1 . Young people spending hours staring at screens means half the world may need glasses within 30 years.
Phone devices and computer screens are to blame for the rising risk of short-sightedness among children and young adults, say scientists. Researchers have found high levels of looking at a phone or tablet is linked with around a 30 percent higher risk of shortsightedness, also known as myopia (近视). But when it is combined with excessive computer use, that risk rose to around 80 percent. Researchers fear that this could mean that by 2050, half the world or five billion people could be short-sighted.
The authors examined more than 3, 000 studies investigating smart device exposure and myopia in children and young adults aged between three months old and 33 years old.
In 2019, the WHO recommended children under two should not have any screen time and children aged two to five should have no more than one hour a day of sedentary screen time.
But in the same year, a CensusWide survey of 2, 000 British families found children were spending an average of 23 hours a week staring at screens. Numerous studies have also suggested that number has vastly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Professor Bourne at Anglia Ruskin University said, “Around half the global population is expected to have myopia by 2050, so it is a health concern that is escalating quickly.”
“Our study is the most comprehensive yet on this issue and shows a potential link between screen time and myopia in young people. This research comes at a time when our children have been spending more time than ever looking at screens for long periods, due to school closures, and it is clear that urgent research is needed to further understand how exposure to digital devices can affect our eyes and vision,” added he.
1. What are the reasons for myopia in half of the population in the future?| A．Due to school closures. | B．Overburdened with schoolwork. |
| C．Lack of exercise and self-control. | D．The popularization of electronic equipment. |
| A．Worsening. | B．Spreading. |
| C．Changing. | D．Researching. |
| A．To stress the future prospects of this study. |
| B．To reveal the contents and methods of the study. |
| C．To highlight the practical significance of this study. |
| D．To explain the relationship between screen time and vision. |
| A．Health. | B．Book review. |
| C．Travel. | D．Sports. |
1. What were the researchers trying to learn about in the Flower Gardens?
| A．The fish and other creatures. |
| B．The depth of the ocean. |
| C．The use of an underwater equipment. |
| A．Collecting information. | B．Diving into the water. | C．Working with a scientist. |
| A．Because there were too many colorful fish. |
| B．Because he left the team. |
| C．Because he was far from land. |
| A．A scientist. | B．A computer operator. | C．A professional researcher. |
3 . Chamonix, France 1924
The Games were first known as the “International Winter Sports Week”. It wasn’t until 1925 that they were officially named the Olympic Winter Games. Two days before the Closing Ceremony, the International Olympic Committee (CIOC) was approved as the official organizing committee.
St. Moritz, Swiss 1928 & 1948
Unseasonable warm weather created disorder with the events at the Swiss Alpine resort, while Norway continued to lead. Sonja Henie, just 15, combined grace with athletic ability to win the first of three Olympic gold medals in women’s figure skating. Japan sent its first delegation(代表团)—six skiers and one official.
The Swiss resort(度假胜地)hosted for the second time, the 5th Winter Games, favored as a neutral venue following World War! Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate, while single-person sled(雪橇)racing was held for the first time since the previous St. Moritz Games.
Grenoble, France 1968
The “snowy Games” attracted only about 70, 000 spectators on the ground because 500 million viewers chose to watch them on television. Women were forced to take gender(性别)tests for the first time in the Olympics.
Sapporo, Japan 1972
At the first Winter Olympics held in Asia, an argument over amateur status came to the boil when the IOC banned Austrian ski star Karl Schranz from the Games because he had been paid for appearing in a ski maker’s advertisement. American figure skater Janet Lynn settled for women’s bronze but won the hearts of the local audience while hotel manager Francisco Fernandez Ochoa staged a surprise victory in the men’s slalom(回转赛)for Spain’s first gold medallist in the 11th Winter Olympics.
1. Which delegation did the best in the first two Winter Olympics?| A．France. | B．Norway. | C．Spain. | D．Switzerland. |
| A．Due to the influence of war. |
| B．For unseasonable warm weather. |
| C．Because of the popularity of television. |
| D．Because women were not allowed to compete. |
| A．In 1924. | B．In 1928. | C．In 1968. | D．In 1972. |
1. Which country was Taylor’s latest book set in?
| A．Egypt. | B．Morocco. | C．South Africa. |
| A．His car broke down in the desert. |
| B．He got lost in the desert. |
| C．He didn’t bring water in the desert. |
| A．He writes novels. |
| B．He relaxes at home. |
| C．He takes part in various social activities. |
| A．Keep creating novels. |
| B．Devote himself to a history book. |
| C．Make a tour round the world. |
1. What does the woman do with her old clothes?
| A．She donates them. |
| B．She puts them in the recycling. |
| C．She makes them into something else. |
| A．He really likes new clothes. |
| B．He usually donates clothes to the needy. |
| C．He has no interest in tables and beds. |
| A．Reasonable. | B．Wasteful. | C．Necessary. |
1. Why is Alice so anxious?
| A．Her poor health. | B．The surgery she needs. | C．Her father’s health problem. |
| A．To pay attention to adjusting diet. | B．To give up drinking. | C．To control blood pressure. |
Aircraft designer Gu Songfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhong
They received the prize for their outstanding contributions to
Born in 1930, Gu is a renowned aircraft designer, founder of aircraft aerodynamic (空气动力) design and an aviation strategy scientist. From 1961 to 1986, he served
He established the
Born in 1935, Wang is a
In gift shops, it is likely that many tourists would pass by what may be a symbol of Portugal: swallows made of glass. In Portugal, people gift the birds for weddings, anniversaries, housewarmings and going-away gatherings.
Farewells were on my mind when I met Apolinario in February 2020. At the time I was well aware of my oldest child’s upcoming graduation and departure for university in a city far from home.
Ethan, my oldest child, has been away from me before. There have been camps and school trips, but each time I have rested easy in the knowledge that he would come home. He always comes home.
But this time I feel less certain.
The feeling was at its peak when I entered Apolinario’s gift shop that specialized in Portuguese souvenirs. I was aimlessly walking among the shelves when I noticed the abundance of glass swallows.
“The swallow is connected to a lot of things that are dear to us,’’ explained Apolinario who stood behind me. The birds’ qualities —they mate for life and raise their babies together—make it a nostalgic (怀旧的) symbol. “They don’t leave the nest until all of the babies do and they always return.”
Apolinario also told me that the swallow also marked an important time in the country’s history when the Portuguese sailed around the world. A lot of people missed their homeland and wanted to come back. The swallow represented that there was a nest somewhere in Portugal, although people were living all over the world.
“The concept is best described as the feeling of connection you get when you taste your grandmother’s cooking or a familiar smell that takes you back to your childhood. The swallow is thought to be the embodiment (体现) of that feeling. When you have one in or on your home, it carries those good memories with it,” he added. “When you’re giving this as a gift, you’re basically giving a part of yourself that stays there. You’re creating a connection.”
注意：1.写作词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When Apolinario told me about the bird, I knew I needed one.
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This past September, my husband and I accompanied our son to his university.
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Wang Yaping and her fellow astronaut Zhai Zhigang
The three
The Tianhe module (核心舱) of the station will be connected next year to two more sections named Mengtian and Wentian. Three spacewalks are planned to make preparations for the station’s expansion, while the crew will also assess living conditions in the Tianhe module and conduct
Wang Yaping,
10 . World leaders and climate negotiators will gather at the climate meeting in Glasgow, Scotland for two weeks starting on October 31. Their goal is to be carbon neutral (碳中和) by 2050, which means if a country is still emitting (排放) greenhouse gases, they are being absorbed by forests or other means to keep them from entering the atmosphere. But negotiations are expected to be tough. Here are the reasons why.
Developing countries argue that although they hold the top spot for highest emissions currently, but history matters. Once emitted, carbon dioxide can last in the atmosphere for hundreds of years, trapping heat that raises global temperatures. That means emissions from burning fossil (化石) fuels over the past 150 years are responsible for the current global warming. Over that period, developing countries contributed just a small percentage of the emissions. But they’re suffering more from extreme climate change events like rising seas, heavy rain, wildfires, hurricanes, plant and animal extinction.
Another dark reality is that developing nations will not be able to adapt to all the climate-caused disasters without help. For example, sea level rise already threatens to overtake some island nations entirely. Such loss and damage, developing countries say, is not their fault. So they need financial support to help them adjust.
To help them switch from fossil fuels to greener energies and adapt to the effects of climate change, the developed world has promised to provide $ 100 billion every year. The amount is identified as a floor, not a ceiling. So that financial aid will keep going up over time. But only a few rich countries, including France, Japan, Norway, Germany and Sweden, provided a fair share. The United States, Australia and Canada fell far short. A new solution proposed this week is for the payments to average $ 100 billion per year from 2021 to 2025, with the shortfall in earlier years made up for by higher payments later on.
Developing countries also insist that half of the money go to projects aimed at helping them adapt to climate change. At the moment, most of the funding goes toward reducing emissions.
1. What does carbon neutral most probably mean?| A．Net zero greenhouse gas emission. |
| B．No greenhouse gases to be produced. |
| C．Greenhouse gases absorbed by forests. |
| D．Zero greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. |
| A．All rich countries have paid their share on time. |
| B．$ 100 billion is payment for island nations’ losses. |
| C．It is promised that it will keep increasing over time. |
| D．Most of it will be used on climate-adapting projects. |
| A．Developed countries ignore their historical responsibilities. |
| B．Developed countries refused to help developing countries. |
| C．Developed and developing countries have very different interests. |
| D．Developed and developing countries disagree on all the climate goals. |
| A．Different Climate Challenges Faced by Developed and Developing Nations |
| B．Global Cooperation Needed Between Developed and Developing Countries |
| C．Developed Nations’ Failure to Keep Their Promises on Emission Reduction |
| D．Tensions Between the Developed and Developing Worlds Over Climate Change |
