mining became less     7    , many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making, market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods, especially tea, silk, vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought-after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea, were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into     8     evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.

Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese     9     in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every year by     10     of Lunar New Year.

2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. abandoned B. challenge C. colored D. demonstrate E. ensures F. initiatives G. innovation H. pilot I. purchased J. recycled K. tailors

Lego: One Step Closer to Being Sustainable

The Lego Group is one step closer to reaching its goal of making all its products from sustainable materials by 2030.

The Danish toymaker revealed a prototype (雏形) brick made from     1     plastic. In a news release, Lego said the PET plastic from     2     bottles makes up the first brick to meet the company’s “strict quality and safety requirements.” One way the company     3     safety is by sourcing materials from suppliers that use processes approved by the US Food & Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority.

“The biggest     4     on our sustainability journey is rethinking and innovating new materials that are as long-lasting, strong and high quality as our existing bricks—and fit with LEGO elements made over the past 60 years,” Lego Group Vice President of Environmental Responsibility Tim Brooks said. “With this prototype we’re able to    5     the progress we’re making to the public.”

It will be “some time” before bricks made from used materials can be     6    , Lego said. The company will continue to test and develop the PET formulation (配方) and decide whether to move to the     7     production phase, which is expected to take at least a year. One factor the company is testing is how the material can be     8    .

“Experimentation and failing is an important part of learning and     9    . Just as kids build, unbuild and rebuild with LEGO bricks at home, we’re doing the same in our lab,” Brooks said.

The move follows last year’s announcement that the company was making a $400 million investment over three years into sustainability     10    . It included phasing out the single-use plastic bags from its boxes and instead using recyclable paper for its packaging.

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. achieved       B. applicant-tracking       C. descriptive       D. eliminate   E. extent F. high-energy       G. match       H. missions   I. outcomes          J. quantifiable   K. screen

Outsmarting the Robots Q: Regarding your column on trying to get your resume past the robots, I’m a 59-year-old sales professional looking for a job. I suspect I’m getting bounced because I’m showing 20-plus years of experience. How should I be describing my experience to get past these     1     systems?—C.P.

A: These systems typically     2     applicants based partly on their education level, titles held on past jobs and consistency (一致性)of work history. Job-search coaches often recommend leaving out dates more than 20 years in the past. Also,     3     the names of past employers that are out of business. Replace them with a general description of the kind and     4     of the experience you gained there, such as sales management, and mention titles held and results     5     in those roles. Place special emphasis on quantifying such     6     as sales or market-share growth or customers gained.

Try to apply only for openings that are truly a good     7    , then tailor your application and cover letter by selecting the same keywords and     8     terms used by the employer in the job posting. Emphasize your most recent roles. If you’ve been out of work for a while, consider acquiring some new qualifications through training, or putting your sales skills to work for a nonprofit organization in a role that will enable you to show     9     results. Employers will be looking for an active,     10     applicant who is ready for a fast start.

4 . Use the words in the box to complete the following excerpt from a student’s speech.

commit            bounce around            rather than            come to a conclusion          define in common            radium            had a great influence on

Probably everyone dreams of having a great career, but first let’s     1    what this means. When thinking about what makes a career great, many ideas may    2     in your head, such as the desire for money, power, or fame. Different people might have different opinions about this, but wouldn’t it be kind of greedy to focus on money and fame     3    on something more meaningful? Please close your eyes and think of someone professional and successful. It could be a famous entrepreneur, a great leader, a scientist or an artist, or a teacher who     4    you. My choice would be Marie Curie, who discovered     5    . For me, she is great not just because she was world-famous, but because she made great contributions to mankind. Being a female scientist was much less common in her time, but in spite of this she devoted her life to her career. So I    6     that if you want a great career, you need to     7    yourself to something meaningful. I believe all great careers have this    8    .

5 . Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words in the box.

candidate     commitment     cruel     damp     motive     resolution     wage

One hundred years ago, exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business. Because of the     1     weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic, the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers died. The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low     2    and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold and     3    weather. They also had to have a strong     4    to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was, great personal discipline, and a firm     5     to the other members of the team. Yet, many    6     still applied to join such explorations. Some might have wanted to become famous. Others were looking for rewards. However, the     7     for many was to experience a great adventure.

6 . Complete the summary using the words from the box below.

alcohol     appropriate     cue     cycle     negative     pill   psychology     reward     tobacco     discipline

Teenagers often have bad habits. Most can be stopped by taking     1    action. However, habits like     2    and     3     abuse can lead to serious addictions. According to modern     4    , to change bad habits, we must first analyse them using the “habit     5    ”. To fix or improve a bad habit, we must first find out what the     6    is. Then we must change the old    7     routine to something more positive. If successful, we will feel a sense of     8     and our bad habit may disappear. Changing a bad habit is difficult, and it is easy to make excuses and give up. We need to make up our minds and show some     9    , and make small changes over time. There is no magic    10     to help us, but changing will ensure we have a happy and healthy life!

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. needed     B. directly       C. constantly        D. dangerous       E. weightless       F. repaired    G. affected       H. permanent     I. scans        J. results        K. decades

Bad News For Astronaut Skeletons

Astronauts whose bones are weakened by spaceflight may not recover even after returning to Earth, according to a new study. This raises questions about how humans will cope on long space missions.

The     1     conditions in space mean that astronauts’ bodies are not     2     exercising in the same way as they are on Earth. Muscles get weaker but bones are also     3     because the body does not replace minerals that are     4    .

Since 2015, doctors at the University of Calgary in Canada have been studying the problem by comparing     5     of astronaut tibias (shinbones) made before flight,     6     after return to Earth, and after six and 12 months of recovery time. Their     7     show that a year after returning to Earth, bones still have up to 2.1% lower mineral density (a measure of their strength) than before the flight.

Dr Leigh Gabel, who led the team, explained that the effects of a few months in space were equal to several     8     of ageing on Earth. Damage to the bone itself that occurs in space can’t be     9    , says Gabel, so “the astronaut’s overall bone structure permanently changes”.

The study found that the longer the space mission, the greater and more     10     the bone loss. This supports a 2020 study that predicted that during a three-year mission to Mars, one in three astronauts would be at risk of osteoporosis (fragile bones). Gabel says space agencies will need to improve the exercise and nutrition they offer astronauts if they are to go on such long trips.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. deliberately B. justifiable C. accumulating D. consume E. spills F. spent   G. potential H. charging I. boost J. subscription K. collected

Is rental fashion the future?

With a cost-of-living crisis and climate awareness sitting heavily at the forefront of our minds, many of us are having to make choices about what we    1    . Fashion is one of them. As of 2021, UK households    2    approximately 57.3 billion British pounds on clothing, significantly contributing to the very real effects of climate change that can be felt around the world.

Even the fastest of fashion retailers are taking note; this summer, BooHoo announced that they will be    3     a returns fee to try and help customers reflect on overshopping habits. Meanwhile, Love Island teamed up with eBay as their official partner for 2022’s series,     4     avoiding their usual tie-ins.

However, there will still be times where a new item feels like a    5    treat: to attend a wedding, to suit the requirements of a job interview, for that much-needed; confidence    6    on a date. For those who love to shop, getting oneself completely out of retail seems a little like a punishment, taking away yet another source of joy during already-undesirable times.

So here comes rental fashion. The set-up is simple. Rent three, five or ten items and swap (替换) every month, with prices starting from £39 a month for a three-item. In the case of any accidents, do not fear     7    and light damages (think broken zips and small stains) are accounted for in the pricing, as is laundry. If you fall in love, there are options to keep certain items longer, or if you’re not in the market for anything new, your     8    can be easily paused or cancelled.

At the end of each cycle, you’ll receive an email reminding you to choose your next box. With a three-item return, items can be returned at a local drop-off point, whilst bigger parcels will be     9    when the team make their next delivery. Think of it a kind of clothing library, where items are rotated in and out of your life instead of     10     dust.

9 . Directions:   Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. ultimately B. crowned     C. string       D. distancing   E. secure       F. rewarded G. spectacular H. prominence     I. edge             J. sustaining     K. proudly

Just Focus on Your Own Way

Head held high as she took the court moments after her Chinese team entered the arena, she waved and smiled in several directions. She then paced around the floor observing China’s championship opponents from Serbia (塞尔维亚). She     1     sang through the national anthem, guided her team to defend the title and made her own history, too. Lang Ping became the first person to win back-to-back World Cup championships both as a player (1981,1985) and as a coach (2015, 2019).

Lang, a significant cultural icon in China, rose to    2     as a volleyball player in the early 1980s. She, along with her teammates, was     3     four-time world champions in international competitions between 1981 and 1985. This    4     of victories pushed women’s volleyball to the forefront of Chinese sports discussions. Before this time, only table tennis had taken on a characterization as the sport in which the Chinese boasted about an outright     5    . As the leading outside hitter (主攻手), Lang herself was honored as the MVP of women’s volleyball at the 1984 Olympics.

After she retired from playing, Lang moved to the United States to experience what she called a “normal life”,     6     herself from her national fame. In 1987, she started coaching the women’s volleyball team at the University of New Mexico. Having honed her coaching skills with these young athletes over a five-year period, Lang became the head coach of China women’s national team in 1995.   She     7     led the team to a silver medal at the 1996 Olympics and a second place at the World Championship two years later. In 2005, Lang set her sights on a new challenge: coaching the U.S. women’s national volleyball team. The first foreign female to coach a major sport for the United States, she devoted herself to the job, despite     8     criticism back home. Lang returned to coach the Chinese national team for the second time in 2013. After guiding the team to the gold medal at the 2016 Olympics, she became the first person in volleyball history to     9     Olympic titles both as a player and as a coach. However, when asked about her success, Lang just said, “It’s not important for me to make history. But I’m so happy for the girls. They trained very hard.”

Lang’s     10     life is displayed in a recently announced documentary entitled The Iron Hammer, named after her nickname. The film not only tells her story but showcases her internal strength and commitment to greatness in the sport. Furthermore, her ability to break down gender barriers has inspired women to achieve new heights in the sport, a legacy that still inspires hope in the youth of today.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. adjustments B. emit C. hit D. lanes E. players   F. preventing G. semi-autonomous H. shift I. supervising J. traditional   K. worn-out

Baby Steps Toward Autonomy…

Companies, like Google and Tesla, didn't even exist when Toyota introduced the Prius in1997. However, they have become major     1     in the auto industry recently. Both of them aim to introduce fully autonomous cars ---that is, cars that drive themselves---within the next several years.

Self-driving cars are expected to be much safer than human-driven ones. But even if the first robot cars     2     the roads in the next few years, most of us probably won't give up driving entirely for at least another 15 or 20 years. In the meantime,     3     cars will gradually take over certain aspects of driving.

Companies have been adding     4     features to cars since the 1990s---things like adaptive cruise control, which uses sensors to adjust a car's speed based on the traffic in front of it, and automated parallel parking. Some cars automatically stop—or at least slow down—if a driver doesn't step on the brake in time to avoid a crash. In a certain model developed in 2017, the driver will be able to change     5     simply by hitting the turn signal for two seconds (the car will take care of the rest). Within a few years, cars may be able to determine when an accident is likely and make     6    to the cabin---moving seats, closing windows , retracting the steering wheel.

Even better than preparing for a crash, of course, is     7    one. Some vehicles     8     warnings when they detect, through cameras and sensors, that a driver is getting sleepy. Future cars might take over for     9     drivers---or automatically pull to the side of the road and shut down. Biometrics(生物识别技术）could aid this process. If a car has sensors that can measure a driver's breath and heart rate, it could     10     into self-driving mode when a driver has a heart attack.