1 . When Aiden asked me to accompany him on a camping trip, I pictured a wooden cabin with a fireplace. Imagine how my _______ image of camping became a nightmare (噩梦) when Aiden and his brother, Lebron, _______ with a truck filled with camping supplies! I did pack a backpack, as instructed, but I had no idea we were going on _______ training!

Lebron, ever so _______, hurried me to get in so we could leave the noisy city behind us. Ahead, the mountains came into view bigger; the trees were _______. At least the weather was _______ — cotton candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky.

At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking _______. The first part of the trail (小路) looked more like a wooded road. _______, the path became narrower and steeper,   _______ me to focus on the task at hand. Finally, we reached the top. My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟). “No time to __________,” Lebron said, looking up at the __________. “We need to set up camp.”

Lebron and Aiden worked __________, while I stood around and pretended to __________, thunder rumbling in the distance. Each time lightning lit up the tent, I drew back with fear. And just as __________ as the storm came rushing in, it died down, allowing us to exit the tent. The __________ was superb — I could see for miles.

1.

A．dangerous

B．boring

C．comfortable

D．embarrassing

2.

A．set off

B．showed up

C．showed off

D．caught up

3.

A．survival

B．meaningful

C．demanding

D．fascinating

4.

A．busy

B．efficient

C．patient

D．considerate

5.

A．larger

B．greener

C．clearer

D．older

6.

A．acceptable

B．adaptable

C．challenging

D．amazing

7.

A．rules

B．adventures

C．trails

D．lovers

8.

A．Now

B．Once

C．Thus

D．Soon

9.

A．leading

B．forcing

C．allowing

D．encouraging

10.

A．cry

B．rest

C．celebrate

D．escape

11.

A．mountain

B．partner

C．sky

D．pack

12.

A．expertly

B．unwillingly

C．eagerly

D．nervously

13.

A．complain

B．relax

C．learn

D．help

14.

A．strangely

B．constantly

C．quickly

D．quietly

15.

A．camping

B．rain

C．view

D．experience

3 . Riding the bus to school could be keeping some kids out of class. Most school buses run on fuel. Those buses send out pollution, including tiny particles and gases. Bus riders get exposed to high levels of this pollution. When breathed in, it can lead to breathing problems, such as asthma (哮喘), which may keep kids home from school. But replacing the worst-polluting buses should cut down on student absences, a new study shows.

The study focused on schools that were asked to take part in a U. S. government program. The program offered schools cash back for money spent on cleaner school buses. The 2, 816 school districts in the new study all asked for the money. But not all got it. Only 383 were picked to receive funding. Winning districts could buy new buses and desert old ones.

The program started in 2012. From 2012 to 2017, the winning districts very likely had less bus pollution. And a year after getting new buses, student attendance had improved in those districts. For an average district of 10, 000 students, about six more students attended school each day in the winning districts. Districts that replaced the oldest buses had an average of 45 more students in school each day.

Those numbers may sound small, but they can add up, says Meredith Pedde, an environmental epidemiologist (流行病学家). Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old, her team figures. Replacing all of those old buses could mean 1.3 million fewer student absences each year, the data suggest. And school attendance matters for student achievement.

Now the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a new program for school buses.   It’s offering $5 billion through 2026 to replace old fuel buses with cleaner ones. Almost all U. S. school districts can apply for the new rebates. But schools in low-income areas and in rural areas will get priority. Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from old buses, EPA notes. And anything that cuts air pollution, Pedde says, should improve student health.

1. What is the primary reason why riding the bus to school might lead to student absences?

A．Serious fuel shortage for school buses.

B．Lack of available seats on school buses.

C．High risk of disease spreading in a bus.

D．High levels of pollution from school buses.

2. What does Meredith Pedde suggest about the impact of replacing old buses?

A．It increases health risks for students.

B．It is a costly and ineffective measure.

C．It helps to improve student attendances.

D．It has no significant effect on absences.

3. What does the underline word “rebates” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?

A．Financial aids.

B．School posts.

C．Health benefits.

D．Public resources.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To describe the potential risk of school buses.

B．To talk about the use of cleaner school buses.

C．To discuss the importance of decreasing absence.

D．To call on the government to improve school buses.

4 . Healthy human skin is covered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick to settle in an open wound. To prevent these organisms from spreading through the body, which can permanently injure or kill a person, the infected wound may need to be cleaned and treated with antibiotics. Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.

To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, such as changes in wound temperature or acidity. And scientists at the National University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.

This sensor can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result. Furthermore, DNase builds up before other infection signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.

WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely on a material called DNAgel. There searchers developed a particular kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in the presence of DNase. They connected this gel (凝胶) to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a signal to a smartphone.

Thus far, the team has exposed the DNAgel to wound swabs from 18 people’s wounds to see how much the material degraded in the presence of the bacteria. There searchers also used the device on six living lab mice whose wounds were exposed to the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infections.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．The harm of common wounds.

B．The treatment of infected wounds.

C．The intervention on wound healing.

D．The dilemma of infection observation.

2. How does the WINDOW sensor detect infections?

A．By comparing wound acidity.

B．By detecting the DNase enzyme.

C．By measuring the bacteria amount.

D．By observing changes in wound color.

3. What can we expect of the WINDOW sensor in the future?

A．It will cut down the length of infection-treating.

B．It could reduce the cost of infection observation.

C．It can monitor wounds continuously and remotely.

D．It might help conduct laboratory tests on wounds.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Innovations in Wound Infection Detection

B．Removing the Dangers of Open Wounds

C．Recognizing the Role of DNase in Healing

D．Challenges in Wound Care and Treatment

5 . Do not miss this unique opportunity to participate in Circle U. ’s winter course at Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin with co-students from nine universities across Europe!

Key Information

● Dates:24-28 November plus five additional online sessions

● Level/target group:Students from all fields of study

●Costs:School fees are free of charge. Participants will receive support for their travel,   accommodation and living costs.

● Application deadline:28 November, 2023

How to Apply

Applications are accepted through the Move On website. Along with the application form, please submit your CV and motivation letter, your transcript of records as well as proof of enrollment(注册)at one of the Circle U. universities.

*By 2 October,all applicants will be informed by email about the results of the selection procedure.

Course Description

No matter whether you study art history, agricultural sciences, or something else altogether,the winter school“Climate Change &Policy:How to Transition to a Post-Carbon Future” is for you. Over the course of two weeks—five days of online sessions and five in person—you will take part in interactive lectures, workshops, and panel discussions, all led by famous researchers and policy experts from across Europe.

●Together with Circle U. students, you will not only learn about basic concepts of climate science,but also discover the potential of mitigation(缓解)actions,as well as the dynamics of climate politics.

●In small teams, you will analyze and document examples of the climate impact on your home region, and research sustainability policies at your university.

1. What do we know about the winter course?

A．It will last more than two weeks.

B．No school fees are required for it.

C．No limitation is set on application.

D．It's open to students of certain majors.

2. Which of the following should be contained in the application materials?

A．Certificate of enrollment.

B．A self-introduction letter.

C．Records of previous activities.

D．School permission documents.

3. What can participants acquire through the course?

A．Knowledge about climate trend.

B．Recognition of related course credit.

C．Insights into basics of climate science.

D．Ways of responding to climate policies.

7 . Disastrous floods in eastern Libya killed at least 5,100 people, according to local authorities. The disaster comes after a series of deadly floods around the world this month, from China to Brazil to Greece. In every case, extremely heavy rain was to blame.

The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme danger caused by climate-driven rainstorms, and the need for better warning systems and basic facilities to protect the most vulnerable (脆弱的) populations.

Climate change makes heavy rain more common, even in dry places where the total amount of rainfall is small. That’s because a hotter atmosphere can hold more moisture. Everyday rainstorm, as well as bigger storms such as hurricanes, are increasingly dangerous as a result. In Libya, a storm called Daniel swept in from the Mediterranean over the weekend and resulted in a jaw-dropping 16 inches of rain in just 24 hour, according to the World Meteorological Organization. That is far too much water for the ground to absorb, especially in a dry climate where the soil is dry and is less able to suck up water quickly.

The massive amount of rain caused widespread flash flooding, and damaged at least one dam near the coastal city of Derna. That released torrents of water powerful enough to sweep away entire neighborhoods. In Brazil, flooding from a hurricane last week killed more than 20 people and left a large piece of southern Brazil underwater. Cities around the world are hurrying to improve their basic facilities to handle increasingly common heavy rain.

The disasters in the last two weeks also stress the vulnerability to climate change of people who are not wealthy or who live in places that are at war. While extreme rain has caused floods around the world recently, the number of the death is significantly higher in places where there isn’t money or political will to maintain basic facilities and enough weather warning systems.

1. What led to the floods in Libya?

A．Extreme rainfall.	B．Wet climate.
C．Severe hurricane.	D．Broken facilities.

2. What does the underlined phrase “suck up” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Separate.

B．Supply.

C．Store.

D．Absorb.

3. How do the floods affect people?

A．They lead to people’s union.	B．They cost people their lives.
C．They inspire people to struggle.	D．They make people become strong.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Floods linked to climate change.	B．Floods in Libya and their causes.
C．The needs of disaster preparedness.	D．Climate change impact on poor areas.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a shocking finding about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on Earth breathes unhealthy air. The WHO made     1    (it) air quality update ahead of World Health Day on April 7. The update reported that 99 per cent of the world’s population breathes air     2     goes beyond WHO air quality limits. It looked at data from over 6,000 cities in 117 countries. People     3    (live) in lower- and middle-income countries breathe the poorest-quality air. Millions of people die in these countries because of pollution-related diseases. The WHO said: “After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have 7 million preventable deaths due     4     air pollution.”

The WHO said its report highlighted the need to move away from fossil fuels. It asked governments to do more     5     (reduce) levels of air pollution. It said: “Current energy concerns highlight the importance of speeding up the transition to cleaner and     6    (healthy) energy systems.” It added that high gas prices, energy     7    (secure), the dangers of air pollution, and climate change mean the world must be less dependent on fossil fuels. The WHO report     8    (include) many recommendations for change. One of these is     9     use of clean energy for cooking, heating and lighting. Another is to “build safe and affordable public transport systems and pedestrian- and cycle-friendly     10    (network)”.