1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. identify             B. modified        C. overcoming       D. performance E. revolutionary       F. suspicious       G. freely               H. autonomously I. injured               J. rescuing            K. locate

When Trevor Rogers told climber Mark Inglis he was building a helicopter that could rescue people from Mt. Qomolangma, the New Zealand climber was     1    . “The first thing I said was, ‘Yeah, right!’ I’ve got a real interest in helicopters, and I know a lot about their       2    .”

As the first double amputee（双侧截肢者）to climb the mountain, Inglis also knows a lot about     3     improbable difficulties. Even so, what Rogers proposed seemed like a science fiction. Most helicopters are not designed to operate above a ceiling of 4,300 metres and those that do have to be       4    .

The highest rescue achieved on Mt. Qomolangma was at Camp 1 in 1996, when a Nepalese pilot took his French-built Ecureuil to 6,100 metres,     5     two climbers with severe frostbite(冻伤).

But after six years of research, Rogers told Inglis, his team had developed an unpiloted full-size helicopter called the Alpine Wasp, capable of flying     6     at altitudes up to and even beyond 9,000 m, and a full 3,000 m higher than anything achieved before to carry two sick or     7     climbers to safety.

Built from lightweight composite materials, the Alpine Wasp has a（n）    8     engine designed to function in the thin air of high altitude. “We are going to challenge the science of aviation at extreme altitude and conquer new frontiers on Mt. Qomolangma and in Nepal,” Rogers says.

TGR have created the Mt. Qomolangma Rescue Trust to take over running of the helicopter, and there are plans for a frostbite treatment centre. What is less certain is how the helicopter’s on-board computer systems will       9     stricken climbers.

The Wasp, Rogers says, will use virtual reality systems at its base in Namche Bazaar and can even fly in fog close to the mountain to perform rescues. Climbers will be fitted with a tracking device in order to    10     them, and once they are found the helicopter will lower a cable for hoisting.

2 . 从括号内选择正确的形式完成句子。
1. Decorating the greeting cards with beautiful flowers ________ (is/are) unique.
2. Tea, a popular drink in China, ________ (is/are) carefully prepared according to the local customs.
3. Tom is one of the boys who ________ (is/are) always ready to help others.
4. Cycling along with jogging and swimming ________ (are/is) regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
5. The little girl opened the box carefully and let out an exciting cry. Inside it ________ (was/were) two cute puppies.
6. Every possible means ________ (have/has) been used to prevent the virus spreading, but in vain.
7. All we need ________ (is/are) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of vegetables.
8. According to WHO, listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes ________ (cause/causes) hearing problems.

3 . 从括号内选择正确的形式完成句子。
1. I didn’t mean ________ anything, but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help ________ it. (eating/to eat)
2. Any country can’t escape ________ (punishing/being punished) if it attempts to destroy the interest of other countries.
3. I regret ________ (informing/to inform) you that you failed to pass the exam. Perhaps you will regret ________ (to waste / having wasted) a lot of time.
4. The bird attempted ________ (to escape/escaping) from the cage, but failed for many times.
5. I always prefer ________ (starting/to start) early rather than leave everything to the last minute.
6. Many people avoid ________ (being looked /looking) at the past, because they don’t want to be troubled by it.
7. He needs ________ (to get/getting) some money to take care of his dog because it needs ________ (looking/to look) after well.
8. She just can’t imagine ________ (to do/doing) anything else that would bring her such joy and satisfaction.

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. profound               B. carve               C. employed             D. acquired E. recited                  F. poet                 G. compose               H. national I. critic                      J. experiments       K. achievements

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco and spent his early childhood in the Far West. At the death of his father, when Frost was eleven, the family moved to Salem, New Hampshire. After graduating from high school as a class     1    in 1892, Frost entered Dartmouth College but soon left to work at odd jobs. In 1897 he tried college again—Harvard University —but he left at the end of two years, having     2    an enduring dislike for academics.

For the next twelve years Frost supported himself by teaching and farming while continuing to     3    his poems. In 1911 he decided to     4    out a place for him in literary circle. Leaving New Hampshire, he sailed for England and soon found a publisher in London, where his first book, A Boy’s Will (1913) brought him to the attention of influential literary giants, among whom the American       5    Ezra Pound praised Frost as a     6    poet.

Following the publication of the second volume of his poems, North of Boston (1914), Frost returned home, determined to win recognition in his native land. He worked hard and made great     7    . His fame grew with the appearance of a succession of books throughout the United States.

Frost had rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead “the old-fashioned way to be new”. He     8     the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.

By the end of his life, he had become a     9    poet, who was honored with degrees from forty-four colleges and universities and won four Pulitzer Prizes. The United States Senate passed resolutions honoring his birthdays, and when he was eighty-seven, he     10     his poetry at the inauguration of the former President John F. Kennedy.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. charity               B. conserving               C. disturb               D. launched             E. march F. primary             G. purchased          H. raise                 I. threatening            J. voluntary   K. wildlife

The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the protection of the British countryside. Although it has received support from the government, it is not a rich governmental department. It is a     1    association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a     2    which depends on voluntary support from the public. Its     3    duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.

The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers     4    the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust. The Trust thus attracted wide publicity and     5    its "Country House Scheme", which has been able to save about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about two million people     6    tickets to visit these historic houses.

In addition to country houses and open spaces, the Trust now owns some complete villages, where no one is allowed to build, develop or     7    the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. These areas are accessible to the public for free to     8    their awareness to respect the peace, beauty and     9    

Over the past eighty years, the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential part of Britain,     10    all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance for future generations of Britons.

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. perceived          B. tension          C. communicating       D. programmed       E. positively       F. interactions G. assigned            H. differed          I. constantly             J. reducing             K. affected

Empathy Machine

Robots are more prevalent in daily life than ever before. Digital assistants control smartphone apps, while physical bots teach students in schools and deliver food. Scientists have long been studying human-robot     1     to learn how these machines can influence individuals’ behaviour, such as altering how well someone completes a task or responds to a robotic request. But new research shows the way humans relate to other humans is also     2     by the presence and actions of robots.

“While other work has focused on how to more easily integrate robots into teams, we focused instead on how robots might     3     shape the way that people react to each other,” says Sarah Sebo, a graduate student at Yale University. To measure these changes in reactions, researchers     4     participants to teams of four — consisting of three people and one small humanoid robot(仿真机器人) — and had them play a collaborative game on Android tablets. In some groups, the robots were     5     to act “vulnerable”. These machines performed actions such as apologizing for making mistakes, admitting to self-doubt and talking about how they were “feeling”. In the control groups, the human participants teamed up with robots that made only neutral statements or remained entirely silent.

The researchers monitored how group members’ communication     6     depending on which type of robot was on each team. They found that people working with robots that showed vulnerability spent more time     7     with their fellow humans than did those in the control groups. Subjects with vulnerable robots also divided their conversation more equally between each human member of the team. These participants later reported that they     8     their experience as more positive, compared with those in the control groups. The robot’s vulnerable utterances helped the group to feel more comfortable in a task that was designed to have a high level of     9     .

Malte Jung, an assistant professor in information science at Cornell and a co-author of the study, says communicative robots could fundamentally change human behaviour for the better. Instead of merely     10     the amount of work employees do, these machines could make people more efficient, subtly influencing social dynamics to “help teams perform at their best”.

7 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. prevent            B. colour             C. threatened       D. discrimination       E. demand       F. nonviolent G. armed             H. equally            I. rapidly             J. race                    K. detailed

The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom

In the spring of 1941, hundreds of thousands of whites were employed in industries mobilizing for the possible entry of the United States into World War II. Black labour leader A. Philip Randolph     1     a mass march on Washington unless blacks were hired     2     for those jobs, stating: “It is time to wake up Washington as it has never been shocked before.” To     3     the march, which many feared would result in     4     riots and international embarrassment, President Franklin Roosevelt issued an executive order that banned     5     in defence industries. His Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941, established the Committee on Fair Employment Practices(known as FEPC) to receive and investigate discrimination complaints and take appropriate steps to redress valid grievances.

The fight against fascism during World War II brought to the forefront the contradictions between America’s ideals of democracy and equality and its treatment of racial minorities. Throughout the war, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP) and other civil rights organizations worked to end discrimination in the     6     forces. During this time African Americans became more assertive in their     7     for equality in civilian life as well. The Congress of Racial Equality(CORE), an interracial organization founded to seek change through     8     means, conducted the first sit-ins to challenge the South’s Jim Crow laws.

After the war, and with the onset of the Cold War, segregation and inequality within the US were brought into sharp focus on the world stage, prompting federal and judicial action. President Harry Truman appointed a special committee to investigate racial conditions that     9     a civil rights agenda in its report, To Secure These Rights. Truman later issued an executive order that abolished racial discrimination in the military.

The NAACP won important Supreme Court victories and mobilized a mass lobby of organizations to press Congress to pass civil rights legislation. African Americans achieved notable firsts — Jackie Robinson broke the     10     barrier in major league baseball and civil rights activists Bayard Rustin and George Houser led black and white riders on a “Journey of Reconciliation” to challenge racial segregation on interstate buses.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. individuals        B. affected        C. discouraging       D. occupation       E. strive       F. obstacles     G. figure             H. legendary       I. conquer               J. biased             K. character

Growing up, we often get asked the question: “What do you want to be in the future?” Our answers usually start off as: “police officer, scientist, astronaut. . . ” As we get a bit older, it becomes “doctor, lawyer, engineer, the next Steve Jobs . . . ” While these are great goals to     1     towards, we must remember that a(n)     2     does not define who we are. What is arguably more important than wealth is one’s strength of     3     .

We always admire the most successful Internet entrepreneurs of the 21st century, the     4     who took an idea and built it into an empire. However, few of us really look at the price they paid to get there. Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook, one of the youngest and richest tech billionaires in the world, pushed out one of his best friends and co-founders(with good reason) in order to receive funding for Facebook. Steve Jobs, another beloved     5     in the technology industry, refused to recognize his young daughter until she was nine years old, and even after Jobs later reconciled(和解) with her, the two had a shaky(不稳固的) relationship to the end of his days. We cannot say how much these decisions     6     their respective paths towards success, but they do represent many of the difficult choices that may lay ahead.

On May 4, Chinese video site Bilibili released a video containing 955 different statements made by middle school students from across China. The students stated the types of person they did not wish to become when they grew up. “I don’t want to be an unfaithful person. I don’t want to be a     7     person. I don’t want to be a person who gives up halfway . . . ” A large part of me wishes that all of these hopeful statements would come true, but as many great success stories have shown us, life’s     8     will change the way we think and act from the time we are students to whoever it is we later become as adults. These statements indicate a very idealistic, but naive(天真的) way of looking at the process of growing up.

I do not mean to suggest that I am     9     anyone from thinking along the lines of the above student statements, as they ultimately provide a great starting point for how we would hope every person would think and act. However, I would encourage a different way of thinking. As the     10     author Maya Angelou once said: “Do the best you can until you know better. Then when you know better, do better. ” Life does not stand still while you run along its course, so you must learn as you go.

9 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. desire        B. encourage       C. daydreaming       D. takes            E. stage            F. grade G. creative       H. exploring       I. lifelong               J. transform       K. shapes

Creativity in Children

With luck, immersion and daydreaming lead to illumination, when all of a sudden the answer comes to you as if from nowhere. This is the popular    1     —the one that usually gets all the glory and attention, the moment that people sweat and long for, the feeling “This is it! ” But the thought alone is still not a     2     act. The final stage is translation, when you take your insight and    3     it into action; it becomes useful to you and others.

“You have to have a coyote inside of you, and you have to get it out.” —Chuck Jones, the animator who created Wile E. Coyote, on how to draw one.

Creativity    4     root in childhood. For the child, life is a creative adventure. The most basic explorations of a child’s world are creative exercises in problem-solving They begin a     5     process of inventing themselves. In this sense, every child reinvents language, walking, love.

“The kernel of creativity,” says psychologist Teresa Amabile, “is there in the infant: the     6     and drive to explore, to find out about things, to try things out, to experiment with different ways of handling things and looking at things. As they grow older, children begin to create entire universes of reality in their play”

Our experience of creativity in childhood     7     much of what we do in adulthood, from work to family life. But if creativity is a child’s natural state, what happens on the way to adulthood? The psychological pressures that inhibit a child’s creativity occur early in life. Parents can     8     or suppress the creativity of their children in the home environment and by what they demand of schools. Most children in preschool, kindergarten —even in the first grade —love being in school. They are excited about     9     and learning. But by the time they are in the third or fourth    10     , many don’t like school, let alone have any sense of pleasure in their own creativity.

10 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. recorded            B. roughly            C. especially            D. narrow            E. advocate F. transformation       G. challenge       H. emitting               I. changing          J. address          K. strive

“Climate change is moving faster than we are,” UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said back in 2018 in his     1     to the UN General Assembly — a statement that in hindsight now rings     2     true.

The essential goal of the Paris agreement of 2015 has been to limit the rise in average global temperatures to no more than 2℃ above pre-industrial levels — a time period centered     3     on the mid-19th century. The aspirational or wished — for objective of the agreement is to     4     for a rise in temperatures that doesn’t exceed 1.5℃.

But with carbon dioxide levels in the global atmosphere topping 420 parts per million — the highest level in     5     history — the 1.5℃ target appears to many experts to be out of reach. A United Nations report in 2018 concluded as much, saying back then that average global temperatures will likely reach 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels sometime between 2030 and 2052 if emissions continue rising as they have been.

With a 1.5℃ rise, about 4% of Earth’s terrestrial land area is projected to undergo a     6     of ecosystems from one type to another. With a 2℃ global temperature rise, about 13% is projected to undergo a shift. Across the American West, ecosystems stressed by diminished snow-melt, drought, insect infestations, and wildfire are     7     forests from the Rockies to the Sierra Nevada. Ten percent of iconic Giant Sequoia trees died in wildfires in the Sierra Nevada in 2020.

According to the UN’s 1.5℃ report, the world’s countries     8     the largest amounts of carbon dioxide have to turn things around soon: to limit warming to 1.5℃, global net greenhouse gas emissions from human activity must decline by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030, and reach net zero by 2050. To limit warming to 2℃, emissions must decline by about 25% by 2030 and reach net zero by about 2070.

Despite the great     9     ahead, IEA chief Fatih Birol remarked recently that clean energy investments can still “shift the world on to a pathway to net-zero emissions by 2050”.

The path “is     10     but still achievable”, he said, “if we act now.”