2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. disorder              B. influencing              C. escalates               D. reset                    E. satisfaction F. fruitless              G. refreshed              H. coincidence              I. functions              J. powerful K. recommended

The best thing you can do for your health: sleep well

Do you think you got enough sleep this past week? Can you remember the last time you woke up without an alarm clock, feeling     1    , not needing caffeine? If the answer to any of these questions is “no,” you are not alone. Two-thirds of adults throughout all developed nations fail to obtain the     2     eight hours of nightly sleep.

Insufficient sleep is now one of the most significant lifestyle factors     3     whether or not you will develop Alzheimer’s disease. During sleep, a remarkable sewage system in the brain, called the glymphatic system,     4     at its peak. As you enter deep sleep, this sanitization system clears the brain of a sticky, poisonous protein linked to Alzheimer’s, known as beta amyloid(淀粉样蛋白). Without sufficient sleep, you fail to get that power clean. With each passing night of insufficient sleep, that Alzheimer’s disease risk     5    , like compounding interest on a loan.

Perhaps you have also noticed a desire to eat more when you’re tired? This is no     6    . Too little sleep swells concentrations of a hormone that makes you feel hungry while checking a companion hormone that otherwise signals food     7    . Full as you are, you will still want to eat more. It’s a recipe linked to weight gain in sleep-deficient adults and children alike.

Worse, should you try to diet but don’t get enough sleep while doing so, it is     8    , since up to 70% of the weight you lose will come from lean body mass, not fat. Turn these facts around and you realize that plentiful sleep is a     9     tool for controlling your appetite, your weight and keeping your body in shape.

Put simply: sleep – a consistent seven- to nine-hour opportunity each night – is the single most effective thing we can do to     10     our brain and body health each day, and the reason why I strongly suggest and respect sleep scientifically and personally.

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. double          B. intense          C. pressures       D. stock          E. agriculture       F. trapped G. withdrawal     H. availability   I. drive             J. expanding     K. rising

Throughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more     1     will these conflicts be when people fight over the Earth’s most indispensable resource water? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the     2     of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct.

Less than three percent of the planet’s     3     is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is     4     in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers too deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that     5     tension and conflict over freshwater. Using up the water “resource pie”. In India, the world’s second-most populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater     6     is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher than in any other country. Although water is a renewable resource, it is not a(n)     7     one. The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287 million.)

Global     8     accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the world’s most water-stressed, controversial areas the Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nileland and Tigris-Euphrates population increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than     9     over the next generation. Most experts agree that, because of geography, population     10     and politics, water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.

4 . 选词填空

speed up；at a loss；take up；take the place of；lay off；break down；consist；live up to；lose sight or；make out；by all means；come to light

1. We mustn't ____________ the significance of environmental protection while advancing economy. This is the key to sustainable development.
2. He did not want to ____________ a competitive sport like mountaineering.
3. The mystery of the murder was finally solved after new evidence ____________.
4. Construction of the teaching building ____________ by far, because it must be completed by the end of this year as scheduled.
5. In the current economic crisis, a large number of workers in the factories nationwide ____________ to reduce the costs.
6. The rescue team ____________ soldiers, doctors and the local policemen arrived at the quake-stricken area as fast as they could, racing against the clock to save each living soul.
7. No matter what difficulties we meet on our way, we need to accomplish our goals ____________.
8. Negotiations ____________. I’m now starting to worry that we’ll never reach an agreement for a new contract.
9. With over 150 different recipes from more than 100 varieties of pasta, Carmen is never ____________ for something to cook.
10. He tried extremely hard to ____________ his parents' expectations.

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. supervising        B. serious        C. hit        D. illustrate        E. transformed F. practiced        G. contrasted        H. landscape        I. comparing        J. critical K. starts

If Stan Lee revolutionized the comic book world in the 1960s, which he did, he left as big a stamp on the even wider pop culture     1     of today.

Mr. Lee was a central player in the creation of all properties of Marvel Comics. Indeed, he was for many the father of Marvel,     2     the company^ emergence as an international media giant. A writer, editor, publisher, Hollywood executive and tireless promoter of Marvel, he played a     3     role in what comics fans call the medium’s silver age.

Stan Lee was born on Dec. 28, 1922, in Manhattan, the older of two sons born to Jack Lieber, and Celia Lieber, both immigrants from Romania. When graduated at 17 from high school, he aspired to be a writer of     4     literature. He was set on the path to becoming a different kind of writer. However, after a few false     5     at other jobs, he was hired at Timely Publications and the comics field.

In 1961, Mr. Lee and Mr. Kirby produced the first issue of The Fantastic Four, about a super-powered team with humanizing dimensions, which was a     6    .

Mr. Lee     7     what he called the Marvel method: Instead of handing artists’ scripts to     8    , he summarized stories and let the artists draw them and fill in a plot details as they chose. He then added sound effects and dialogues.

Under Mr. Lee, Marvel     9     the comic book world by filling its characters with the self-doubts, as well an awareness of trends and a sense of humor. In humanizing his heroes, giving them character flaws that     10     with their supernatural strengths,Mr. Lee tried “to make them real flesh-and-blood characters with personality.”