1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. structured       B. treasures       C. revolution             D. accessible       E. professions       F. responsive G. promises       H. formalized       I. popularized             J. declared       K. creation

How the Victorians Invented the “ Staycation ”

Holidays feel like an important refreshment after such a tough year. While international travel is possible, it’s not exactly easy, so many are choosing to stay closer to home, taking a “staycation ”. This year holidaymakers are discovering the     1     of the UK’s coast and the beauty of its landscapes.

Domestic tourism as we know it began in the 19th century when the idea of the holiday was just becoming     2     . Expanding railways and changing work practices meant people had more leisure time for travelling. International travel was becoming easier but wasn’t     3     to all, so the Victorians chose to spend this newfound “ free ” time in the UK.

This gave way to the     4     of hot new holiday destinations, mostly on the UK’s coast. Great British seaside towns, from Bournemouth to Brighton, appealed to people with     5     of fun, sea and clean air — many of the things that continue to attract people today.

The great summer holiday as we know it was designed by the Victorians. The 19th century saw the industrial     6     and the rise of industrial capitalism, where factories were booming and work structures were more clearly and severely defined and presented. This led to the emergence of administrative     7     , like clerks, and an emerging middle class.

There was more     8     working time, including shift work in factories and time off on Sundays. As a result, working-class people had leisure time to use, and by the 1890s some skilled workers had half days on Saturdays, leading to the birth of the “ weekend ” — though this was not     9     until much later in the 20th century.

In 1871 the Bank Holidays Act was passed. This appointed certain days as holidays on which banks closed, though, over the years, more businesses began observing these days off work. Before 1830, banks closed only on the 40 saints’ days of the year, though by 1834 this was just four days, including Christmas day. From 1871, any day could be     10     a bank holiday, not just saints’ days.

2 . 选词（组）填空

blame, occur, die out, wipe out, affect, depend on, take action

1. The whole village was ________ by the earthquake.
2. Something unexpected ________.
3. The driver was ________ for the accident.
4. This species has nearly ________ because its habitat is being destroyed.
5. We might need more food ________ how many people turn up.
6. Your opinion will not ________ my decision.
7. Fire fighters ________ immediately to stop the fire spreading.

3 . 根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。

injury/harm/wound/hurt

1. If penicillin (青霉素) had not been available, many people would have died from sickness or even small________ in World War Ⅱ.
2. A lack of oxygen resulted in a severe brain ________, leaving her unable to speak or walk.
3. Although alcohol is legal, it can do great________ to liver once consumed in large quantities.
4. When someone has deeply________ your feelings, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger.