1 . 加大数字社会建设的投资力度，加速大数据产业发展是必然趋势，符合建设现代化强国的战略。（consistent）（汉译英）

2 . 要做行业“天花板”，光有决心是不够的。(more than) （汉译英）

3 . Making a Backup Plan Weakens Performance

There are certainly important benefits to making backup plans. One is the psychological comfort it brings: People think, “I’m going to be Okay, even if I fail because I can then do X or Y.” Another benefit is that if you fail, you won’t keep thinking about it; you can quickly implement your backup plan.     1     Jihae Shin of Wisconsin School of Business believes that acknowledging the costs and benefits can lead to better and more informed decision making.

She gave 160 university students a sentence-unscrambling (理清句子) task and promised an energy bar to those who performed it well.     2     People encouraged to think about those backup plans unscrambled significantly fewer sentences on average than people who hadn’t been asked to formulate a plan B.

In the follow-up experiment, Shin took the same approach but offered people different rewards — an extra dollar. “We think that when achieving a goal requires work, not luck, making a backup plan can hurt performance by reducing the desire for the goal.” said professor Shin. “In the third study in which participants were asked about how much they wanted the promised reward of one dollar, those who had been asked to think through backup plans reported that they wanted the cash less than others.     3     So they put in less effort which hurt their results.

The participants in the lab studies spent less than 10 minutes, thinking about their backup plans -- a tiny investment of their attention -- yet it significantly affected their motivation and performance on goal pursuit. In real life when the stakes are higher, people would be expected to devote more time and energy to mapping out the detailed backup plans.     4    

The practical advice from the researchers is: Hold off on making back up plans until you’ve put as much effort as possible into your primary goal.

A．As that reduces effort over a sustained period, it could result in even more significant negative effects.

B．Before receiving the text, half the participants were asked to think about the different ways they could obtain free food, should they fail to earn the snack.

C．But participants asked to brainstorm other things before unscrambling sentences did just fine.

D．However, the costs of making backup plans haven’t previously been examined.

E．If you prepare for failure, you may be more likely to fail.

F．They might not have been aware of this shift in their mindset while working, but they were less motivated.

4 . 经历了一波三折之后，他如愿以偿地踏上了深造之旅。 (as) （汉译英）

5 .

Fellowships for Postdoctoral Scholars AT WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Scholarships designed to extend the education and training of the applicants and to advance their research careers are available to new or recent doctoral graduates in diverse areas of research.

Applications will be accepted from doctoral recipients with research interests associated with the following Departments: ·APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS & ENGINEERING ·MARINE CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY ·PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY ·GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS ·BIOLOGY Interdepartmental research, including with the Marine Policy Center, is also encouraged. Applications will also be accepted from those with research interests on the following: ·USGS/WHOI-   areas of common interest between USGS and WHOI Scientific Staff. The individual will interact with both USGS and WHOI based advisors on their research. Criteria for awards include demonstrated research independence, productivity and novelty, and community service including contributions to making ocean sciences and engineering more diverse and welcoming. Scholarships are awarded for 18-month appointments（$68,500 annually, plus a health and welfare allowance; a travel allowance; and a research budget）.

Recipients are encouraged to pursue their own research interest supervised by resident staff. Communication with potential WHOI advisors prior to submitting an application is encouraged. COMPLETED APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED BY OCTOBER 15, 2023, to start any time after January 1, 2024 and before December 1, 2024. Awards will be announced in December. Further information about the Scholarships and application forms as well as links to the individual Departments and their research themes may be obtained at: https://go.whoi.edu/pdscholarship A goal of the Postdoctoral Scholar Program is the long-term broadening of participation in ocean science and engineering: women, minorities, veterans, those with disabilities, and other underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply. WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION

1. What can be learned about the Postdoctoral Scholar Program?

A．Women applicants are more likely to be considered than men applicants.

B．Applicants whose research is independent and original will be given priority.

C．All applicants must agree to work with the Marine Policy Center.

D．Applicants without a degree in engineering will be rejected.

2. The earliest time for the scholarship recipient to start the research work is _________.

A．October 15, 2023	B．January 1, 2024
C．December 1, 2024	D．December 12, 2023

3. The scholarship recipient will be able to ________.

A．get a health and welfare allowance of $70,000 a year

B．use the database at http://go.whoi.edu/pdscholarship

C．appoint any WHOI advisor as his/her research partner

D．do research under the guidance of resident staff at WHOI

6 . My sister, Lynn, taught me my first word: kira-kira. I pronounced it ka-a-ahhh, but she knew what I meant. Kira-kira means “glittering” in Japanese. Lynn told me that when I was a baby, she used to take me onto our empty road at night, where we would lie on our backs and look at the stars while she said over and over, “Katie, say ‘kira-kira, kira-kira!’” I loved that word! When I grew older, I used kira-kira to describe everything I liked: the beautiful blue sky, puppies, kittens, butterflies, colored tissues.

My mother said we were misusing the word; you could not call colored tissues kira-kira. She was dismayed over how un-Japanese we were and swore to send us to Japan one day. I didn’t care where she sent me, so long as Lynn came along.

When she wasn’t in school, she stayed with me constantly. Both our parents worked. Officially, I stayed all day with a lady from down the road, but unofficially, Lynn was the one who took care of me.

My sister used to keep a diary. Today I keep her diary in a drawer next to my bed. I like to see how her memories were the same as mine, but also different. For instance, one of my earliest memories is of the day Lynn saved my life. I was almost five, and she was almost nine. We were playing on the empty road near our house. Fields of tall corn stretched into the distance wherever you looked. A dirty gray dog ran out of the field near us, and then he ran back in. Lynn loved animals. Her long black hair disappeared into the corn as she chased the dog. The summer sky was clear and blue. I felt a brief fear as Lynn disappeared into the cornstalks. After Lynn ran into the field, I couldn’t see anything but corn. “Lynnie!” I shouted. We weren’t that far from our house, but I felt scared. I burst into tears.

Somehow or other, Lynn got behind me and said, “Boo!” and I cried some more. She just laughed and hugged me and said, “You’re the best little sister in the world!” I liked it when she said that, so I stopped crying.

1. What can be learned about Katie as a little child from the first paragraph?

A．She only listened to Lynn’s advice.

B．She didn’t like to learn the Japanese language.

C．She mispronounced kira-kira on purpose.

D．She associated kira-kira with nice things.

2. The underlined word dismayed in the second paragraph probably means ________.

A．discouraged

B．amused

C．relieved

D．unconvinced

3. Which of the following lines is probably in Lynn’s diary description of the event?

A．...I was sure that the dog would hurt Katie...

B．...My heart melted at the sight of the lovely dog...

C．...I kept chasing the dog until Katie appeared...

D．...I regretted taking Katie out when I saw the dog...

4. The author writes about her childhood to ________.

A．sing praise of her Japanese roots	B．share an adventurous experience
C．recall unique style of language learning	D．show the sisterly affection

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. replacing     B. tolerate       C. extremes        D. experiencing          E. average F. estimates       G. impact       H. reserved   I. assess       J. cover       K. continued

Urban Trees Are Threatened by Climate Change

By 2050, about three-quarters of the species will be at risk as a result of climate change, a study has found. Cities around the world may need to start planting different types of trees and shrubs that can     1     warmer and drier conditions.

“By ‘at risk’, we mean these species might be     2     stressful climatic conditions,” says Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez at Western Sydney University in Australia. “Those trees are likely to die.”

City trees have many benefits, from making urban spaces look beautiful and providing a refuge for wildlife to keeping places up to 12°C cooler than they would otherwise be in summer. Losing tree     3     would lead to cities becoming even hotter as the planet heats up.

To     4     the threat, Esperon Rodriguez and his colleagues used database called the Global Urban Tree Inventory to work out the conditions required by 3100 tree and shrub species currently grown in 164 cities worldwide. The researchers then looked at how these conditions would be affected by climate change under medium-emissions scenario known as RCP 6.0.

By 2050, 76 per cent of these species will be at risk from rising     5     temperatures and 70 percent from decreasing rainfall, the team concludes.

The study doesn’t take account of       6     urban growth, which could warm cities even faster. Nor does it take account of greater weather     7     caused by climate change, or the effects of pests and diseases. Warmer conditions are allowing more pests, such as bark beetles, to survive winters as well as to reproduce faster in summer, greatly increasing their     8    .

“Our     9     have scientific basis,” says Esperon-Rodriguez. There are some things that can be done to help trees survive. The best strategy is to choose tough species when     10     trees or planting new ones, the team concludes.

8 . On April 20, SpaceX’s Starship, the largest and most powerful rocket ever, exploded during its first test flight only minutes after it took off from Texas, US.

Even though the two-stage rocket ship made it less than halfway to the edge of space, climbing to just under 25 miles, the flight achieved its primary objective of getting the new vehicle off the ground despite some of its engines failing at liftoff. The plan was for Starship to soar into space at least 90 miles above Earth.

SpaceX CEO Elon Musk congratulated team members on “an exciting test launch” in a post-launch tweet and said they “learned a lot for the next test launch in a few months.”

Back in September 2017, Musk came up with the idea of developing a rocket that would be able to send astronauts to Mars, build a base on the moon, and allow commercial travel to anywhere on Earth in under an hour, according to The Guardian (卫报).

The most important aspect in Musk’s view, however, would be the rocket’s ability to be reused for multiple flights. This would allow for massive savings as it would reduce the number of spacecraft that would otherwise simply crash. Also, the rocket relies on low-cost fuel, methane (甲烷), making the cost of spaceflight drop dramatically.

The results of Starship’s first launch are not too far off from what Musk and SpaceX’s engineers had predicted. Musk himself gave 50-50 odds that Starship would reach orbit, but also stressed that “clearing the launch tower and not blowing up the pad (发射台) would be a win”.

In all, “it fell somewhere between a small step and their hoped-for giant leap, but it still represents significant progress toward a reusable super-heavy lift rocket,” said Jordan Bimm, a space historian at the university of Chicago, US.

Prepared for the likely outcome, SpaceX already has more boosters and spacecraft ready for more test flights, with the next full set “almost ready to go”. The plan is to fire off similar rockets in quick succession (连续) to gather data and start using Starships to launch satellites into low Earth orbit then put people on board. Each launch will take SpaceX a step closer to its ultimate goal of making commercial space flight a reality.

1. What happened minutes after Starship took off?

A．It crashed into the sea.	B．It flew off the course.
C．It blew up in the sky.	D．Its engines all failed.

2. What are paragraphs 4 and 5 about?

A．The problems with the launch.	B．The risks of test flights.
C．The advantages of the rocket.	D．Musk’s idea of Starship.

3. How did people involved find the results of the first launch?

A．Disastrous.

B．Record-breaking.

C．Acceptable.

D．Unexpected.

4. What is the most suitable title for the report?

A．A Big Successful Failure	B．A Giant Leap in Space Exploration
C．Good Prospects for travel	D．Incredible Progress in Space Flight

9 .

A．At 6:45 p.m.	B．At 7:00 p.m.
C．At 7:15 p.m.	D．At 9:00 p.m.

10 .

A．Pick up some bottled water.	B．Work overtime at the office.
C．Do some paperwork at home.	D．Set aside some time for relaxation.