1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

A. professional       B. exclude        C. consider        D. restlessness        E. incredible          F. composition   G. relatively          H. assumption     I. distraction       J. hindered       K. literally

Do you ever draw? Most of us don’t, and the reason we usually leave drawing to the artists is because we’re not very good at it. Who wants to do something they’re bad at? But maybe we should rethink this     1    , especially since drawing has so many benefits, whether you are an artist or not.

We should     2     this idea: What if drawing was just a low-stakes thing we did because we enjoyed it and it helped us see the world better?

“We have missed the significance of drawing because we see it as a     3     skill instead of a personal capacity,” writes design historian D. B. Dowd in his book, “Stick Figures: Drawing as a Human Practice.” “This essential confusion has     4     our understanding of drawing and kept it from being seen as a tool for learning above all else.”

Here’s an example: You might enjoy eating at a restaurant that boasts an     5     chef, and you may also enjoy a great pasta dish you make at home. One doesn’t     6     the other; you can appreciate a meticulously assembled meal as much as a homemade one-they’re just different. The same is true for drawing.

Sitting (or standing!) with a pad and pencil, drawing something you see or imagine requires focus and a     7     quiet mind, something many of us are looking to cultivate. The first few minutes into the     8     might be a bit frustrating and distracting, but keep going. I’ve found that once I settle into it, I get better at the actual drawing part, and it’s more enjoyable. But especially if you aren’t used to drawing, you might be itching to run away and do something-anything-else at the start. To deal with your     9    , give yourself a time limit. Set a timer for 20 minutes; that should give you enough time to put in a genuine effort and get to the point where your mind will quiet down. You can always keep going if you want, but that timer will at the very least allow you to take your mind off outside     10    .

5 . 选词填空:   possible / likely / probable
1. It is highly________________that he will take over his father 's business.
2. Optimistic people are more_____________ to succeed in life.
3. It is _______________for you to grow this flower even in winter.
4. Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very______________ to be a Beethoven.

6 . 用that is（to say）, such as, for example填空
1. I borrowed 100 yuan from him yesterday.________________, I owed 100 yuan to him.
2. We are required to learn quite a few subjects,_________________maths, Chinese, English and physics.
3. What would you do if you met a wild animal, a tiger,___________________?

7 . 用 all in all, after all, above all, in all填空
1. ________，it was a surprisingly delightful weekend spent between a river and a hawthorn tree.
2. I'm very lucky to have a comfortable life, where there's always food on the table. heat in the winter, and，________ ， love in the house.
3. On February 14, images of red hearts are everywhere. ________ many cultures view a big, beautiful, red heart as the traditional sign of love.
4. It is reported that more than 10. 000 runners ________ took part in the race.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed

Some Very "American" Words Come from Chinese

Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese(粤语)or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them.

kowtow

The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems     1    . It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means " knock your head ”. It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to     2     —such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to “kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to     3     a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his     4    to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.

It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.

gung-ho

Another borrowed word that came about through     5     between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters " gong" and " he" together mean " work together, cooperate. " The original term—gongyehezudshe—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "... all the soldiers     6    themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. " He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had     7    . In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II.The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Coips. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoon

In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and     8     storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called " touffons" or "tufans".   The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and boiTowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means great wind. ‘‘ The word's     9     to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but     10    to make it appear more Greek.

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus   F. modified G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively K. significant

Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊 的)，but closer objects can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-     1    perception.

Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically     2    . But its prevalence (流行)has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80—90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20——30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to     3     change. In 2005, we     4     reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. ( This was not a particularly novel insight； such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604. ) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.

Fortunately, not all high-       5            locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.

A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can't be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual     6    and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.

Australia has     7    low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not     8     time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a (n)     9     from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to     10     myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects on progression suggest that it may.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. scale	B. unique	C. cost	D. distance	E. demonstrate	F. intrude
G. diagnoses	H. alarming	I. threaten	J. false	K. crucial

The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is     1     to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary yawn or a(n)     2     smile. People spend much of their waking lives reading faces. Technology is rapidly catching up. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance. In 2017, Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game.

Although faces are     3     to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight,     4     on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast     5     promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.

Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biological data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a(n)     6    . Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use. Photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI to track criminals, but at enormous potential     7     to citizens’ privacy.

The face is not just a name-tag. It displays a lot of other information — and machines can read that, too. Again, that promises benefits. Some firms are analyzing faces to provide automated     8     of rare genetic disorders far earlier than would otherwise be possible. But the technology also threatens. Researchers at Stanford University     9     that, when shown pictures of one gay man, and one straight man, the system could identify their sexuality correctly 81% of the time. Humans managed only 61%. In countries where homosexuality is a crime, software which promises to infer sexuality from a face is a(n)     10     prospect.