1 . In recent decades, it has become clear that consumers’ decision-making process is influenced by their emotions. Traditionally, people have been asked how they feel about products and services, but since individuals are often unaware of their own emotions, their responses may not accurately reflect reality.
Consumer neuroscience investigations have helped create a deeper understanding of the role of emotions in consumer-related choices. Emotions can be broadly categorized as positive or negative; examples of positive emotions include love, pride, and happiness, while negative emotions include anger, disgust, and fear. Both types of emotions cause physiological responses.
Distinguishing between different types of emotions is more important than classifying them as positive or negative. When sad, consumers tend to be willing to pay more for goods and are drawn towards high-risk, high-reward options. For instance, an environmentalist shopping at a supermarket might focus on getting one item for free in a two-for-one offer rather than thinking they don’t need two identical products.
Anxiety can reduce the likelihood of making risky choices and make individuals careless about rewards, similar to the effect of some positive emotions. Negative moods like fear and anger also influence risk-related decision-making differently: anger leads to more optimistic assessments, while fear results in more pessimistic risk assessments. Stress is perhaps the most problematic emotion for consumers when it comes to risk-seeking. It’s common for consumers to rush into decisions between work or social activities, feeling pressured to make quick choices. This stress can increase risk-seeking behavior, leading to regrettable decisions.
Purchases often involve making predictions about how we may feel when we have bought something. For example, will buying a new hat make me feel good? Unfortunately, consumers are not good at predicting how they will feel in the future. This means that people often purchase something on the basis that they think it will make them happy. However, as it is common to overestimate the future emotions of happiness linked to products, consumers often feel disappointed with the item as it does not live up to their emotional expectations.
1. What probably causes consumers to make improper decisions?A.Misjudgement of reality. | B.Unaware of emotions. |
C.Slow reflection to service. | D.Preference for certain products. |
A.Love. | B.Pride. | C.Anxiety. | D.Sadness. |
A.Consider only immediate rewards. |
B.Avoid making decisions under pressure. |
C.Focus on product quality when shopping. |
D.Predict future emotions before making a purchase. |
A.They accurately predict their future emotions. |
B.They underestimate the happiness linked to products. |
C.They have very high requirements for products. |
D.They don’t get the pleasure they expected of the products. |
2 . Emotions play a critical part in our lives and are easy to spread among people unless you know how to actually control them. In order to grow and thrive, you must learn to be emotionally intelligent.
Focus Your Efforts On Self-evolution
Just like you, it is completely normal for everyone else to have their own beliefs and opinions. Keeping that in mind, it’s better to understand that you cannot change others, no matter how hard you try. Even if you try changing others, you could be hurting yourself in the process.
Try Using “I” Statements
People sometimes interact with us as if we are mind readers, especially in relationships. Your partner may expect you to understand their desires, which can be challenging. Just as you aren’t a mind reader, others aren’t either. You need to communicate your needs to other people, and they need to do the same with you. Share your needs with your loved ones and observe the positive changes.
Avoid Negative People
You are known by the company you keep, and this is always true.
A.Express Your Needs |
B.Always Be A Mind Reader |
C.If surrounded by happy and motivated people, you will always be happy |
D.When upset, express your feelings openly but in a non-aggressive manner |
E.The strategy in this stressful situation is to focus on others instead of yours |
F.Taking full responsibility for your actions is how you become emotionally mature |
G.To enhance emotional maturity and happiness, self-development is the best course of action |
1.感谢他精彩的发言和真诚的建议;
2.希望有机会再次来节目做客。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Smith,
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Yours,
Li Hua
1. 影响你的具体事例;
2. 给你带来的改变;
3. 你对老师的祝福。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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5 . The teenage years are a transformative period marked by great physical, psychological, and emotional changes.
Understanding and managing social emotions can help develop teenagers’ identities. Teenagers experience a wide range of emotions from social interactions, which significantly influences their self-understanding and social awareness. In the process, they learn to understand, and appropriately respond to both their own emotions and those of others.
In academic settings, social emotional competencies like self-regulation, motivation, and social awareness directly impact a teenager’s ability to learn, participate, and engage in school activities.
Learning social emotions involves a combination of personal experience, guidance, and formal education.
A.What exactly are social emotions? |
B.The journey into mature emotion is quite easy. |
C.Social emotion learning for teenagers is essential. |
D.Central to this phase is the concept of social emotions. |
E.This helps shape their own personal principles and beliefs. |
F.Families play a crucial role in modeling and developing these skills. |
G.Moreover, social emotional skills are closely linked to mental health. |
A.Excited. | B.Regretful. | C.Refreshed. |
7 . Being overly emotional may mean reacting to negative feelings quickly instead of letting your intelligence weigh in. Chances are that you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn’t always constructive if you feel overly emotional.
Identify your emotions. It’s important to know what you feel so that you can address each emotion appropriately.
Interpret each emotion’s message.
Increase your empathy (共情). Empathy means observing your emotions less but the emotions of those around you more. If you find yourself focusing largely on your own emotions, take a step back and notice the emotions of the people around you.
A.Turn to professional aid. |
B.Challenge your negative emotions. |
C.Often, you feel emotions as a communication system. |
D.However, it’s vital to listen to your emotions in beneficial ways. |
E.Consider their emotional experience and recognize how they feel. |
F.Reflect on how your body reacts when you notice an emotion coming through. |
G.It means you allow your thoughts to come and observe them without judgement. |
A.Confused. | B.Worried. | C.Disappointed. |
1. Why does the woman want to get a new job?
A.To earn a better salary. |
B.To get more inspiration. |
C.To escape from her boring work. |
A.Colleagues. | B.Family members. | C.Interviewer and interviewee. |
A.Nervous. | B.Calm. | C.Surprised. |
10 . Whether you’re eating a slice of delicious bread or an extra-chewy chocolate cookie, it’s always fun to be the taste tester for a friend or relative who loves to bake. And, while eating products created with love and sugar probably makes you feel good, the baker is obtaining some psychological benefits, too.
Studies have shown that creative activities like baking contribute to an overall sense of well-being. Boston University professor of brain sciences Donna Pincus explained that there’s “stress relief that people get from having some kind of an outlet (发泄方式) and a way to express themselves”.
Baking is also a great way to practice mindfulness, because it requires you to focus on following very straightforward directions in a specific order. In other words, most of the decisions have already been made for you, allowing you to concentrate on the details while nudging (轻推) your mind away from the stressors and anxieties of your life outside the kitchen. Julie Ohana, a clinical social worker, explained that baking is effective because it helps you practice the “balance of the moment and the bigger picture”. While you’re measuring and mixing ingredients, you’re probably visualizing how they’ll all come together to create a fulfilling final product and deciding how and when you’ll share it with others.
Sharing your desserts selflessly rather than for attention or competition is another mood-booster, making you “feel like you’ve done something good for the world, which perhaps increases your meaning in life and connection with other people,” Pincus said. It can also function as a mode of communication. Susan Whitbourne, professor of psychological and brain sciences at the University of Massachusetts, said that “it can be helpful for people who have difficulty expressing their feelings in words to show appreciation, or sympathy with baked goods”.
Baking may not be the be-all and end-all of the cure for mental illness, but anyone in need of lifted spirits should consider pulling out the flour and warming up the oven.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To introduce the theme. | B.To draw a conclusion. |
C.To offer some advice. | D.To illustrate the background. |
A.It is of importance to physical health. |
B.It is a great way to encourage exercise. |
C.It ensures everything will be in a right order. |
D.It helps you to have positive expectations. |
A.Competing can effectively boost our moods. |
B.We can catch others’ attention through sharing. |
C.Baking contributes to closer social relations. |
D.Sharing enables us to express our feelings accurately. |
A.Technology. | B.Lifestyle. | C.Society. | D.Education. |