1 . 如今许多工厂缺乏有专业技能的工人，这就是为什么他们的工资高于许多大学毕业生。(lack v.)(汉译英)

2 . 花盆落到楼下的地面上摔得粉碎，差一点砸中一些正在玩耍的孩子。(narrowly)(汉译英)

3 . 意识到理财的重要性，她不再花钱如流水，然后开始平衡收支了。(realize 分词)(汉译英)

4 . 朝南的墙上挂着一幅上海地图。(倒装)(汉译英)

5 . 据估计，装修这套公寓要持续两个月的时间。(estimate v.)(汉译英)

6 . 语法填空

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, more commonly     1     (know) as ‘Mahatma’ (meaning ‘Great Soul’) was born in Porbandar, Gujarat, in North West India, on 2nd October 1869, into a Hindu Modh family. His mother, Putlibai, hadn’t received much education but she knew a lot about social affairs and matters of court, and could participate     2     (intelligent) in the talks that took place among the ladies of the royal court.

She used to visit a temple regularly. Gandhi used to accompany her to the temple.     3    , he admitted he was not attracted by the pomp there. But     4     left a lasting mark on his mind was the genuine piety of his mother and her determination to adhere to even the hardest vows     5     the pursuit of her beliefs. To cite an instance, in the rainy seasons, she would vow not to take her meals     6     she saw the sun, and would often have to go without food by the time her children who spotted the sun shouted to her, and she came out to see the sun     7    .

Both Gandhi and his mother were deeply religious although they were not scholars. Many religious visited their house and     8     (engage) in religious discussions. These discussions and     9     atmosphere of the piety in the house must have sown the seeds of faith and tolerance in the mind of young Gandhi. In     10     (late) years, they became the foundation of Gandhi’s firm belief that all religions deserve equal respect.

7 . The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind: we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. Some people regard a borrowed book as a ________ in the house. It must be treated with care and considerate ________. Casual attitudes are forbidden. Because the book is borrowed it tolerates no damage which means it must not suffer while ________. While reading the book, you are not allowed to make any mark or underline the important ________ when a flash of creative idea emerge. This is huge ________ to one’s imagination.

________, your own books belong to you and you can treat them with so much closeness that you are not afraid to mark it up or to place it in a dirty place. Your own books are there for use, not for ________. You don’t need to display them in front of others. Private ownership also encourages ________ marking. A good reason for marking instructive passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to ________ them quickly and then review them more frequently in the future.

Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library, making up his own ________ property. One should have his own bookshelves, which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys. They should be free and ________ to the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery to a woman, the best moral _________ to a man is books. They are more varied in colour and appearance than any wall-paper. Their variety indicates ________ out of brains of different book writers. The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating. Your body and mind are both _________. With books at hand, your mind is free to land any _________ or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.

1.

A．teacher

B．guest

C．relative

D．servant

2.

A．maintenance

B．resolution

C．formality

D．structure

3.

A．under your roof

B．on your behalf

C．beyond your reach

D．within your grasp

4.

A．trends

B．goals

C．definitions

D．points

5.

A．discipline

B．discouragement

C．relief

D．reminder

6.

A．On the other hand

B．In result

C．Meanwhile

D．Furthermore

7.

A．benefit

B．profit

C．show

D．excuse

8.

A．meaningful

B．secondary

C．sufficient

D．tough

9.

A．stick to

B．refer to

C．devote to

D．adapt to

10.

A．imaginative

B．economic

C．intellectual

D．public

11.

A．familiar

B．effective

C．flexible

D．accessible

12.

A．decoration

B．truth

C．training

D．expense

13.

A．simplicity

B．creativity

C．experiment

D．life

14.

A．conscious

B．calm

C．wild

D．excited

15.

A．purposeful

B．resourceful

C．fresh

D．memorable

8 . Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have you ever confused dates and events from your life, or people’s names? Don’t be too hard on yourself if this is the case; it happens to almost everyone. Every day, our brain processes an amazing amount of information. In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. All our thoughts and memories depend on the way our senses work, and we cannot always trust everything our senses tell us.

If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange. If we are moving quickly or are not focusing properly, our brain may not correctly guess what is around us.

Memory is the way we store the information that our senses have experienced. As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. When our brain takes in new experiences, it uses the information we retrieve from our memory as a reference. This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us identify it.

This also happens with our hearing and speaking. It is natural for students of English to confuse the word “kitchen”, with the familiar word “chicken”. As the sounds are similar, the mind mistakenly identifies the new word with the one that is familiar. This is perhaps the most common reason why people make mistakes when they learn a new language.

1. Sometimes things people remember are quite different from how they really happened because ______.

A．not all people are smart enough	B．the main part of the information gets lost
C．people are too strict with themselves	D．information was processed incompletely

2. Taking the short film on a digital camera for an example, the author means _____.

A．images recorded by cameras could not be accurate

B．brain may form an imagery picture without reference

C．blurry pictures are caused by too fast camera movements

D．the process of vision is an interpretive construct by the brain

3. The underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.

A．recall	B．change
C．borrow	D．differ

4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of memory?

A．Memory is exactly what senses have experienced.

B．Memories are made up of the information remaining in minds.

C．Memory is the way to store information experienced by senses.

D．Memories sometimes can be obstacles to learning something new.

9 . A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts (冷暖空气团接触的锋) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.

All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms.

Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations (气象站). Experiments are also in progress for weather modification (改变) studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographic (山岳形态) precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

1. By reading weather maps, students majoring in geography can .

A．design a project of weather modification

B．interpret the weather condition before the time of observation

C．obtain data on atmospheric conditions over a wide area

D．survey ever-changing fronts in local meteorological stations

2. A thirty-day forecast is determined by examining________.

A．daily weather maps	B．upper air levels
C．satellite reports	D．changing fronts

3. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is helpful because ________.

A．electronic instruments are used

B．it enables man to alert the weather

C．it makes weather more time-consuming

D．information not be obtained readily otherwise can be gained

4. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in________.

A．controlling and influencing weather

B．determining density of pressure groups

C．30-day “outlooks”

D．predicting storms

10 . On Jan. 3, a netizen (网民) nicknamed “Programmer Humor” published a short story on his micro-blog. It said that there was an old lady who swept nearly every inch of his Internet company. When she passed by a programmer, she took a look at the codes on the programmer’s computer and kindly reminded him, “Be careful, the stack is overfilled!”

Certainly, it is a casual and fictitious (虚构的) story made up by the micro-blogger. However, no one would have guessed that the short blog would eventually cause the first great Internet meme (网络快速爆红现象) of 2011 in China. Suddenly, the mysterious “Sweeping Old Lady” is showing up nearly everywhere and reminding professionals of their mistakes. From 8 a. m. on Jan. 5, some netizens collected stories of the “Sweeping Old Lady” and found she had appeared to give advice in 150 kinds of careers. A netizen even said he had met with a similar situation in real life.

Actually, the “Sweeping Old Lady” is not new figure, but is based on the “sweeping monk (和尚)”in Louis Cha’s famous Kung fu novel of “Tian Long Ba Bu”. The “sweeping monk” is an old monk and does the lowest class of work in Shaolin Temple, but he is actually the No. 1 master in the noel both in Kung fu and in the study of Buddhism.

The “Sweeping Old Lady” is also a great modest master. Lots of netizens wish that they could have such a lady beside them to give them precious suggestions at a key time.

Although there may be 1,000 “Sweeping Old Ladies” in 1,000 people’s minds, it cannot prevent the “Sweeping Old Lady” from becoming the most popular figure on the Internet.

“Programmer Humor” said he is just a programmer in the real world and once he saw the story about the “Sweeping Old Lady,” he wrote it down in his micro-blog because it was funny. He never knew who the original writer of the story was and never thought the story could be so popular.

1. What quality does the “Sweeping Old Lady” have?

A．Honest and knowledgeable.	B．Modest and patient.
C．Modest and knowledgeable.	D．Honest and patient.

2. Which description about the “Sweeping Old Lady” is right?

A．She is an old lady good at sweeping the Internet.

B．She is just an imaginary figure created by a netizen.

C．She is well-know as the old “sweeping monk.”

D．She likes to give instructions everywhere.

3. What can we infer from the text?

A．The sweeping old lady is always looking down on the people around her.

B．We should ask sweeping old lady for advice when meeting with difficulties.

C．People want to have a “Sweeping Old Lady” nearby to do the cleaning.

D．We shouldn’t judge a person by his or her appearance and we’d better respect everyone.

4. What does the author think of the “Sweeping Old Lady”?

A．She should be praised and respected.

B．She shouldn’t mind others’ business.

C．She should go in for network.

D．She shouldn’t show off before professionals.